Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto NSR-ORA V3.2 del fabbricante 3Com
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Edition October 2001 NSR-ORA V3.2 Database A dapter Module fo r NetW orker.
Copyright and T rademarks Copyright © Fujitsu Siemens Computers GmbH 2001. All rights reser v ed. Deliv ery subject to availabilit y; r ight of technical modifications reser ved. All hardware and software names used are trademarks of their respective manuf acturers.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 1 Preface This guide provides inf ormation about ho w to install, c onfigure and operate the “N etWorker S a v e and R estore for ORA cle (NSR-ORA)” V3.2 NetW orker com- ponent. 1.1 A udience The inf or mation in this guide is intended f or system and database administr a- tors.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Preface What is New in Release 3.2 1.3 What is Ne w in Rel ease 3.2 With release V3.2 a number of changes hav e been made to NSR-ORA, influen- cing this guide: ● NSR-ORA V3.2 does now support Oracle 8.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 2 Intr oduction This guide to Bac king up and Restoring a Database describes the functionality , installation, configur ation and adminstration of the NetW or ker com ponent “N et- Wo r k e r S ave and R e store f or ORA cle (NSR-ORA)” V3.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Introduction The Physical Database Structure 2.1 The Ph ysical Database Stru cture The phy sical database (see figure 1 ) consists of at least one control file , one parameter file , at least two redolog files and at least one database file.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Introduction The Database Backup Figure 2: Logical database structure 2.3 The Database Bac kup Ev er y recov er y procedure depends on a correctly.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Introduction Archive Mode of the Dat abase NSR-ORA checks that the databas e is in ARCHIVELOG mode, and will abort the bac kup of the databas e if this is not the case if an online back up is to be car- ried out.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Introduction Fu nctio n Scop e these redolog files had already been sa ved on the bac kup medium by the archiving monitor and then automati cally deleted, the y will be read i n again and reapplied until the databas e is up to date .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 3 The i ndivid ual Co mponents The individual components f or backing up and recov er ing an ORA CLE database in a NetW orker en vironment are described in the follo wing section.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 The individual Components The Archiving Monitor Figure 4: The archiving monitor The archiving monitor amon has the task of per manently and regularly monitoring and bac king up the offline redolog fil es, which ac crue in the archive directory .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 The individual Components The Archiving Monitor 3.1.1 Star ting and Ending the Ar chiving Monit or A control program start_am on.sh is pro vided in the directory ${NSR_I NST}/or a- cle/bin f or coordinating the activities of the archiving monitor .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 The individual Components The Archiving Monitor AMON_G ROUP =amon_o ra_psi AMON_M AX_L OGS=4 AMON_I NTER VALL=18 00 AMON_M IRRO R_GROUP =amon2 _ora_ps i AMON_M IRRO R_SERVE R=psi With these prerequisites fulfilled, the user can start the archiving monitor : sh> st art_ amon.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 The individual Components The Archiving Monitor 3.1.2 Logging While the archiv ing monitor is activ e, the occupancy le vel of the archiv e direc-.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 The individual Components The Backup Componen t ...... 00-05-08:16:52:01 : DEBUG:oraar ch1_54.dbf 01/21/0 0 13:13:15 s: 0 m: 0 00-05-08:16:52:01 : DEBUG: Prin t of a save_cmd: /opt/netw orker/bin/sav e -i -l full -g am onorapsi -s psi 00-05-08:16:52:01 : oraar ch1_42.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 The individual Components The Backup Componen t Figure 5: The bac kup component 3.2.1 Offline Backup of t he Database conf igur e_nsr ora and configur e_networker can be used, if required, to create a new client and a ne w group called OFFLINE< oracle_sid><client> .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 The individual Components The Backup Componen t 1. The database is started up briefly to deter mine th e database files allocated to a tables pace. Normally , se veral tab lespaces are back ed up during an archiving process.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 The individual Components The Backup Componen t 3.2.2 Online Bac kup of the Dat abase An online bac kup of t he database is perf ormed whenev er the database is open at the time of the bac kup . In contrast to offl ine bac kups, the follo wing phases are carried out: 1.