Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto SpW-10X del fabbricante Atmel
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Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 1 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Ref: UoD_SpW-10X_UserManual Atmel Part No.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 2 Document Change log Date Issue Comments Author 19 th -March-2004 Issue 1.0 Initial draft version Chris McClem ents 26 th -August-2004 Issue 1.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 3 guidelines. Section added on anomali es and warnings. Section added on Technical Support. 20 th January 2008 Issue 3.1 Corrections and example schematic improved.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 4 CONTENTS CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 5 5.3 EXTERNAL PORT DA TA SIGNALS ............................................................................................ 37 5.4 TIME-CODE SIGNALS .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 6 8.1.2 Auto-S tart ..................................................................................................................... .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 7 9.5.5 Time-Code Register ............................................................................................................. ..
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 8 12.2.7 External Ports ................................................................................................................. .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 9 15.16 ISSUE 1.2 TO ISSUE 1.3....................................................................................................... 15 4 15.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 10 I LIST OF FIGURES F IGURE 2-1 S TAND -A LONE R OUTER ...................................................................................
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 11 F IGURE 8-8 A RBITRATION OF TWO PACKETS WITH DIFF EREN T PRIORIT Y (1) .......................................................... 89 F IGURE 8-9 A RBITRATION OF TWO PACKETS WITH DIFF EREN T PRIORIT Y (2) .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 12 F IGURE 13-5 L INK D ISCONNECT W AVEFORMS ..............................................................................................
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 13 T ABLE 9-6 S PACE W IRE P ORT C ONTROL /S TATUS R EGISTER F IELDS . ................................................................... 113 T ABLE 9-7 E XTERNAL P ORT C ONTROL /S TATUS F IE LDS .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 14 1. INTRODUCTION This document is a tech nical reference for the i mplementation and operation of the SpW-10X SpaceWire Router device (Atmel part number AT7910E).
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 15 VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator VDD Drain Voltage (power pin of SpW-10X de vice) VSS Source Voltage (ground pin of SpW-10X device) WR Write 1.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 16 2. USER APPLICATIONS The SpW-10X SpaceWire router device may be used in several different ways as described in the following sub-se ctions.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 17 2.2 NODE INTERFACE The SpaceWire Router has two external ports which enable the device to b e used as a node interface. The equipment to be co nnected to the SpaceWi re network is attached to one or both external ports.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 18 Instrumen t 1 Instrumen t 2 Instrumen t 3 Instrumen t 4 Memory Unit Processor SpW ‐.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 19 SpW ‐ 10X Ro u t e r SpW ‐ 10X Ro u t e r Spac eWire Por t s Figure 2-4 Expanding.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 20 Figure 2-5 Expanding the number of SpaceWire Ports (2) Figure 2-5 shows two SpW-10X rout er devices interconnected u sing two of the SpaceWire port s on each router.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 21 3. FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW A SpaceWire routing switch comprises a number of SpaceWire ports and a ro uting matrix.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 22 Ex t e r n a l P or t O u tp u t FI FO Inp ut F I F O Cr o s s b ar Sw i t ch Co n tr.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 23 written to or read from synchrono us ly with the 30MHz system clock. An eight-bit data inte rface and an extra control bit for end of packet m arkers are provided by each e xternal port FIFO.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 24 The crossbar switch connects an input port to an out put port allowing data to flow f rom the input port to the output port. Severa l input ports may be co nnected simultaneou sly to several output port s all passing da ta.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 25 4. PIN LOCATIONS The SpaceWire router packag e is a 196 pin MQFPF package. Type definition: - 3V3..................... ............3 .3 Volt power - GND.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 26 18 DINMinus(1) PFILVDSZPB SpW port 1 input data - 19 SINPlus(1) PFILVDSZP SpW port 1 .