Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto DUA1860-0AAA01 del fabbricante 3Com
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T HE L INK B UILDER MSH 4 P ORT E THER NET B RIDGE M ODULE U SER G UIDE Part No. DUA1860-0AAA 01 Published November 1994.
3Com Corporati on ■ 5400 Bayfr ont Plaza ■ Santa Clara, California ■ 95052-8154 © 3Com Corporation, 1994. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation ma y be repr oduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transfo rmation, or adaptation) without permission from 3Com Corporation.
C ONTENTS A BOUT T HIS G UID E Introduction ix How T o Use Th is Guide x Conven tions xi Speci al Me ssage s xi i Relat ed Public ations xiii 1 I NTRODUCTION The Li nkBui lder M SH 1 -2 The Link Build.
2 G ETTING S TARTED Introduction 2-2 The VT10 0 Manage ment Inte rface 2- 3 The VT10 0 Bridge Screens 2-4 The VT10 0 Bridge Menu Map 2-6 Bridge Con trol Keys 2-8 Simple Brid ge Conf igur ation 2-11 Lo.
Custom Filte r Conf igurat ion 3-9 Settin g Up A Host -to-Host Fil ter Set 3-10 Saving Hos t-to-Host Filte rs 3-12 Settin g Up A Host -to-Port Filt er Set 3-13 Saving Hos t-to-Port Fil ters 3-15 Setti.
Delete Permanen t Ent ry 5-8 T ransf er Permanent Entri es 5-9 Edit ing A RP In form ati on 5- 10 ARP Par ameters 5-10 Add A RP En try 5 -11 Delete ARP En try 5-12 Changi ng TCP Characte ristics 5-13 .
6 P ROB L E M S OLVI NG Spot Ch ecks 6-2 Using The LEDs For Fault Diagnosis 6-3 Correcting P roblems 6-4 Netw ork Pr oblems 6-4 PING Or T elnet Problems 6-4 Port Proble ms 6- 5 Perfo rma nce Problem s.
I NDEX R ADIO F RE Q U EN C Y I NTE RFERENCE S TATEMENTS L IMITED W ARRANTY.
A BOUT T HIS G UIDE Intr oduction This gu ide contains al l the information you need to install and use the Lin kBuilder MSH 4 Port Ethernet Bri dge Module. It i s writte n for the person r esponsible for the ma nagement and mai ntenance of the netwo rk.
x A BOUT T HIS G UIDE DUA1860-0 AAA01 How T o Use This Guide The followi ng list shows where to find speci fic informatio n: We recom mend that you re ad Chapter 2 when setting up t he bridge for the fi rst time , in a ne w environme nt. Read C hapter 3 for mo re advance d bridge configur ation , if necessary .
DUA1860-0A AA01 Conventio ns xi Conv entions The fol lowing tabl e lists conventions that are used thr oughout this gui de: “Ente r” vs . “T yp e” When the word “e nter” is u sed in this guide , it means type some thin g, t hen p ress th e [ Retur n] or [Ent er] k ey .
xii A BOUT T HIS G UIDE DUA1860-0 AAA01 Special Messages A spe cial form at indica tes n otes , cau tions, and w ar nin gs. T hese message s ar e defi ned as f ollows: Notes call attention to impo rtant fe atures or instru ctions. CAUTION: Cau tions cont ain direc tions that you mu st foll ow to avoi d immediate syst em damage or l oss of data.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Rela ted Pu blic ation s xiii Related Pub lications If you ne ed more infor mation about subjects no t cover ed by this guide, you may fi nd it usef ul to r efer to th e guide s that accompany yo ur other LinkBui lder pr oducts. If you ha ve lost or do not have a particu lar guid e, copies can be obtain ed from your supp lier .
xiv A BOUT T HIS G UIDE DUA1860-0 AAA01.
1 I NTR ODUCTION This cha pter conta ins the follow ing top ics: ■ The L inkBu ild er MSH ■ The Li nkBuilde r MSH 4 Por t Ethernet Bridge Module ■ Mana ging The Brid ge ■ Bridgi ng ■ Bridge .
1-2 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 The LinkBuilder MSH The LinkB uilder MSH is an extr emely versat ile chassis-ba s ed hub , which enab les you to connect and manag e large, mixed- technology , mi xed-media L ANs.
DUA1860-0A AA01 The Link Builder M S H 4 Port E thernet Br idge Module 1-3 The LinkBuilder MSH 4 Port E ther net Bridge Module The bri dge module pr ovides a bridg e connecti on between t he thr ee Ethernet busses of the MSH and an ext ernal port (the bridge module' s transceiver module) , as shown in Fi gure 1- 2 .
1-4 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 The bri dge module pr ovides: ■ Connec tion to each Eth ern et bus in the M SH. ■ An exter nal conn ection by transceive r modul e. ■ LEDs for in dicating bridge activit y and diagno sing possibl e problem s.
DUA1860-0A AA01 The Link Builder M S H 4 Port E thernet Br idge Module 1-5 Below its top eject or , t he brid ge has a pan el of LEDs that indica te bridge activ ity , a s sho wn in Figur e 1-3 . Each po rt has a row of three LEDs; transm it (TX), receiv e (RX) and enabled (EN).
1-6 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 A T ranscei ver Mod ule can be fi tted to the bridg e, providing i ts fourth port, as sho wn in Figu re 1-4 .
DUA1860-0A AA01 Managin g The Bridge 1-7 Managing The Bridge The bri dge can be manage d using either the VT 100 managemen t interf ace or r emotely via SNMP using a sui table applicati on, as shown in Figu re 1-5 . SNMP pr ovides a subset of the VT100 managemen t faciliti es.
1-8 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 Bridging This secti on describes bri dges and how they work. Why Use A Bri dge? Bridg es pr ovide a way of joinin g two or mor e networks toge ther to form a si ngle logi cal and physic al network.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Brid gin g 1-9 Local And Remote Bridges Ther e are two main t ypes of bridg e, local and re mote . The Link Builder MSH 4 Port Et hernet Bridge Module i s a local br idge. Local br idges ar e used for brid ging networks on t he same site, as shown in Figu re 1-6 .
1-10 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 Bridge Networ k T opology The topolo gy o f a n etwor k is e ssen tiall y its la yout; how its componen t part s ar e inter -conn ected. The to pology of your networ k is de pendent on the amount of bridges that you use and the way in whi ch you use them .
DUA1860-0A AA01 Brid gin g 1-11 Figur e 1-9 An Ex ampl e T opol ogy.
1-12 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 Learning, Filtering And Forwar ding T ran sp aren t bridges r emain transpar ent to the n etwork segments, tr eating them as o ne overall network. The main oper ation s of a tran spar ent bridge ar e learning , filteri ng and for warding .
DUA1860-0A AA01 Brid gin g 1-13 Figur e 1-11 , Fi gure 1- 12 , Figu re 1-13 and Figure 1-14 illustra te how a bridge l ear ns device addr esses and uses address li sts to r educe unnece ssary network traf fic. Figur e 1-11 : The bridge does no t know what device s ar e on the networ k.
1-14 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 Figur e 1-13 : Device C, con nected to p ort 2, transmits a pack et for device A. T he bri dge lear ns the ad dress o f dev ice C and r ecognizes the ad dress of device A, so it forwar ds t he packet to port 1.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Brid gin g 1-15 The br idge p erforms ageing on address list e ntries . If a port ha s not r eceived a packe t fr om a device wit hin a conf igur ed time (the ageing t ime ), the device's a ddress will be remove d fro m the port's addr ess list.
