Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto A032 del fabbricante Nokia
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Wireless LAN Access P oint Addendum.
ii Nokia A032 Addendum Copyright notices Copyright © Nokia Networks 2001. All rights reserved. Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation, Finland. Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000 and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Contents iii T able of content s Copyright notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii Introduction 5 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Scope . . . . . . . . . . .
iv Nokia A032 Addendum.
Introduction 5 1. Introduction Purpose This document has been written to serve as an addendum to the existing A032 user manuals. It does not attempt to replace any existing user manual, and is focussed on correcting errors and omissions from those manuals, and documenting features added in recent firmware updates.
6 Nokia A032 Addendum Terms, acronyms and abbreviations Term Meaning WLAN Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11 AP Access Point NAS Network Access Server UDP User-Datagram-Protocol RFC Request For Comments MT Mobile Terminal (WLAN client) LAN Local Area Network WEP Wire-Equivalent Privacy WLAN Wireless LAN IEEE 802.
Access point parameters 7 2. Access point parameters This section describes the changes to AP parameters, and the use of newly added parameters. Table of parameters Refer to the A032 user guide for descriptions of how to use the management interfaces.
8 Nokia A032 Addendum beacon_interval n/a 100 1–65535 Beacon interval in mS dtim_interval n/a 5 1–255 Number of beacons between DTIMs tx_power n/a “high” “low”, “low1”, “low2”, “high” Access points transmit power level. By default, this is set to maximum, but may be reduced to suit applications with multiple APs.
Access point parameters 9 wep_mode WEP Advanced WEP “wep” This parameter determines the authentication policy of the AP: “open” Accept either WEP or open system “wep” MUST use WEP “wifi.
10 Nokia A032 Addendum wep_key WEP none 1–4, hex string Set default key 1–4 to the value hex string . Hex string is from 10 to 32 characters in length, according to the strength of wep key being entered. Web interface also allows keys to be entered in ASCII.
Access point parameters 11 zone_privacy Advanced Access Point “off” “on” or “off” If set to “on”, the AP blocks traffic from being passed directly between radio clients (this has the e.
12 Nokia A032 Addendum Radio parameters A number of new radio parameters have been added for the AP. As with all AP radio settings, they are only accessible via the command line interface. The new parameters and their functions are described in the following subsections.
Access point parameters 13 Beacon interval Sets the time interval between beacons in milliseconds. This defaults to 100ms – longer intervals reduce the amount of idle load on the radio interface, but may increase the time taken to join a network or roam.
14 Nokia A032 Addendum CCA mode This setting determines which CCA mode should be used. The modes are: Use caution when altering this setting, as an inappropriate CCA mode can prevent reliable reception.
Access point parameters 15 ED Absolute If set, this variable causes the ED threshold set by ‘set ed_threshold’ to be regarded as an absolute value. Otherwise the value is taken to be relative to the noise floor. Use caution when altering this setting, as in combination with certain CCA modes it can prevent reliable reception.
16 Nokia A032 Addendum 3. Minor functional changes Learn mode In this mode, only one of the interfaces is operational (either LAN or radio) – if the unit is started up with both a radio card and LAN connection, then the active interface will be radio, and the LAN connection ignored; otherwise, the connected interface will be used.
Minor functional changes 17 SNMP changes The A032 enterprise traps have been updated since the previous issue of the user manual. The following are now generated: Trap Name Description 1 A032 Authenticate fail Generated in the event that a station tries to associate but is refused due to the fact that the NID Name security feature is enabled.
18 Nokia A032 Addendum WEP key lengths The A032 now has explicit support for 104 bit WEP keys. Some manufacturers have produced 802.11b clients using 104-bit WEP keys (usually marketed as being 128 bit). Creating a 104-bit key in the A032 should allow these clients to be used with their maximum key strength.
Radius operation 19 4. Radius operation Introduction This section describes the Nokia Radius client implementation. It provides sufficient detail to get third-party Radius servers to operate with the A032 Access Point. It describes frame formats and details of interactions between the AP and a Radius server.
20 Nokia A032 Addendum Technical information Radius overview Radius is a simple authentication protocol for remote clients. The name Radius comes from the words Remote Authentication Dial In User Service.
Radius operation 21 The traditional Radius system is meant to operate within a secure network, such as intranet, because it does not require much skill to capture radius packets and use faked packets to provide false authentication information. That’s why the WEP keys received from Radius server are encrypted.