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 27 58 VSSB GND Ground 59 VDDB 3V3 Power 60 DINPlus(5) PFILVDSZP SpW port 5 input data + .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 28 98 VSSB GND Ground 99 VDDB 3V3 Power 100 EXTOUTDATA9(0) PO44F External FIFO port 9 ou.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 29 138 EXTOUTDATA10(8) PO44F External FIFO port 10 output data 139 EXTOUTEMPTYN10 PO44F .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 30 178 EXTTIMEOUT(6) PO44F Time-code output 179 EXTTIMEOUT(7) PO44F Time-code output 180.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 31 5. DEVICE INTERFACE The device pins used by each interface are described in thi s section. There is a table for each type of interface listing the signals in that interf ace.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 32 Table 5-1 Global Signals PinNo Signal Dir Description Type 2 CLK In System clock. Provides the reference clock for all modules except the interface receivers.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 33 Table 5-2 Data and Strobe SpaceWire Signals PinNo Signal Dir Description Ty pe 24 23 DOUTPlus(1) DOUTMinus(1) Out Differential output pair, data part of Data-Strobe SpaceWire port 1.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 34 17 18 DINPlus(1) DINMinus(1) In Differential input pair, data part of Data-Strobe SpaceWire port 1. LVDS+ (P Side) LVDS - (N Side) 25 26 DINPlus(2) DINMinus(2) In Differential input pair, data part of Data-Strobe SpaceWire port 2.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 35 5.2.2 SpaceWire Input Fail Safe Resistors If a SpaceWire input be comes disconnected then no current flows through t he termination resistor.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 36 The bias resistor values ar e determined as follows: 1. Determine the amount of noise p rotection required. E.g. if the maximum noise voltage expected is less than 10 mV then the bias current re quired is I b =10 mV/100 Ω = 0.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 37 5.2.3 Operation with 5V Powered LVDS Devices WARNING Since LVDS is based on a current loop it should not matter what the sup ply voltage is to an LVDS device connected to the SpW-10X rout er.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 38 120 119 118 117 116 115 EXT9_IN_DATA(5) EXT9_IN_DATA(4) EXT9_IN_DATA(3) EXT9_IN_DATA(2) EXT9_IN_DATA(1) EXT9_IN_DATA(0) (8)(7......0) – Bits (0)(dddddddd) - Data byte (1)(XXXXXXX0) - EOP.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 39 146 145 144 143 EXT10_IN_DATA(3) EXT10_IN_DATA(2) EXT10_IN_DATA(1) EXT10_IN_DATA(0) (0)(dddddddd) - Data byte (1)(XXXXXXX0) - EOP. (1)(XXXXXXX1) - EEP.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 40 should be pulled down (e.g . 4k7 Ω ).
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 41 172 171 170 EXT_TIME_OUT(2) EXT_TIME_OUT(1) EXT_TIME_OUT(0) falling edge of EXT_TICK_OUT . The EXT_TIME_OUT(7:0) value is held until the next time-code is output.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 42 CLK RST STAT _MUX _OUT POR_SIGNALS 12 3456 78 STAT_MUX_OUT Inputs Outp uts Figure 5-2.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 43 Table 5-6 Reset Configuration Signal s Signal Dir Description Signal Typ e STAT_MUX_OUT(2 :0) [maps to -> POR_TX_RATE(2:0)] In Sets the transmitter maximum data rate after reset.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 44 up. ‘1’ => Timeout period is ~ 60-80 u s.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 45 Note: The recommended method for setting the POR signals i s to use external pull up/down resistors (e.g. 4k7 Ω ) in which case the timing of the POR signals is not criti cal.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 46 Figure 5-3 PLL with external components The PLL loop filter component values to be used are R = 10 k Ω C = 120 pF C0 = 3.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 47 6. INTERFACE OPERATIONS This section describes the operati on of the external FIFO po rt, time-code interface and sta tus/power on configuration interface.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 48 CLK 123456789 1 0 1 1 1 2 EXT_OUT_READ_Nx EXT_OUT_DATAx EXT_OUT_EMPTY_Nx DATA1 D ATA2 DATA4 DATA3 read read read Figure 6-2 External port read timing specification Reading of the External port is illustrated in Figure 6-2.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 49 SEL_EXT_TIME signal when EXT_TI CK_IN signal has a rising edge. If SEL_EXT_TIME is 1 then the EXT_TIME_IN(7:0) inputs are used to provide t he contents of the time-code.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 50 Table 6-1 Multiplexed Status Pins Bit Assignment Mux Address Status Register Stat us .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 51 Timeout Selection Enable Disconnect-on -silence Enable Start-on-Request Enable Self-A.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 52 7. SPACEWIRE ROUTER PACKET TYPES This section describes ho w the routin g control logic interprets packets. 7.1 PACKET ADDRESSES The routing control logi c interprets the first byte of e ach received packet a s the packet address.