1-16 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 Spanning T ree Algorithm And Pr otocol (ST AP) Y ou can make your networ k mor e r esilient b y adding bridge s and network se gments. If a ne twork se gment o r bridg e fails, tra ffic can still trave l through the ne twork by using the a dditiona l bridge s and netwo rk segm ents .
DUA1860-0A AA01 Brid gin g 1-17 In a bridg ed net work, a root br idge is electe d to co ntrol the o ther bridg es. The ro ot bridge is made awar e of any active l oops by consult ing the othe r bridge s.
1-18 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 The ST AP is also capable of construc ting a new spanni ng tre e should t he unique pa th fail, see Figure 1-17 , leadi ng to quick network re covery .
DUA1860-0A AA01 Brid gin g 1-19 Netwo rk resilie nce obvio usly l eads to som e path redun dancy , as shown in Figure 1-18 . Figur e 1-18 Network Resilie nce For more detailed ST AP infor mation, pl ease refer to the latest re v is i o n o f t h e IEEE 802.
1-20 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 Bridge Filters The L inkBu ilder MSH 4 Port Ether n et Bri dge M odule allo ws th e use o f cus tomis ed filte ring , which ca n be used in addit ion to basic tran spar ent filterin g, as explai ned in Lear ning , Fi lteri ng A nd Forwar ding on page 1 -12 .
DUA1860-0A AA01 Brid ge Filte rs 1-21 Figur e 1-19 : A filter set fo r port 2 h as been set up allowing device A to commu nicate thr ough the br idge and ou t of that port.
1-22 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 Figure 1- 21 : Devi ce B transmi ts a p acket for de vice C. Th e br idge knows tha t device C is co nnected to port 2, so it che cks that port's filte r set. Communica tion is not allowe d, so it filters the pack et.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Brid ge Filte rs 1-23 Filter Set s A filter se t is a gro up of device s that are all owed to commun icate with ea ch other . The 4 Port Et hernet Bridge Mo dule's default fi lter sets le t all h osts a nd po rts co mmunic ate. If you w ant to restrict communi cation, you mu st edit the de fault fil ter sets.
1-24 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 Figure 1- 22 i llustrates a h ost-to-host filter e xample, and shows four net work segments connected by a br idge. A filter set has been set up a llowing communica tion bet ween devi ces A and D only , thr ough the bri dge.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Brid ge Filte rs 1-25 Exclus ion mean s that d evices in the set canno t communicat e out of that po rt, and a ll other de vices can. I f the set i s empty , all devices can commun i cate out of that port. The de fault host group is co ntain ed in all host-to-p ort fil ter sets follow ing a n initi aliza tion .
1-26 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 Port-to-Port Filterin g A port-to-p ort filter set is a group of ports that are allowed to communi cate through the bridge. T here is a port-to-po rt filter set for ea ch bridge por t. Figure 1- 24 and Fi gure 1- 25 illu strate a p ort-to-p ort filte r exampl e.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Brid ge Filte rs 1-27 Changes m ade to port -to-port fi lter sets are mirrored by the oth er port-to-p ort filte r sets. For ex ample, if p orts 1 an d E are added to port 3' s filter se t, port 3 is au tomati cally added to por t 1's and port E's fi lter sets.
1-28 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 Bit Filterin g Bit filte rs s electi vely fi lter o ut traffic base d on bit va lues o ccur ring in th e first 64 bytes of each frame.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Brid ge Filte rs 1-29 Enabling Cu stom Filtering Y ou have to enab le cu stom filte ring b efore it be come s effect ive. Y ou ca n enab le and disab le all cu stom fi lters or indivi dua l cust om filters with ease.
1-30 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01 Simple Network M anagement Pr otocol (SNM P) SNMP is a n applicat ion-le vel pr otocol for managing p roducts su ch as bridg es on TCP/IP networks. Y ou can issue requests using an SNM P app licat ion. The appli cat ion passe s the request s to the SNMP agen t softwar e on the device to be manage d.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Instal lati on And Remova l 1-31 Installation And R emoval W AR NING: Plea se read the follow ing safety and anti-static information before re moving th e module fro m its an ti-static pack agin g.
1-32 C HAPTER 1: I NTRODUCTION DUA1860-0 AAA01.
2 G ETTING S TARTED This cha pter conta ins the follow ing top ics: ■ The VT100 M anageme nt Inter face ■ The VT 100 Brid ge Menu Map ■ Bridge Contro l Key s ■ Simpl e Br idge Co nfigur ation .
2-2 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Intr oduction This cha pter describ es settin g up th e brid ge for th e first tim e. If you have not set up the bri dge befor e, or are sett ing it up agai n after init iali zing N VRA M, you s hould read t his chap ter .
DUA1860-0A AA01 The VT 100 Manage ment Interface 2-3 The VT100 Manag ement Interface The VT100 m anagement int erfac e is used for bridg e managemen t. The scree ns are based on forms and ar e contr olled using spec ial in terface con trol keys . The bri dge has diffe r ent contr ol keys to the MS H management modul e.
2-4 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 The VT100 Bridge Scr eens The VT100 bridge scr eens have the same ge neral layout . The comp onents of a br idge screen a re sho wn i n Figu re 2-1 . Figur e 2-1 Bridge Scr e en Comp onents The compon ents are: A - Screen title.
DUA1860-0A AA01 The VT 100 Manage ment Interface 2-5 E - Rem ote log in iden tifier . The name of the user curr ently r emotely logg ed on t o the bridge. F - Inpu t area . The line be low the scr een ar ea pr ovides the dat a entry locati on for input screens.
2-6 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 The VT100 Br idge Menu Map The VT 100 brid ge menu map, as shown in Fi gure 2- 2 , shows the links bet ween the bridg e management sc reens. The italic num ber at the bot tom left of ea ch screen box is th e page in this manu al, wher e you will fi nd the description of that scr een.
DUA1860-0A AA01 The VT10 0 Bridge Menu Map 2-7 Operator s with Administra tor privil eges ar e unrest ricted. Operator s with Operato r privile ges cannot conf igur e the brid ge, initialize NVRAM , or reset the bridge ( the Ad ministrati ve Screens).
2-8 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Bridge Co ntr ol Keys Ther e are speci al contr ol keys for op erating t he bridge. Th ese are dif ferent t o th e MSH ma nagement mo dule con trol keys and should be used fr om the time yo u log on to the br idge.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Bridg e Control K eys 2-9 Return to Main Menu [Ctrl] + [T] [Ctrl] + [C] [Ctrl] + [Y] [Esc] [T] Returns you to the Main Menu . Return to MSH Manage ment Module [Ctrl] + [P] When logge d on locally , this re turns you to the MSH Mana gement Modu le scree ns.
2-10 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Refr esh scre en [Ctrl] + [V] [Esc] [V] Refr eshes the screen. Next s tep [Esc] [N] T akes you to the ne xt menu or sc reen , or returns you fr om help. Using this fr om a menu, ta kes you to the scr een as soci ated wit h the highlig hted item.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Simple Bridge Config uration 2-11 Simple Bridge Configuration This sec tion descri bes how to config ur e a simple bridge that connect s up to four ne twork segmen ts. Ensur e all bridge conne ctions are in place befor e you start. Initial ly , the bri dge ha s no IP ad dress.
2-12 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Logging On T o The LinkBui lder MSH Loggi ng on to the Link Builde r MSH is also descri bed in The Link Builder MSH Management Module manual. Conne ct to th e Lin kBuil der MS H. T he Ma in Ba nner a ppea rs, as shown in Figure 2-3 .
DUA1860-0A AA01 Simple Bridge Config uration 2-13 The Logon scr een appears and stays di splayed until a val i d User Name and Passwo rd h ave been enter ed, as shown in Figur e 2-4 .