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 The individual Components The Backup Componen t 3.2.4 Check ing backups (troub leshooting) If an error occurs when backing up the database or if one of the bac kup pro- cesses does not end cleanly , the entire database bac kup is abor ted and all tables paces are reset to the status NoSave .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 The individual Components The Backup Componen t The shell script saveinfo.sh in the direc tor y $N SR_INS T/ora cle/bi n e valuates the protocol files save*.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 The individual Components The Backup Componen t concurrency used by NSR-ORA when bac king up tablespaces is one less than the concurrency of NetWork er when n sr ora_s ave_c md is not used, because NSR- ORA alwa ys uses one back up for internal purposes.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 4 Installati on and Configuration The f ollowing chapter describes the installation and confi guration of NSR-ORA. 4.1 Quic k Start This section giv es experienced users an short ov er view of all steps required to install and configure NSR-ORA.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Installation 9. Star t the archiving monitor amon us ing the fo llowing com mand: start _amon. sh star t $ORACL E_SID (ref er also to section “Star ting and Ending the Archiving Monitor“ ) 10.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Installation # /opt/nsr /key lic -s <serve r> <server> is the name of the NetW or k er ser ver . ● F or NetWorker servers from Fujitsu Siemens Computers prior to NetW orker V ersion V5.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Installation Proceed as f ollo ws for install ations under Solaris: Ê If you are perf or ming the NetW orker installation on the console, the i nstalla- tion progr am opens automatically when you ins er t the CD .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Installation Ê Set the DISPLA Y va r ia ble : # DISPLAY= <myh ost> :0 Ê Enter the fol lowing command to change to the product directory on the CD: # cd /m nt/cdr om Ê Inv oke the f ollo wing command: # .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n # cd / tmp/ nsr-ora Ê Unpack the N SR-ORA.tar file from the CD: # tar xv f /cdro m/NSR- ORA.ta r Ê The installation is then c ontinued with the command: # swin stal l -s /tmp/N SRORA_ HP_PKG N SR-O RA 4.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n 4.3.2 Prepara tions First make sure of the f ollowing: If you ha ve se ver al database instances on one computer , the redolog files of the v arious instances must hav e been c reated each in their own separ ate director y .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n Size Tables pace File in [K] in [ M] ------ ---- ---- ------ ------- ---- ----- SYSTEM /ora cle/7_ 0_16/db s/sy stem1. dbf 8,192 8 /ora cle/7_ 0_16/db s/sy stem2.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n lation directory). This file contains SQL commands, which are e xecuted each time sq ldb a or svrm gr l is called.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n In the configuration directory /nsr/oracle/${ORA CLE_ SID} on request a director y is created f or each weekda y ( mond ay , tuesday ,...), and the directory ${ORA CLE_S ID}_full_save is created f or full back ups.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n ORA CLE_SI D Name of the ORA CLE entity . If sev eral ORACLE databases are installed on the same computer , NSR-ORA can distinguish them clearly by means of the ORA CLE_SI D .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n The nex t quer y depends on the usage of an NAS filer . When you are using such an NAS filer and so ans wer y to this question you ha v e to input the inf or mation described in section “Configuring NSR-ORA” .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n This mak es it possible to carry out a recov er y more rapidly , or to carr y out a point-in-time reco very without having to read in the redolog fil es, since the ex isting redolog files can be u sed.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n OPS P arameter s OPS = yes | no Y ou use this parameter to specify whe ther or not NSR-ORA will be used under Oracle P arallel Ser ver (OPS).
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n AMON_MIRR OR_GR OUP Name of an optional second NetW orker backup group for the archiving monitor .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n ● GZIP is used with the def ault value 1. ● BZIP 2 no le vel is giv en to, so the def ault v alue of the algorithm will be used (see the uasm(1) manpage for further information).