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 53 7.2 PACKET PRIORITY Each packet which is inpu t to the router has an asso ciated prio rity level, either as a result of the packet address or the internal routing table.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 54 Table 7-3 Packet Header Deletion Ma pping Packet Address Header Deletion Physical Por.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 55 7.5 DATA PACKETS Packets which have addresses in the range 1 to 255 are routed to the SpaceWire po rts and the external ports dependent on the pack et address.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 56 Table 7-4 Supported RMAP Command Codes RMAP Command Code Description Supported in Spa.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 57 Table 7-5 Read Single Address Chara cteristics Action Supported/ Not Supported Maximu.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 58 Table 7-6 Read Single Address Command Packet Fields Field Description Bytes Config Port Address The configuration port address field rout es the packet to the configuration port of the router.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 59 Length one 32 bit register location.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 60 Protocol Identifier The RMAP protocol identifier value 01h. 1 Command Byte Read single address re ply command byte. The packet type bits in the command byte indicate this packet is a response pa cket.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 61 Table 7-8 Read Incrementing Address Characteristics Action Supported/ Not Supported M.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 62 In Figure 7-5 the first byte received by the SpaceWir e router configuration logic is the po rt address followed by the destination logical addre ss.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 63 Destination Key The destination key identifier must ma tch the contents of the destination key register, see section 9.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 64 In Figure 7-6 the format of the reply to a read in crementing address co mmand is illustrated. The first byte sent by the SpaceWire router confi guration logic is the port addres s followed by the destination logical address.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 65 Command Byte Read incrementing address reply command byte. The packet type bits in the command byte indicate this packet is a reply packet.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 66 32-bit read-modify-write S 4 No 64-bit read-modify-write NS - - Word or byte address .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 67 Table 7-12 Read-Modify-Writ e Command Packet Fields Packet Field Description Bytes Config Port Address The configuration port address field rout es the packet to the configuration port of the router.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 68 Mask Length 4 bytes for the mask to modify a 32-bit register. Header CRC The header CRC used to detect erro rs in the header part of the command packet.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 69 In Figure 7-9 the format of the reply to a Read- Modify-Write command is illustrated. Th e first byte received by the SpaceWire router configuratio n logic is the port address followed by the destination logical address.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 70 logical address SpaceWire router doe s not have a logical addres s. Transaction Identifier The transaction identifier identifies the command packet and repl y packet with a unique number.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 71 The RMAP write single addre ss, with data verify and acknowle dgement command is supp orted in the SpaceWire router. The RMAP write com mand is used to write a 32 bit value into one of the SpaceWir e router registers.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 72 Command Byte The command byte indicates a write single add ress, with verification and acknowledgement packet. The Source pa th address length field s are set to the number of source path addresse s re quired as defined in section 7.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 73 In Figure 7-11 the format of the reply to a write command i s illustrated. The first byte sent by the SpaceWire router configuration logi c is the port address followed by the destination logical address.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 74 address Transaction Identifier The transaction identifier identifies the command packet and repl y packet with a unique number.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 75 packet is corrupted Early EOP The command packe t was terminated early with an EOP.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 76 incrementing read 4. The data len gth is not 4 in a verified write command. 5. The data len gth is not 8 in a read modify write command.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 77 7.6.9 Source Path Address Field The RMAP command field “source path add ress l ength” indicate s the number of sou rce path addresses which are expe cted in the packet.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 78 Figure 7-12 and Figure 7-13 illustrate how source path addresses are returned in relation to the RMAP packet description.