2-14 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 When you are logg ed on to the Lin kBuilder MSH, th e Main Menu appe ars, as shown in Fi gure 2- 5 . It of fers vari ous LinkBuilder MSH managemen t options. The LOGOFF option cl oses down the sessio n, allo wing the in terface to ‘sle ep’.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Simple Bridge Config uration 2-15 The Service Sel ection screen app ears, listing al l the services within the Link Builde r MSH C hassis wit h the nu mber o f the sl ot or back plane to wh ich i t is a ttache d, as sho wn in Figur e 2-6 .
2-16 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 The Addr ess T able screen app ears, showing defa ult addr ess infor matio n for the br idge , as shown in Figure 2-7 . If the b ridge' s IP add ress is unconfig ur ed, a r andom I P addr ess is shown.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Simple Bridge Config uration 2-17 Logging On T o The Bridge When you con nect to the b ridge, the Oper ator Login screen appe ars, as shown in Figur e 2-8 . Until it is con figur ed, the brid ge has n o Ope rator IDs or Pass words, meanin g th at the bridge ha s no security .
2-18 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Establis hing Operator Accounts When you ha ve logged on to th e bridge, the bri dge's Ma in Menu appe ars, of fering var ious manage ment option s, as shown in Figur e 2-9 .
DUA1860-0A AA01 Simple Bridge Config uration 2-19 The Confi guration menu appea r s, as shown in Fi gur e 2-10 . Y ou can acc ess all the co nfig urat ion screen s and su b-men us from this menu. Sel ect SY STE M. Figur e 2-10 Confi gur atio n Men u The System me nu appears.
2-20 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 The Operato r Accounts scr een appears, listing th e operator acco unts tha t are se t up for the brid ge, s ee Fi gure 2-11 . Y ou can set up 60 op erator accounts for t he bridge . Enter the number of the oper ator account you want to set up.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Simple Bridge Config uration 2-21 Account Num ber: T ext Field. Ent er the accoun t number of the operato r you want to set up. Y ou can set up fr om 1 to 60 accounts. After enterin g an account number , the Edit User Accounts scr een appears.
2-22 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 The Edit User Accounts scr een appears with informat ion on the operato r account y ou enter ed in the Oper ator Account s scree n, as shown in Figure 2-12 . Y ou use th is screen for entering and modif ying ope rator acco unt inf ormation.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Simple Bridge Config uration 2-23 Opera tor Priv ilege: Choice Fiel d ( A / O ). Designate th e privileges for the opera tor . A i s for adm inistrator an d O is fo r operato r . Bridge operators ca n be set up w ith either Admini strator o r Operator privil eges.
2-24 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Adding Bridge Information Y ou should pr ovide genera l device inf ormation for your bri dge the first time you set it up.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Simple Bridge Config uration 2-25 Syst em Con ta ct: T ext Field. Enter the na me of the perso n who is responsible for the bri dge. Th is is a s tring of 1 to 16 char acters. Chang es to this f ield a re only sa ved duri ng a b ridge reset, an d take effect from t hen on.
2-26 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Saving And Maki ng Changes Effec tive Some of the changes yo u can make to the br idge ar e not saved if you simply l og off. However , not al l fields require a bridg e reset to save them an d make them effe ctive.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Simple Bridge Config uration 2-27 Erasing Al l Changes If you wan t to erase all the changes made to th e bridge si nce loggin g on, simp ly lo g off the bridg e. How ever , if y ou wa nt to erase all the changes ever made to t he bridge, you must initi alize NVRAM (Non V olatile Ran dom Access Memory) and re set the bridge .
2-28 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Logging Of f The Bridge Selec ting L OGO UT from the Main Me nu w ill log you off the bridge and return you to the displ ay you h ad be fore logg ing on . Any c hanges tha t hav e bee n made sinc e log ging on wi ll be erased.
DUA1860-0A AA01 IP Addres s Config uration 2-29 IP Addr ess Conf iguration This section describes how to assign an IP addr ess to the bridge. When the br idge has an IP ad dre ss, you can r emotel y manage it via T elnet, and will not need to go thr ough the LinkB uilder MSH .
2-30 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Bridge Connec tions The T eln et proto col is used for remote ly lo gging on to a de vice. The fo llowi ng requ irements must be m et for remote login: ■ Y ou mus t have an accoun t on the hos t and yo u must kn ow the operato r ID and passwo rd for t hat account.
DUA1860-0A AA01 IP Addres s Config uration 2-31 Setting Up Remote Acce ss Ini tiall y , the b ridge has no IP addres sing infor mation. When set up, the IP ad dress iden tifie s the bri dge . The IP Addres ses scree n is used for se tting u p an IP address for th e brid ge so that oth er devices can co mmunicate with its man agement agent.
2-32 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Active IP Addre ss: Display Field. Th e bridge's cur r ent IP addr ess. A line of dashes indicates tha t no IP addre ss has been assigned to the bridge . Subn et Mask: Di splay Field . The bridge' s curr ent subnet mask.
DUA1860-0A AA01 IP Addres s Config uration 2-33 Static Rou tes If you are u sing a r outed netwo r k, you wi ll need to ente r a default gateway to ensure remote comm unication with th e brid ge. A more resilien t ne twork can b e se t up by defi ning a set of static routes .
2-34 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Item: T ext Field. The number of a config ured st atic rout e or 0 (to enter a new r oute). Stati c routes ar e sorted by IP addr ess and assigned number s according to th eir po sitions in the so rted list .
DUA1860-0A AA01 IP Addres s Config uration 2-35 Prefere nce: T ext Field . A whole number fr om 0 to 255, designat ing the ra nk to be assigned t o the ro ute specif ied by the DESTIN A TION HOST and GA T EW A Y fields. 0 re presents t he most desi rable rout e, 255 repr esents the le ast desirabl e route.
2-36 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Assignin g Host Na me / IP Address Pairs Y o u can assign symb olic names ( host n ames ) fo r devices th at can communi cate with or from the bridge . If a d evice has an IP addr ess, a host name can be assigned to it.
DUA1860-0A AA01 IP Addres s Config uration 2-37 IP Addre ss: T ext Field. Enter the IP ad dress for t he device. It mu st be in d ecimal and of the f orm nnn.nn n.nnn.nnn. Cha nges to this fiel d are only saved durin g a bridge r eset, and take ef fect from then o n.
2-38 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Using PING T o T est Connections The PING ( Packet Inter Net Gr oper) prog r am checks for a valid connectio n to a network device.
DUA1860-0A AA01 IP Addres s Config uration 2-39 Select PING from the App lications menu. The Ping Se t ting s screen appears, as sho wn in Figu re 2-1 9 . Enter the IP addr ess or host n ame of the r emote device a nd confirm the packet si ze and timeout parameter s (modify the se only if necessary).
2-40 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 The Ping scr een appears, as shown in Figure 2-20 , after the informa tion for the Pin g Settings scr een has been supplie d. The Ping scr een immediately sta rts displaying st atus messages when infor mation is r eceived.
DUA1860-0A AA01 IP Addres s Config uration 2-41 Packets Recei ved: Display Field. The numbe r of ICMP echo r esponse messages that have been receive d from the destination addr ess. Minimu m: Display Field . The shortest amo unt of time (in milli seconds) t hat elapse d between sendi ng an IC MP echo r equest and rece iving an ICMP ech o respon se.
2-42 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 T elnet Log On T o Another IP Device From The Bridge The bri dge has T elne t capabili ties, al lowing you t o remo tely log on to an IP de vice. This is especially us eful for logging on to othe r LinkBui lder MSH 4 Port Brid ge Modules.