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n /nsr/oracle/ora/w ednesday: USER1_TS USER2_TS /nsr/oracle/or a/thursday: R OLLBAC K_TS USER1_TS /nsr.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n This configuration helps fulfi ll the r equirements f or the NSR-ORA administrator to define a bac kup schedule within NetW orker . The steps necessar y for this are e xplained in the f ollowing s ection.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Configuratio n Y ou will find an e xample of the progress of con fi gur e_netwo rke r below: root 68 # configure_ne.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration NSR-ORA in OPS clusters They will be used to configure your NetWorker Server. Please press ENTER to continue created resource id 0.20.3.237.51.225.160.62.77.0.0.4(1) created resource id 0.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration NSR-ORA in OPS clusters ... Please also refer to the descriptions in the sections “Configuring NSR-ORA” und “Configuring NetWorker” . ● All OPS nodes ha v e to be entered as clients on the OPS node on which NSR-ORA is being configured.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Installation and Configuration Troub lesh ooting 4.5 T r oubleshooting Backing Up an Orac le Database V ersion 8.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 5 Recovery This chapter describes the various wa ys in which you can carry out a recovery f or an ORACLE da tabase.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Recovery Selecting th e Type of Recovery Naturally , you can also restore the database “manually”, i.e . without using the automatic f ac ilities of NS R-ORA. Figure 6: The recov er y component 5.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Recovery Selecting th e Type of Recovery 5.1.3 A utomatic Re cove ry (Crash Re cove ry) In the case of a fully-automatic reco very , NSR-ORA deals with the entire task of restoring the damaged tablespaces and redolog files without any further operator intervention.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Recovery Performing a recovery An automatic reco very is quite unsui table if the faul t in the database files is not a ph ysical media f ailure but a logical error in the data of the database. The automatic recovery procedure has no wa y of detecting logical errors.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Recovery Performing a recovery 5.2.1 A utomatic Reco very for an Optional P oint in Time This section documents the use of the ora _r e cut command with the ai d of which you c an automatically recov er a specific database le vel (rec ov er y u ntil t ime) .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Recovery Performing a recovery Pleas e look fo r a soluti on or giv e up!! Sqldba > or ERROR : couldn ’t get lo g_file < .... dbf > Pleas e try to fi nd it your self $ Y ou can enter optional commands after the prompts Sqldba> and $ in order to recov er errors (e.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Recovery Performing a recovery INFO: Foll owing d atabas e files are requi red to perfor m a recove ry: /oracl e/7_ 0_16/db s/benu tzer1NS R.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Recovery Performing a recovery 5.2.3 Man ual Reco very This section describes how to completely restore a database (that is, to restore all the tabl espaces) manually (i.e. without usi ng NSR-ORA’ s automatic f acilities) and - if necessar y - to a state which it had at some earlier time.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Recovery Performing a recovery This command giv es you the names and the sav e set IDs of all the files sav ed in <ora_p ool> in the period specifi ed. 5. Remov e the s a ve set IDs of the f ollowing files from this output: – r ecover_info_last – boots trap – .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Recovery Performing a recovery 5.2.4 Rec overy wi th ORA CLE P arallel Server (OPS ) If OPS is being used, y ou must pa y attention to some fur ther prerequisites: ● All OPS instances ha ve to ha v e been specified in the confi guration of NSR- ORA.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Recovery Troublesho oting star ted. Y ou are recommended to use the archive directory of the ”recov er y instance“ f or this pur pose.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Recovery Troublesho oting log belongs to w rong database arc hived log ends at chang e nnnnn , need later change mmmmm If y ou get this or a simil.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 6 Using NSR-ORA with NetApp F iler s This chapter describes how to configure a nd use NSR-ORA with NetApp Filers 6.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Prerequisites ● The administrator ma y perform an offline bac kup within a f ew minutes . This is done b y making NSR-ORA shut down the database automatically and restar ting it after the backup process is completed (i.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Recommen dations 6.3 Recomme ndations This section provides recom mendations for usin g NSR -ORA to bac kup data on high perf or mance NAS de v ices .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Configuring NSR-O RA NET APP_SN AP_NR=[0- 30]:[0-3 0]:[0-3 0] This parameter defines the type of and n umber of snapshot backups to be kept f or a restore proc ess.