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 79 8. CONTROL LOGIC AND OPERATIONAL MODES In this section the SpaceWire router control logi c a nd operational modes a re defined.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 80 8.1.4 Link-Disable The SpaceWire port ca n be disabled therefo re rendering the link unusable.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 81 DOUT SOUT DIN SIN Connection m ade Data T ransfer Disconnect Deac tivated Deac tivate.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 82 3.3 V 2850 Ω 20 k Ω R T =100 Ω 16 k Ω Vd d 2850 Ω 91 µA 87 µA 12 µA 99 µA 190 µA 3.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 83 () () 2 * 1 10 2 * 20 100 10 1 ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ + ⎟ .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 84 The columns header TXRA TE give the SpaceWire tran smit data rate obtained for various settings of the TXRATE field in a SpaceWire port control register.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 85 8.2.1 Start on request mode The Start on Request mode is enabled by setting the CFG_START_ON_RE Q bit in the router control register.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 86 R1 R2 12 12 Auto-Start default mode and Start on Request enabled and Disable on Sil e.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 87 dependent on the previous input port whi ch had acce ss to that output port. The next input port to transfer data to an output port i s the next highest port number (m odulo number of port s) that has data to send.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 88 8.3.2.2 Arbitration of packets with matching priority (2) In the Figure 8-7 another e xample of arbitrating betw een packets with the same priority i s illustrated.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 89 8.3.2.3 Arbitration of packets with different priority (1) In the Figure 8-8 arbitration of packets with different priority is illustrated.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 90 8.3.2.4 Arbitration of packets with different priority (2) In Figure 8-8 another example of arbitration of packets with different priority is illustrated.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 91 R1 2 5 1 3 52 4 52 R1 2 5 1 3 52 4 Two p acket s w aitin g to us e port 5 (Pre vious .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 92 8.3.3 Group Adaptive Routing The SpaceWire router routing table can be set up to suppo rt group adaptive routing of packets. Setting the routing table contents is described in section 9.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 93 R1 1 2 3 4 5 6 76 Group adapti ve routin g pa cket wit h addre ss 76 arri ves at port.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 94 then a packet that that is addressed to go out of the same port that it arrived on will be disca rded and a packet address error recorded.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 95 8.3.5 Packet Blocking The Time-Out Enable bit (bit 0) of the router contro l register en ables the watchdog timers on the ports. When this bit is set and the watchdog timers a re enabled the router i s in “Watchdog Timer” mod e.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 96 In blocking allowed mode the network p ath is blocke d until the destination node start s to accept data again. Packets waiting to use the net work path will wait indefinitely.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 97 R1 1 2 3 4 5 6 (c) R2 14 2 3 5 6 4 4 Figure 8-16 Destination Node Block e d (c) Watch.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 98 1 2 3 4 5 6 (c) 14 2 3 5 6 4 4 E E P R1 R2 Figure 8-19 Destination Node Block e d: Watchdog Mode (c) d) The packet waiting at routing switch R1 port 2 is rout ed and the network blo ckage is cleared.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 99 R1 1 2 3 4 5 6 (a) 4 5 R2 14 2 3 5 6 4 4 Figure 8-21 Source Node Stalled (a) b) The p.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 100 R1 1 2 3 4 5 6 (a) 4 5 R2 14 2 3 5 6 4 4 Figure 8-25 Source Node Stalled: Watchdog M.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 101 8.3.5.3 Waiting for an output port When a packet arrives at an input p ort of the SpW-10X router is has to wait t o be forwarded to an output port.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 102 WARNING Packets can timeout and be spilled in a SpaceWire network without the destination receiv ing any notification of this. Packets with errors (e.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 103 9. REGISTER DEFINITIONS This section describes the internal confi guration registers of the SpW-10X Route r.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 104 registers allow the router manageme nt control and status information to be accessed by a networ k manager using configuratio n commands.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 105 Table 9-2 Configuration Register Address es Address Register 31–0 ( 0x0000 001F–.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 106 configuration memory address range of the GAR table is 32-255 (0x0000 0020 – 0x0000 00FF).