DUA1860-0A AA01 IP Addres s Config uration 2-43 ■ If the Remo te Connec t screen appears, as sho wn in Figu re 2-2 1 , you are allowed to T elnet ou t from the bridge. En ter the hos t name or IP addr ess of the device you want t o log on to . If you use a host name, it must appear i n t he bridge 's host table.
2-44 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 T al king T o Ano ther Br idge User The bri dge can accept two users, on e local and on e remot e. If both user s ar e pre sent, they can exch ange message s via the Ch at scr een.
DUA1860-0A AA01 IP Addres s Config uration 2-45 T elnet Susp ension Y ou ca n sus pen d you r T e lnet sessi on from th e bri dge at a ny t ime . Y ou m ay wan t to do this if you want to retur n to the bri dge b ut stay conne cted to the remot e device.
2-46 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 SNMP Conf iguration This sect ion de scrib es co nfigura tion of the SNMP agent on the bridg e. When the SNMP age nt has been configur ed, SNMP appl icatio ns can obtai n infor mation fr om it about the bridge.
DUA1860-0A AA01 SNMP Con figuration 2-47 T raps An SNMP agent can send messages, traps , when except ional events occur . T raps include the na me of the communi ty involved in the ev ent. They ar e sent to an IP addr ess that you define for each communit y duri ng conf igurati on of the agent.
2-48 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Config uring Basic Comm unity Characteri stics Select CONFIG URA TION from the Main Menu and then NETWORK PROTOCOL f ro m the Confi guration menu. Select SNMP fr om the Networ k Pr otocol men u to get the Conf igure SNMP menu.
DUA1860-0A AA01 SNMP Con figuration 2-49 Authentication Failu re T rap: T ext Field ( e / d ). En abl e or disa ble the auth entication failu re trap for the SNMP agent.
2-50 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 Access: Te x t F i e l d ( r/o / r/ w ) . Enter the access mode for the communit y's MIB vie w . The ef fect this has on operat ions permi ssible for t he community depends on the AC CESS: in th e MIB def initi on of the obje ct.
DUA1860-0A AA01 SNMP Con figuration 2-51 Config uring Communit y T r aps Sele ct COMMUNITY TRAPS fr om the Co nfigur e SNMP menu. The SNMP C ommunity T rap Conf igurati on screen appea rs, as shown in Figure 2-25 , displaying the exi sting community name (confi gured in the SNMP Comm unity Basic Config uration screen).
2-52 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01 IP Addre ss / H ost Nam e: T ext F ield . Th e ho st to w hi ch t raps pertaini ng to th e commu nity nam e are to be se nt. Spec ify eith er an IP ad dr ess in the dott ed decima l notat ion (nnn. nnn.
DUA1860-0A AA01 SNMP Con figuration 2-53 Enab le: Te x t F i e l d ( y / n ). Ente r y to enabl e, o r n to disa ble the Authentica tion Fa ilure, Cold Start, I nterface Up , Interfa ce Dow n, New Ro ot and T opology Change tr aps.
2-54 C HAPTER 2: G ETTING S TARTED DUA1860-0 AAA01.
3 A DVANCED B RID GING This cha pter conta ins the follow ing top ics: ■ Spann ing T re e Con figura tion ■ Custo m Filter Co nfig urati on.
3-2 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Intr oduction This chap ter describes how to set up the b ridge's a dvanced feat ure s. I f you have not pr eviousl y set up the br idge, read Chapter 2.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Spann ing T ree Con figuration 3-3 Spanning T ree Bridge Conf iguration Select CONFIG URA TION from the Main Menu. Select BRIDGE S from the Con figuratio n men u. Sele ct SP ANNING TR EE from the Bridge s me nu. The Spa nning T ree scr een appear s, as sho wn in Figur e 3-1 .
3-4 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 ID: Displ ay Field. Th e identificat ion number for the b ridge. Th e ID number uniquely i dentifies ea ch bridg e. The number is a comb inat ion of the lo west Ether n et devic e addre ss on the br idge and a he xadecimal r epre sentation of the PRIORITY field.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Spann ing T ree Con figuration 3-5 Hello T ime: T ext Field. Ent er the hello time for the br idge. Th e hello t ime is the amount of time the br idge pauses bet ween sending spanning tr ee config uration C-BPDUs. The he llo time must be be tween 1 an d 10 seco nds an d must be lower than t he maximum ag e.
3-6 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Spanning T ree Port Configurat ion Sele ct SP AN NING PORT fr om the Brid ges menu. The Port Set tings scr een appears, as shown in Fi gure 3-2 . Y ou use this screen for editin g various port spann ing tree inform ation.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Spann ing T ree Con figuration 3-7 Port: T ext Fiel d. Enter t he name of the port who's spanni ng tre e paramete r s you want to chan ge.
3-8 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Path Co st: T ext Fie ld. Enter th e path cost. The path cost r epr esents the performance cost of sending inf ormatio n through a por t and measur es th e impact of sending p ackets thr ough the network.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Custom Filter Con figuration 3-9 Custom Filter Configuration Y ou ca n con trol the traffic tha t flow s throug h the br idge by usi ng the brid ge's custom filters. For examp le, you can pr event comm unica tion betw een s pec ific de vice s, and a llow only TCP/ IP comm unica tion be twee n speci fic br idge po rts.
3-10 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Setting Up A Host-to-Host Fi lter Set Select CONFIG URA TION from the Main Menu. Select BRIDGE S fr om the Configura tion menu. Select BRIDGE FIL TERS fr om the Bridge s me nu. The Bri dge Filt ers menu lists each filter opt ion.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Custom Filter Con figuration 3-11 Set Number: T ext Fiel d. Enter t he number of the f ilter set y ou want to set up. Y ou can use any numbe r fr om 1 to 32 but r emember that set number 1 is the absolu te exclusion set. Press [Return] to acce pt the set numb er .
3-12 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Saving Host-to-H ost Fil ters When you ha ve set up your fi lter sets, you must use the Fil t er Options scr een to save them. Exit from the Host-to-Host scr een and select FIL TER SWITCHES fr om the Bridge Fil ters menu.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Custom Filter Con figuration 3-13 Setting Up A Host-to-Port Filter Set Sele ct HOST -TO-PORT f r om the Br idge F ilters menu. The Ho st -to-Por t scr een appea rs, as shown in Figure 3-4 . Y o u use this screen for setti ng up a port's ho st-to-port filter set.
3-14 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Set T yp e: T ext Field ( inclusion / exclusion ). Ente r the filte r set's t ype. Y ou can def ine a filte r set by inclusi on or exclusi on. Enter inclusion t o defi ne the filter s et as inclu sion, or exclusion to defi ne the filter set as exclus ion.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Custom Filter Con figuration 3-15 Saving Host-to-Po rt Filters When you ha ve set up your fi lter sets, you must use the Fil t er Options scr een to save them. Exit fr om the Host-to -Port scr een and select FIL TER SWITCHES fr om the Bridge Fil ters menu.
3-16 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Setting Up A Port-to- Port Filter Set Selec t PO RT -TO-P ORT from the Brid ge Fi lters m enu. The Port-to -Port screen appears, as shown in Figure 3-5 . Y ou use this screen for settin g up a p ort's port-to- port filter se t.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Custom Filter Con figuration 3-17 Set Name: T ext Fi eld. Thi s is opti onal. En ter a name f or the f ilter set. The set name he lps you identify th e set. If you enter a n ame that is a lready used fo r a por t-to-port filter se t, that f ilter se t will be displa yed.