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Configuring NSR-O RA Using the snap list command the administrator can obtain inf or mation about the number and the dates of creation of the existi ng snapshots.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Configuring NSR-O RA database rarely change, it ma y be usefull to keep the snapshots for a fe w weeks. If the rate of change is high it ma y be suffient to keep only a fe w snapshots-by-hour .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Configuring NSR-O RA The configur e_nsr ora script does not ask you to set up this parameter , so you ma y hav e to set it up manual ly by changing the db o${ORA CLE_SID }.init configuration fil e.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Configuring NSR-O RA The configur e_networker script provides the choice between the f ollowing three scenarios for the bac kup.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Configuring NSR-O RA Scenario 3: Seven Back ups per Day In this scenario NetW or ker perf or ms sev en backups per da y : Ev er y f our hours a snapshot back up is performed. Additionally another snapshot with an additional tape bac kup is star ted at 23:50 h.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Configuring NSR-O RA ● P asswo r d attribute F or an NDMP backup the NDMP client needs the passw ord of the NDMP user f or the NetApp Filer . This pass word must be entered into the attrib ute P asswo r d .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Configuring NSR-O RA How ev er if y ou require irregular snapshot back ups (e.g. only during the working hours) then you m ust create diff erent groups depending the diff erent snapshot bac kups.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Configuring NSR-O RA This parameter ov erwr ites the backup le vel of the respective NetW orker client which is preset in the clients schedule . Thus you can reduce the configuration to the definition of a client.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Configuring NSR-O RA If the sav e set NDMP is back ed up , NSR-ORA sav es the database in the current state (online or offline). This corresponds to sav e set ${ORAC LE_SID}_full_save ).
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Backup Po o l s NSR-ORA needs two or three NetW orker pools f or NDMP back ups: ● One pool is required f or the back up of database tablespace files . T his pool must be usab le on the NDMP drive .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Backup If the le vel is s et to a val ue between 1 and 9 then NSR-ORA simply creates a snapshot. ● Save Set : When the sa ve set NDMP is used the current state of the database will be back ed up .
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Recovery The saveinfo.sh command is not rele vant to the NDMP bac kup method, and it will not be started after the backup has completed. If the bac kup process has been perf or med successfully y ou will be inf or med by the save g rp completion notification.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Recovery Selecting a tape bac kup the database reco very process is the same as the one f or a usual database recov er perf or med b y NSR-ORA (see also section “Recov er y Until Time with Logical Errors” ).
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Recovery If you w ant NSR-ORA to cop y the files (selection “ 1 ”) it will search f or the directory w ith the most free space and will ask you whether the e x isting archivel og files should be copied to this files ystem.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 NSR-ORA and NetApp Recovery Example 2: Recovery based on a specified snapshot Should I t ry to u se a c opy fro m th e LAST SNAPSH OT or do you wa.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Inde x ${ORA CLE_SID}_full_sa ve (director y) 37 A actual_sa ves_of_tab lespaces (file) 18 amon 6, 9 daemon 10 displa y status of 11 figure 10 log.
System Admin istrator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Index (configuration file) 17 C command nsrndmp_s a ve 70 nsrora_rec 45, 50 ora_recut (for NetApp) 72 components back up component 14 of NSR-ORA 9 recov er y component 45 COMPRESS_LEVEL shell parameter 35 config.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Index on OPS clusters 40 L LAST_WEEK_D A Y shell parameter 62 Licensing snaprestore (NetApp) 23 licensing NetApp licenses required 23 logical data.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Index configuration 40 installation on 40 remarkable things 40 OPS_INST ANCES shell parameter 34 ora_recut (command) for NetApp 72 ORA CLE_GROUP s.
System Adminis trator’ s Guide U42252 -J-Z915 -1-76 Index NSR_INST 31 NSR_MAX_REC_DEV 34 NSR_MAX_RECO VER 34 NSR_SER VER 31 OPS 34 OP S_IN ST ANC ES 34 ORA CLE_GROUP 31 ORA C LE_ HOME 31 ORA CLE_O WNER 31 ORA CLE_SID 31 RSH 63 SEND_MAIL_T O 33 TELNET 63 shell script sav einf o .
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il 3Com NSR-ORA V3.2 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del 3Com NSR-ORA V3.2 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso 3Com NSR-ORA V3.2 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul 3Com NSR-ORA V3.2 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il 3Com NSR-ORA V3.2, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del 3Com NSR-ORA V3.2.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il 3Com NSR-ORA V3.2. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo 3Com NSR-ORA V3.2 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