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 107 Table 9-3 GAR Table Register Description Address Range: 32-2 55 (0x0000 0020 – 0x0000 00FF) Bits Name Reset Value Description Read/Write 0 RESERVED ‘0’ Reserved bit – always set to zero.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 108 WARNING Care must be taken when setting a the routing tables to avoid a possible infinit e loop.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 109 Bits Name Reset Value Description Read/Write 28:24 Current port connectio n All bits set to one. The current port connection bits indi cate the input port which this output port is currently conne cted to.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 110 Table 9-5 Configuration Port Control/Status Register Fields Bits Name Reset Value De.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 111 14 Invalid Register Address ‘0’ The invalid register address bit is set wh en an.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 112 9.4.3 SpaceWire port contro l/status register bits. The port control/status fields specific to Spac eWire ports are sho wn in Figure 9-3 and Table 9-6.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 113 Table 9-6 SpaceWire Port Control/Status Register Fields. Bits Name Reset Value Description Read/Write 0 Error active ‘0’ The error active bit is set when one of the error bits are set.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 114 SpaceWire port will wait until the other end of the link tries to make a connection and wil l then automatically start.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 115 9.4.4 External port control/status register bits. The port control/status fields specific to the External port are described in Table 9-7.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 116 De v i c e T y pe 0 73 84 Ret urn P ort P ort s i n run stat e 31 Figure 9-4 Network.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 117 Table 9-9 Router Identity Register Fiel d Bits Description Reset Value Usage Read/ W.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 118 Table 9-10 Router Control Register Fields Bits Name Reset Value Description Read/ Write 0 Watchdog Timer Mode / Blocking Allowed Mode Set by the input signal POR_TIMEOUT_EN_N .
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 119 the link using autostart or the link is started by configuration command then the port will not be disconnected on silence. Events which cause the disconnect on silence timeout to be reset are • Input port data read.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 120 WARNING The default timeout intervals of 60-80 µs or 1.3 ms are short. It may be necessary to increase the timeout interval by a configuration command writi ng to the router control register.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 121 Table 9-11 Error Active Register Fields Bits Name Reset Value Description Read/Write 0 Configuration Port Error Active ‘0’ Indicates that the Error Active bit in the configuration port is assert ed.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 122 Table 9-12 Time-Code Register Fields Bits Name Reset Value Description Read/Write 5:0 Time Value All bits set to zero 6-bit time-cod e value R 7:6 Time-Code Flags “00” Two time-code flags R 31:8 Not used All bits set to zero R 9.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 123 9.5.7 General Pu rpose Register The general purpose register addre ss is 262 (0x0000 0106 ). The general purpose register co ntains 32-bits and m ay be set by a configuration write com mand to a user defined value as required.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 124 Table 9-14 Time-Code Enable Register Fields Bits Name Reset Value Description Read/Write 0 Reserved 0 Reserved bit R 8:1 SpaceWire Time-Code Enable 0 Time-code distribution ena ble bits for SpaceWire ports 8 to 1 respectively.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 125 WARNING If a SpaceWire port that is being used to configu re a router has its transmit clock turned off then it will not be possible to configure th e router using that port.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 126 Table 9-15 Transmit Clock Control Re gister Bits Bits Name Reset Value Description Read/Write 1:0 TXDIV “01” Transmit clock internal PLL output divider.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 127 9.5.10 Destination Key Register The Destination Key register add ress is 265 (0x0000 0109). The destination key regist er fields are listed in the table below.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 128 10. SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS 10.1 CLOCK AND RESET TIMING PARAMETERS The global clock and asynchrono us reset timing parameters are listed belo w.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 129 Table 10-2 Serial signal timing parameters Description Symbol Value Units DS maximum.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 130 Table 10-3 External port timing parameters Description Symbol Value Units Write enab.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 131 EXT_TI CK_OUT T TCLKOL T TCLKOH EXT_TIME_OUT T TCLKOE T TCLKOE Figure 10-5 Time-Code Output Interface TIME_CT R_RST T TCKIL T TCLKIH Figure 10-6 Time-code TIME_CTR_RST interfa ce The Time-code timing parameters are shown below.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 132 Table 10-5 Status Multiplexer timing parameters Description Symbol Value Units Statu.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 133 10.6 LATENCY AND JITTER The timing parameters for the data and time-cod e latency and the time-code jitter are derived f rom the receive clock, tran smit clock and system clock period.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 134 SpaceWire port to SpaceWire port Last bit of data into recei ver to last bit of data.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 135 10.6.5 Time-code Jitter The variation in time to propagate a time-code throug h a routing switch.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 136 11. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The electrical characteri stics for the Spac eWire router are defined in this section 11.1 DC CHARACTERISTICS The operating conditions are listed in Table 11-1.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 137 11.2 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS The absolute maximum ra tings are listed in Tabl e 11-2. For a detailed li st of the maximum conditions see [AD3].