3-18 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Setting Up A Multicast-t o-Port Filter Set Sele ct MUL TICAST fr om the Br idge Fi lters men u. The Mult icast scr een appears, as shown in Figur e 3-6 . Y ou use this screen for setting up a port's multicast-to -port filter set.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Custom Filter Con figuration 3-19 Set Name: T ext Fi eld. Thi s is opti onal. En ter a name f or the f ilter set. The set name he lps you identify th e set. If you enter a n ame that is al ready used for a m ulticast- to-port fi lter set, th at filter se t will be di splayed.
3-20 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Setting Up A Pr otocol Filter Set Sele ct PROTOCOL f r om the Bridge Fi lters menu. The Pr otocol screen ap pears, as shown in Figur e 3-7 . Y ou use this screen for settin g up a protoc ol filt er set.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Custom Filter Con figuration 3-21 permit/d eny: T ext Field ( permit / deny ). Deno te whethe r you want the pr otocols list ed as members of th e filter set to be forwa rde d (permitted) or filter ed (denie d).
3-22 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Saving Protocol Filters When you ha ve set up your fi lter sets, you must use the Fil t er Options scr een to save them. Exit fr om the Pr otocol scr een and sele ct FIL TER SW ITCH ES f rom the Brid ge Fi lters men u.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Custom Filter Con figuration 3-23 Setting Up A Bit Filt er Sele ct BIT FI L TERS fro m the Bridge Filters menu. The Confi gure Bit Filters scr een appears, as shown in Figur e 3-8 . Y ou us e thi s screen fo r setting up bi t filte rs, of which you ca n have up to five i nput a nd five ou tput b it filters.
3-24 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Functi on: T ext Field ( O / I / A / Dn / En / n / S / H ). Enter O to choo se the outp ut filter ty pe, or I to choose th e input filter type . Pr ess [Return]. Th e NAME list wil l change to show exi sting fil ters of t he chosen type.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Custom Filter Con figuration 3-25 Byte Offset: T ext Fi eld. D efines the loca tion of t he beginnin g of V ALUE as t he number of b ytes fr om the be ginning of th e frame. It can be a nu mber fr om 0 to 58. For examp le, a byt e of fset of 12 lines up V ALUE with the Ethe rnet type f ield, a s s hown in Figur e 3-9 .
3-26 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Saving Bit Fil ters When you ha ve set up your bit filters, yo u can use the Configur e Bit Filters screen o r the Filte r Options screen to sa ve them. T o save b it filters wi th the Configure Bit Fi lters screen, enter S for the FUNCTI ON: field.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Custom Filter Con figuration 3-27 The Host F i ltering T able It can b e confus ing to know wh ich hos t-to-host and host-t o-port filter sets d evices are in. All d evices ent ered into th ese filter sets are adde d to th e br idge's hos t filt ering tab le .
3-28 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 T able Size: Displa y Fi eld. The n umbe r of de vice s in the ho st filterin g table (in cludin g the defa ult host). Add ht oh: T e xt Field. Enter the num ber of the host-to -host set you want to a dd the device to.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Custom Filter Con figuration 3-29 Saving Host F iltering T ab le And F ilter Se t Chang es Use the Fi lter Options scr een to save any chang es made. Exit fr om the Host Fi lter Info scr een and select FIL TER SWITCH ES from the Bridge Fi lters menu.
3-30 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Saving And T urning Filters On And Off Y ou will nee d t o turn bridge fi lters on for them to take ef fect. Y ou can turn them all on indivi dually or all at once. Sele ct FIL TER SWITC HES fr om the Brid ge Filters men u.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Custom Filter Con figuration 3-31 T o di sabl e all fil ter s: 1 Enter off for the FIL TERIN G ON/OFF field . 2 Reset the br idge. In all case s, resettin g the bridge causes the de sir ed filterin g to take effect. Any ch anges to fi lter sets that are in op eration, ta ke effect immedia tely .
3-32 C HAPTER 3: A DVANCED B RIDGING DUA1860-0 AAA01.
4 M ONITOR ING This cha pter conta ins the follow ing top ics: ■ Checkin g Bridge Statisti cs ■ Checki ng Port Acti vity ■ Vi ewing Eth ernet Stati stics ■ Checkin g User Access.
4-2 C HAPTER 4: M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Intr oduction This chapt er describes simpl e checks you can make at r egular interv als to ensure th e br idge a nd networ k are work ing as yo u intend . If yo u want inform atio n on o ther m onitoring screens, refer to Chapter 5 .
DUA1860-0A AA01 Chec king B ridge Sta tisti cs 4-3 Checking Bridge Statistics Selec t MO NITOR ING from the Ma in Me nu. Select BRI DGES from the Mon itoring menu. Select BRIDGE ST A TIST ICS from the B ridges menu. The Br idge S t atisti cs screen a ppears, as sho wn in Figure 4-1 .
4-4 C HAPTER 4: M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Port State: Display Field. Displays the por ts and th eir pr esent state. Th e possible states ar e MOS , Forwarding , Blocking , Listening and Learning . The external por t may go into a di sconnected sta te ( DCONN ) when a segment ha s not been att ached, or a transc eiver module is not fitted.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Chec king B ridge Sta tisti cs 4-5 Learning means that t he port is one step cl oser to bridging packets. Since th e active topolo gy may still be changing , a por t in this stat e rec eives packet s but does not bridg e them.
4-6 C HAPTER 4: M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Pkts Filter : Display Field. The number of packets filt er ed by the bridge . Fwd : Disp lay Fi eld. Th e numbe r of pack ets forw arded by the bridge . Also coun ts flo oded pack ets. Floo d: Displ ay Field.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Chec king B ridge Sta tisti cs 4-7 Ther e ar e thr ee major observat ions you can make fr om the Bridge Stat ist ics s creen: ■ Note the status of each port. Y ou can che ck the status of each port to see if it is abnorma l. ■ Note the overall traffic.
4-8 C HAPTER 4: M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Checking Port Activ ity Y ou can moni tor individu al bridge port acti vity for more specific traffic inform ation if yo u sus pect a problem wi th a p ort. Sele ct BRIDGE PORT ST A TS fro m the Bridges menu.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Checking Port Activity 4-9 A ve ragin g: Display Fiel d. This field disp lays whether the aver agin g fea ture has b een tur n ed on or off . I f it is on , the numbe r of packe ts or bytes disp layed on th is screen reflect avera ges pe r second .
4-10 C HAPTER 4: M ONITOR ING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Listening means tha t the port is preparing to enter th e active topol ogy . At this point t he port is not used for br idging packet s, but C-B PDUs are received and transmitted on it, and it i s includ ed in the spa nning tr ee calculati ons.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Checking Port Activity 4-11 Pkts Filter : Display Field. The number of packets filt er ed by the port. Fwd : Disp lay Fi eld. Th e numbe r of pack ets forw arded by the port. A lso counts fl ooded packets. Floo d: Displ ay Fiel d. The number of pack ets floo ded by t he port , r egar dless of wheth er they ar e filter ed by ports.
4-12 C HAPTER 4: M ONITOR ING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Viewing Ethernet Statistics Y o u can use the Ethernet S tatistics sc reen to check for susp ected hardware problems on a port. Select MO NITOR ING from the Ma in Me nu. S elect P HYSICAL INTERF ACES fr om the Mo nitoring m enu.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Viewing Ethernet Statist ics 4-13 Recei ved Bytes: Display Fi eld. The num ber of bytes r eceived by the por t. Packets: Display Fiel d. The numbe r of packets r eceived by the port. Multica sts: Display Fie ld. Th e number o f multicast packets received by the por t.
4-14 C HAPTER 4: M ONITOR ING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Overflow: Display Field . Due to except ional lo ading condi tions, the brid ge has become overload ed and packet s have been lost. Buffer: Display Field. Due to except ional loa ding condi tions, th e bridge ha s beco me overl oad ed an d pa cket s hav e be en l ost.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Viewing Ethernet Statist ics 4-15 Deferrals: Display Field. Th e total n umber o f defe rrals on this port. Carrier Loss: Displ ay Field. During a transmi ssion, carrier lo ss was detected. Underflow: Display Fi eld. Due to exceptional loading co nditions, the brid ge has become overload ed and packets have be en lost.
4-16 C HAPTER 4: M ONITOR ING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Checking User Access Sele ct MONITORI NG fro m the Mai n Menu. Selec t SYSTE M from the Moni toring men u. Select LOGIN HISTORY fr om the System menu. The Login History scre en appear s, as shown in Fig ure 4-4 .
DUA1860-0A AA01 Chec king U ser Acc ess 4-17 Number of unsu cces sful log ins : Disp lay F ield. The n umbe r of logins since the las t brid ge reset. An un suc cessfu l login can result fr om an incorrect entry of an o perator I D or passwor d.
4-18 C HAPTER 4: M ONITOR ING DUA1860-0 AAA01.
5 F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITOR ING This cha pter conta ins the follow ing top ics: ■ Genera l Help ■ Conf igurati on ■ Monit oring ■ Vi ewing Node T able In formation ■ Viewin g UD .
5-2 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 General Help Select GENERA L HELP from the Main Menu. The Gene ral Help scree n appears, pr oviding infor mation on ho w to contr ol the VT100 bri dge management scr eens. When you ar e looking at a scr een or menu, you can obtain help by t yping ? at the pr ompt.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Config uration 5-3 Configuration Downloading Softwar e Upgrades Select CONFIG URA TION from the Main Menu. Select SYST EM fr om the Configura tion menu. Sel ect BOOT/LOADER INFO fr om the S ystem men u. The Boot /Loader In f o scr een appear s, as shown in Figur e 5-1 .
5-4 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Gateway IP Address: T ext Field. I f you'r e on a r outed networ k, you will need to enter the IP ad dress of a suit able gateway thr ough which the serv er can be ac cessed.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Config uration 5-5 ■ Softw are does not download The Boot Block User Int erface appe ars, as shown in Figur e 5-2 , pr omptin g you to change down load inform ation. Y ou can d o one of two things : ■ Change the do wnload inf ormation Enter 1 to update down load para meters.
5-6 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 The Permane nt Database Upto 1000 entrie s in the f ilteri ng database can be mad e perman ent. Permane nt entr ies ar e non-vo latile and wi ll not age. Entries can be adde d, de leted or transferred.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Config uration 5-7 Port Name: T ext Field. The port you wan t to make the dev ice perman ent for . Change s to this fiel d ar e saved immediate ly . Reset the bridge f o r the chan ge to take ef fect. T otal Entries: Displ ay Field. Th e total numbe r of permanen t entries in the fi ltering d atabase .
5-8 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Delete Permanent Entry Select CONFIG URA TION from the Main Menu. Select BRIDGE S fr om the Configura tion menu. Select PERMANE NT DA T ABASE fr om the Bridges menu. Sel ect DELETE ENTRY from t he Permane nt Database menu.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Config uration 5-9 T ransfer Permanent Entries Select CONFIG URA TION from the Main Menu. Select BRIDGE S fr om the Configura tion menu. Select PERMANE NT DA T ABASE fr om the Bridges menu. Sel ect TRANSFER ENTRI ES from the Permanent D atabase m enu.
5-10 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Editing ARP Infor mation ARP Parameter s Select CONFIG URA TION from the Main Menu. Select NETWO RK PROTOCOL fr om the Conf igurati on menu. Select AR P from the Networ k Pr otocol menu.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Config uration 5-11 Add ARP Entry Select CONFIG URA TION from the Main Menu. Select NETWO RK PROTOCOL fr om the Conf igurati on menu. Select AR P from the Networ k Pr otocol menu. Select ADD ENT RY fr om the ARP menu. The Add ARP Entr y scr een appears, as shown in Figur e 5-8 .
5-12 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Delete ARP Entry Select CONFIG URA TION from the Main Menu. Select NETWO RK PROTOCOL fr om the Conf igurati on menu. Select AR P from the Networ k Pr otocol menu. Select DELETE ENTRY fr om the ARP menu.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Config uration 5-13 Changing TCP Character i stics Select CONFIG URA TION from the Main Menu. Select NETWO RK PROTOCOL fr om the Configur ation menu. Select TCP from t he Networ k Pr otocol me nu. The TCP Pr otocol Settings scr een appears, as shown in Figur e 5-10 .
5-14 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Changing T elnet Characteristics Select CONFIG URA TION from the Main Menu. Select NETWO RK PROTOCOL fr om the Configur ation menu. Select TELNET fr om the N etwork Pr otocol menu.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Config uration 5-15 Nego tiate disp lay options : T ext Field. Ca uses the local system to dis play a tran scrip tion of the negot iatio n of virtua l term inal option s. This ne goti ation ta kes pl ace regardless of th e value of this pa rameter , which controls the di splay of the transcript ion only .
5-16 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Port Queuing Select CONFIG URA TION from the Main Menu. Select SOF TWARE QUEUES fr om the Config uration menu. The Sof twar e Queues scr een appears, as shown in Figure 5- 12 . Do not change th e defau lt values of 14 (f or MA X SI ZE) a nd 10 (for MAX LIFE ).
DUA1860-0A AA01 Monitor ing 5-17 Monito ring Viewing General Bridge Informat ion Sele ct MONITORI NG from the Mai n Menu. Selec t SYSTE M from the Moni toring men u. Select SYS TEM INFO from the Syst em menu. The Gene r al System Inf ormation screen appears, a s shown in Figur e 5-13 .
5-18 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 A vailabl e Buf fers: Displa y Field. The number of b uffer s currently free in the bridge. This nu mber cha nges o ver time . Syst em T ype: Displa y Field. Th e type of br idge.
DUA1860-0A AA01 View ing Node T able Informat ion 5-19 Viewing Node T able Information Node T able B y Addres s Selec t MO NITOR ING from the Ma in Me nu. Select BRI DGES from the Mo nitoring menu. S elect N ODE T ABLE/AD DRESS from the Bridge s me nu.
5-20 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Node T able By H ash Bu cket Selec t MO NITOR ING from the Ma in Me nu. Sele ct BRI DGES from the Moni tori ng menu. Sel ect NODE T ABLE/HASH fr om the Bri dges menu. The N ode T able B y Hash Bucket scr een appe ars, as shown in Figure 5- 15 .
DUA1860-0A AA01 View ing Node T able Informat ion 5-21 T otal Entries: Displ ay Field. Th e total numbe r of entries in the filter ing data base. Y ou can have 4953 entries (a dditio nal to th e perman ent entri es). Starting Hash Value: T ext Field. The fi rst valu e of the subset you want to displ ay .
5-22 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 - indic ates that the add ress has n ot yet app ear ed at the port as a source address during the current agein g time i nterval. Whe n the ageing time inter val expi res, entr ies set as - ar e discarded.
DUA1860-0A AA01 View ing Node T able Informat ion 5-23 Viewing Socket Statist ics Sele ct MONI TORING f rom the M ain Menu . Select N ETWORK PROTOCOL fr om the Monitoring menu. Sel ect SOCKET ST A TISTICS from the Networ k Protocol men u. The Sock et Statistics scr een appear s, as shown in Figure 5- 17 .