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 138 12. APPLICATION GUIDELINES In this section an example circuit diagra m is provided and PCB and design guid elines presented.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 139.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 140 12.2 PCB DESIGN AND LAYOUT GUIDELINES PCB design and layout guide lines are p rovided in this section. 12.2.1 CLK 1. Series termination should be used on the CLK signal.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 141 2. LVDS fail safe resistors need not be adj acent to the termination resistor. Their l ocation is not critical but the stub lengths to the te rmination resistors should be less than 20 mm.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 142 12.2.10 PLL See Figure 12-1 the inte rnal wiring of PLL bloc k to better understand the external board recommended layout.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 143 13. ANOMALIES AND WARNINGS In this section a list of anomalies and warnings i s provided: 13.1 ANOMALIES The following anomalies ar e present in the prototype SpW-10X router device: 1.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 144 WARNING The deactivate mode (see also section 9.4.3) does n ot tri-state the LVDS outputs. Th e LVDS outputs are cold-spari ng and when disabled both outputs in an LVDS differential pai r are pulled up to 3.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 145 WARNING Packets can timeout and be spilled in a SpaceWire network without the destination receiv ing any notification of this. Packets with errors (e.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 146 set a glitch may occur on d ata and strobe, see Figu re 13-3. A simu ltaneous transition or glitch on data and strobe may occur when reset is release d, Figure 13-4.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 147 13.3.2 Data Strobe Disable Waveform If a SpaceWire link is disabled, eith er by configur ation command or a disconnect, parity, escape or credit error, the final bit of strobe will be extended to a 100 ns p eriod pulse.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 148 13.4 PARITY ERROR ANOMALY 13.4.1 Parity Error Action A parity error on the SpaceWire link causes the lin k to be disconnected by the SpaceWire router.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 149 Figure 13-7 No error end of pack et inserted after parity error 13.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 150 14. TECHNICAL SUPPORT Technical support for the SpW-10X Router is p r ovided by STAR-Dundee Ltd. A rang e of SpW-10X evaluation boards is available along with other test equipme nt, cables etc.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 151 15. DOCUMENT CHANGES 15.1 ISSUE 3.3 TO ISSUE 3.4 Section Ref Change 13.1 13.4 Parity error anomaly added to the list of anomalies. Details of parity error anom aly added.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 152 5.7.4 VCO bias resistor va lue corrected (Section 5.7.4). 8.1.5 Tri-state mode changed to deactivate mod e. Calculation of deactivated power consum ption added.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 153 details throughout document. Section added on Application Guidelines giving example circuit diagram and PCB layout guidelines. Section added on anomali es and warnings.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 154 15.9 ISSUE 2.1 TO ISSUE 2.2 Section Ref Change 4 ASIC pin locations 15.10 ISSUE 2.0 TO ISSUE 2.1 Section Ref Change 15.11 ISSUE 1.7 TO ISSUE 2.
Ref.: UoD_SpW-10X_ UserManual Issue: 3.4 SpW-10X SpaceWire Router User Manual Date: 11 th July 2008 Preliminary 155 15.17 ISSUE 1.1 TO ISSUE 1.2 Section Ref Change 6.3, 6.4, 6.5 Table 6-3, Table 6-4, Table 6-5 FPGA timing data added 15.18 ISSUE 1.0 TO ISSUE 1.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Atmel SpW-10X è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Atmel SpW-10X - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Atmel SpW-10X imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Atmel SpW-10X ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Atmel SpW-10X, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Atmel SpW-10X.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Atmel SpW-10X. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Atmel SpW-10X insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