5-24 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Proto: Display Fi eld. The ty pe of pr otocol in use at the l ocal addr ess displayed in t he local addr ess column. Recv-Q: Display Field. Th e number of byt es of data tha t have been r eceived a nd ar e in the so cket buff er wai ting to be deliv ered.
DUA1860-0A AA01 View ing Node T able Informat ion 5-25 FIN_WAIT_1 which means that the soc ket is closed a nd the connect ion is bein g closed. CLOSING whic h mea ns tha t the loca l sock et has clos ed a nd is awaiti ng remot e shut down ac knowledge ment.
5-26 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Viewing UDP Statistics Sele ct MONI TORING f ro m the M ain Menu . Select N ETWORK PROTOCO L from the Mo nitor ing men u. Sele ct UDP S T A T ISTICS fr om the Network Pr otocol menu.
DUA1860-0A AA01 V iewing U DP St atis tics 5-27 Input Pac kets: Display Fiel d. The total number of UD P packets r eceived b y the syst em. ( udpInDatagrams in the M IB.) No Receive Port: Display Fi eld. The number of UDP packet s discar ded by the system because ther e was no appli cation at t he destin ation pr otocol port.
5-28 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Viewing TCP Information TCP Da ta Sta tistic s Sele ct MONI TORING f ro m the M ain Menu . Select N ETWORK PROTOCOL fr om the Monitoring menu. Sel ect TCP ST A TISTICS fr om the Network Pr otocol menu.
DUA1860-0A AA01 V iewing U DP St atis tics 5-29 duplic ate acks : Display Field. The number of fr ames re ceived where the TCP ACK bit was set and the Ackn owledg ement number was the same as the pr eviousl y received AC K. acks for unsen t data: Display F ield.
5-30 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 discarde d for ba d head er offset fi elds: Display Field. The numbe r of packet s receiv ed th at we re disca rded beca use the heade r offset i s inv alid. discarded because pkt too short: Display Fiel d.
DUA1860-0A AA01 V iewing U DP St atis tics 5-31 TCP Co nnect ion St atist ics The TCP Connection Statisti cs scr een appea rs, as sho wn in Figur e 5-20 , a fter the T CP Data Statistics screen. Y ou use this screen fo r viewin g stat istics on a bridge 's TCP (T ransmis sion Cont rol Protocol) activity .
5-32 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 emb ryonic conn ection s c losed: Display Fi eld. The num ber of connect ions wher e a FIN followed a SYN SY N-ACK sequence without an A CK to th e SYN-ACK . segments updated rtt: Display Field .
DUA1860-0A AA01 V iewing U DP St atis tics 5-33 Viewing IP Statisti cs Sele ct MONI TORING f rom the M ain Menu . Select N ETWORK PROTOCO L from the Mon itoring m enu. Select IP ST A T ISTICS from the N etwork Pr otocol menu. The IP Stati stics scree n appears, as shown in Figur e 5-21 .
5-34 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 with size smaller than m inimum: Display Fiel d. The number o f TCP packets r eceived wher e the size of the pac ket is too small. with data size < data length: Display F ield.
DUA1860-0A AA01 V iewing U DP St atis tics 5-35 packets were fragmented on transmit: Display Field. Th e number of f ragments the bridge trans mitted . The FRAGMENTS CREA TED subcoun t (in bra ckets) shows the nu mber of fragmen ts this bri dge created , as opposed to t hose that it simply forwar ded.
5-36 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Viewing ICMP Packet Statistics Sele ct MONI TORING f ro m the M ain Menu . Select N ETWORK PROTOCO L from the Mo nitor ing men u. Sele ct ICMP ST A TISTICS fr om the Network Pr otocol menu.
DUA1860-0A AA01 V iewing U DP St atis tics 5-37 destina tion un reacha ble: Display Fi eld. The number of ’desti nation unr eachable’ m essages sent (output ) and r eceived (inpu t). When a node recei ves an IP pack et that it cannot forwar d to its de stination, it sends a ’desti nation unr eachable’ message to the se nding n ode.
5-38 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 time st amp re ply: Display Field. The number of ’ time stamp r eply’ message s sent (output ) and r eceived (input). ’T ime stamp r eply’ is an an swer to a ’t ime stamp’ r equest.
DUA1860-0A AA01 V iewing U DP St atis tics 5-39 Viewing SNMP Information SNMP Stat ist ics Sele ct MONI TORING f rom the M ain Menu . Select N ETWORK PROTOCOL fr om the Monitoring menu. Sel ect SNMP ST A TISTIC S fr om the Network Pr otocol menu. The SNM P Statistics scre en appears, as shown in Fi gure 5- 23 .
5-40 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Get Requ ests: Display Fi eld. The number of GET r equests r eceived by t he SNMP agent. Get Next Requests: Display Field. The number of GET -NEXT r equests r eceived by the SNMP ag ent.
DUA1860-0A AA01 V iewing U DP St atis tics 5-41 Out Bad Values: Display Field. Th e number of messages sent by the a gent tha t contained t he val ue ’badV alue’ in t he er ror -status field. These messages r espond to r equests that contain invalid values.
5-42 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 SNMP Authenticatio n Statistics The SNMP Aut henticati on Statist ics scr een appears, as shown in Figure 5- 24 , af ter t he SN MP Sta tist ics s creen. Y ou use thi s screen for view ing ac cess errors detected by the bridge 's SNM P agent.
DUA1860-0A AA01 V iewing U DP St atis tics 5-43 Viewing ARP T ables Sele ct MONI TORING f rom the M ain Menu . Select N ETWORK PROTOCOL fr om the Monitoring menu. Sel ect ARP T ABLES from the N etwork Pr otocol menu. The ARP T ables screen appear s, as shown in Figur e 5-25 .
5-44 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Line: Displa y Field. The line number of the entry . IP Addre ss: Display Field.
DUA1860-0A AA01 V iewing U DP St atis tics 5-45 Viewing Diagnostic Inf ormation Error Lo g Select MONIT ORING from the Main Menu. Sele ct DIAGNOSTI CS from the Monitori ng men u. Selec t ERROR LOG fr om th e Diagnost ics menu. The Err or Log scre en is shown in Fi gure 5-26 .
5-46 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Interacti ve Diags Select MO NITORIN G from the Main Me nu. Sele ct DIAGNO STICS from the Moni toring m enu. S elect IN TERAC TIVE DIAG S from the Diagnost ics menu. The Int eractive Di ags screen appe ars, as shown in Figur e 5-27 .
DUA1860-0A AA01 V iewing U DP St atis tics 5-47 Buf fer Mem Check : T ext Field. This verifi es the memory buf fers. Each time the test is perfo rmed, it will ran domly allocate a buffer of memo ry to verify . Clear Err or Log Select MONIT ORING from the Main Menu.
5-48 C HAPTER 5: F URTHER C ONFIGURATION A ND M ONITORING DUA1860-0 AAA01.
6 P RO B L E M S OLVING This cha pter conta ins the follow ing top ics: ■ Spot Ch ecks ■ Using The LEDs For Fault Diagnosis ■ Correc ting Prob lem s ■ Remov ing And Rep lacing Equi pment ■ S.
6-2 C HAPTER 6: P RO B L E M S OLVING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Spot Che cks This ch apter expla ins how to check for pr oblems and sol ve them. It is goo d practice t o carry out r egular che cks of your LinkB uilder MSH equi pment. Check the followi ng: ■ LEDs Pr ess the LAMP TEST but ton, on th e LinkBuil der MSH's Di splay Panel .
DUA1860-0A AA01 Using The LEDs For Fa ult Diagnosis 6-3 Using The LEDs For Fault Diagnosis The LEDs o n the front o f the m odule indicate b ridge activity and faults: ■ PWR (Powe r) Green on - Norm al: power p resent, self-test co mpleted succe ssfu lly and bridge ope ratin g norma lly .
6-4 C HAPTER 6: P RO B L E M S OLVING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Corr ecting Problems By worki ng thr ough this section, yo u should be abl e to isolate faults or f ind some possible ca uses and r ecommended acti ons. Netwo rk Proble ms Symptom : Network communi cation pr oblems.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Correcting P roblems 6-5 ■ If no other act ion works , there may be a problem with the othe r bridg e's conf igura tion. Erase the other bridge 's paramet ers. Remember , this will erase a ll confi gurations e ver made to i t.
6-6 C HAPTER 6: P RO B L E M S OLVING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Colli sion P roblems Symp tom: Excessi ve co llisi ons on an Ethe r net port. Action: ■ Check t hat your network is no t too long or too la rge. ■ Check t hat ther e are not too many repe aters on your network.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Correcting P roblems 6-7 SNMP P roblems Symptom: Canno t establi sh comm unicati on via SNMP . Action: ■ Check t hat you have an IP address en ter ed. If you cannot PING or T elnet th e bridge, check the IP addr ess and defaul t gateway addr ess.
6-8 C HAPTER 6: P RO B L E M S OLVING DUA1860-0 AAA01 Removing And Replacing Equipment Inserti ng additional modu les or a second Po wer Supply Uni t into an ac tive L inkB uilde r MSH, kno wn as hot i nsert ion, s hould not cause any damag e to your equipment.
DUA1860-0A AA01 Spare s 6-9 Spar es We reco mmend that you have one spa re modul e or Power Supply Unit f or ev ery ten in use. In the un likely event th at you shoul d have pr oblems with th e LinkBuil der MSH, you sho uld swap the faulty item w ith a spare.
6-10 C HAPTER 6: P RO BL E M S OLVI NG DUA1860-0 AAA01 What T o Do Next If any of your Link Builder MSH equipme nt fails to oper ate correctly , contact you r supplier wi th the fo llowing informatio .
A L INK S ETTINGS The L inkBu ilder MSH 4 Port Ether n et Bri dge M odule has a lin k, LK1, for resett ing its conf igurati o n to def ault values, see Figu re A-1 . Figur e A-1 The Loca tion O f The Link W AR NING: This method of r esetting the mod ule has the same effe ct as init ializing NVRA M via the VT1 00 management interface.
A-2 C HAPTER A: L INK S ETTINGS DUA1860-0 AAA01 We recommend that the link method is only u sed when VT100 managemen t is no t possible, for example, when you've for gotten your passwo rd, as t his method invo lves physically r emoving and installi ng the modul e twice.
B T ECHNICAL I N FORMATION The L inkBu ilder MSH 4 Port Ether n et Bri dge M odule con forms to the fo llowing standar ds: Elect rica l ■ IEEE 802.3, ISO DIS 8 802/3 Safety ■ EN 60 950 (BS 7 002) .
B-2 C HAPTER B: T ECHNICAL I NFORMATION DUA1860-0 AAA01 MIB ■ IETF Brid ge MIB (RF C 1 286) ■ RFC 1 213 (MIB II ) and RFC 122 9/1239 exte nsions.
C T ECHNICAL S UPPORT 3Com provi des ea sy acce ss to tech nica l support in formati on through a varie ty of services. This app endix de scribes the se services.
.C- 2 A PPENDIX C: T ECHNICAL S UPPORT DUA1860-0 AAA01 Ask3Com on CompuServe Ask3Co m is a CompuS erve-bas ed service con taining pat ches, softwar e, drivers, an d technica l articles ab out all 3Com prod ucts, as we ll as an inter acti ve for um for te chnic al qu estio ns.
DUA1860-0A AA01 .. 3Com Doc umentat ion on CD-ROM C-3 ■ NetFacts provid es da ta sh eets and te chni cal artic les on 3C om Corpor ation’ s hub, bridge, r outer , termina l server , and softwar e pr oducts. Documen t 8888 pr ovides you with an index of system pr oduct documents .
.C- 4 A PPENDIX C: T ECHNICAL S UPPORT DUA1860-0 AAA01 Support fr om Y our Networ k Supplier If a dditional assistance is re quir ed, co ntact you r network supp lier .
DUA1860-0A AA01 .. Returnin g Products for Rep air C-5 Returning P rod ucts for R epair A pr oduct sent di rectly to 3Com for r epair must fi rst be assigned a Retur n Ma terial s Auth oriza tion (R MA) n umber . A product sent to 3Com without an RMA n umber wi ll be returned to the se nder uno pened , at the sen der ’ s expe nse.
.C- 6 A PPENDIX C: T ECHNICAL S UPPORT DUA1860-0 AAA01.
I NDEX Numerics 3ComBBS C-1 3ComFacts C-2 A access, u ser 4-16 active loops 1-16 Add ARP Entry scr een 5-11 Add Permanent En try screen 5-6 adding bridge inf ormation 2-24 addin g perm anent entrie s .
2 Index DUA1860-0 AAA01 Checking for valid n etwork connectio n 2-38 LEDs, ca bling and modu les 6-2 port activity 4-8 user access 4 -16 Clear Err or Log screen 5-47 Cold Start trap 2-47 collis ion p .
I NDEX 3 DUA1860-0A AA01 H Hardw are Conf igur ati on s creen 5-2 2 hardware in itia lize A- 1 hash bucket 5- 20 help 5 -2 Host Fi lter Info scr een 3-27 host filt erin g ta ble 3- 27 savi ng change s.
4 Index DUA1860-0 AAA01 opera tor a ccounts editing 2 -22 setti ng u p 2-18 Operator Accounts sc reen 2-20 Operat or Login scr een 2-17 P packet stati stics 5-36 performance pr oblems 6-5 permanent da.
I NDEX 5 DUA1860-0A AA01 screen Host Fi lter Info 3-27 Host-to-Host 3-10 Host-to-Port 3-13 ICMP Packe t Stat istics 5-3 6 Init iali ze NO VRA M 2 -27 Interactive Diags 5-46 IP Addr esses 2-31 IP Host .
6 Index DUA1860-0 AAA01 ST AP 1-16 pr oblems 6-6 r oot bridge 1-17 starting a T elne t session 2-42 static ro utes 2-33 config uring 2-33 Sta tic Routes scr een 2-33 subnet m ask 2-31 suspendi ng a T .
R ADIO F REQUENCY I NTERFERENCE S TATEMENTS FCC Statement This equi pment has been teste d with a class A computi ng device and has been fo und to comply with part 1 5 of FCC Rules.
Inform ation T o The User If th is equipmen t does cause int erfer ence to ra dio or te levision r eception, whi ch can be determined by turning the eq uipment of f and on, the user is encou raged to try to correct the in terference by one or mo re of t he followin g measur es: ■ Reori ent the recei ving antenna .
L IMITED W AR RANTY HARDW ARE: 3Com warrant s its hardware pr oduc ts to be free from defects in workmanship and materials, under normal use and service, for the following lengths of time from the dat.
W ARRANTIES EXCLUSIVE: If a 3Com product does not opera te as warranted above, Customer 's sole remedy shall be re pair , r eplacement, or refund of the purchase price paid, at 3Com's option.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il 3Com DUA1860-0AAA01 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del 3Com DUA1860-0AAA01 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso 3Com DUA1860-0AAA01 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul 3Com DUA1860-0AAA01 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il 3Com DUA1860-0AAA01, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del 3Com DUA1860-0AAA01.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il 3Com DUA1860-0AAA01. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo 3Com DUA1860-0AAA01 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