22 Nokia A032 Addendum on the protocol specification. The protocol specification uses name Network Access Server (NAS) for the client of the Radius server.
Radius operation 23 Radius operation The use of a Radius server on the current AP range can be enabled using the web pages or via the command line, either through the serial port or via Telnet.
24 Nokia A032 Addendum The authentication procedure is initiated by the station, which sends Authentication Req MAC frame to the AP. The AP builds a Radius Access- Request containing a Radius user-nam.
Radius operation 25 the AP. If a WEP key has been stored in the Radius database for this station, it uses the Blowfish algorithm to encrypt the WEP key and includes this as a Vendor-Specific Radius attribute. Otherwise, no Vendor-Specific attribute is included.
26 Nokia A032 Addendum The encrypted WEP key is placed in the String field. This is formatted also like an attribute (type+length+string) but the type values are defined in this document. There are two formats for the Nokia-specific attribute: The format above has no mechanism for determining the length of the WEP key.
Radius operation 27 This uses a new type code and the attribute now contains the length of the WEP key in bytes expressed as a 2-character ASCII hex string in the range 05 to 10. When configuring a Radius server, the two strings shown above can be treated as a single 34-character hex string.
28 Nokia A032 Addendum Configuration To configure the A032 to use Radius authentication, carry out the following steps (the items within <> are user-specified, the other text must be typed as sh.
Radius operation 29 Because there are many different radius servers available, no specific configuration details can be given. However, the following general procedure can be used: 1 Set the Radius se.
30 Nokia A032 Addendum 5. DHCP operation Introduction This document describes the operation and configuration of DHCP on the AP. Server operation is essentially unchanged, other than the effects of revisions to the user interface to cater for client operation.
DHCP operation 31 Server operation The Server implementation is targeted at small installations (such as home use), and includes only a minimal feature set.
32 Nokia A032 Addendum • If the AP does not have a fixed IP address assigned to it, then it will claim one from the DHCP address pool during startup. • If the AP is put into radio learn mode, the DHCP server is automatically enabled, using either the default pool address or (if present) its own IP address as the pool base address.
DHCP operation 33 Client operation The DHCP client has been designed to ease integration of the AP into larger networks, and as such has a larger feature set than the server. The intention is to allow the DHCP protocol to be used to download a working configuration, enabling the management of all APs on a network to be handled centrally.
34 Nokia A032 Addendum Operational sequence When the DHCP client is enabled, the AP will first boot up into a limited operation mode, connected to LAN only, and begin the DHCP negotiation. During this phase, the AP will signal no radio operation on the LEDs.
DHCP operation 35 • DHCP response with no option string – AP will operate using its stored configuration, but with the IP address provided by DHCP. • DHCP response with option string and/or a configuration file reference – AP will accept the parameters given, and fill in the remainder from its stored configuration.
36 Nokia A032 Addendum If a DHCP frame is received containing a file reference, the AP will use TFTP to download and store it. See page 42 for details of the TFTP download, but note that, in this case.
DHCP operation 37 Accepting dynamic IP addresses Using a DHCP client implementation allows the AP to be offered an IP address according to one of the following schemes: • Automatic addressing – the server allocates the address, but offers it indefinitely.
38 Nokia A032 Addendum DHCP standard options The following tables list AP parameters and their availability via DHCP. These are the standard DHCP options and their option codes: Parameter DHCP option code Default value Default gateway 3 none Subnet mask 1 255.
DHCP operation 39 DHCP Vendor class options All other AP configuration items require private option codes for vendor-specific option processing. These are packaged into DHCP option 43, using the encapsulated option format described there. The following table lists the remaining AP configuration items and their option code and format within DHCP.
40 Nokia A032 Addendum Long retry 22 1 15 value Telnet port 30 2 23 value (2 octets) HTTP port 31 2 80 value (2 octets) Protocol filter 32 1 0 1 (discard all non-TCP/ IP frames) or 0 (no filtering) Management access 40 max.
DHCP operation 41 The AP requests this parameter list by sending a Vendor class identifier (DHCP option) with the DHCPREQUEST/DISCOVER frames. This will comprise the option code (60), length (10), and the ASCII text “Nokia A03x”.
42 Nokia A032 Addendum TFTP download DHCP may also be used to notify the AP of a filename to use for a download. The AP will parse this, if present, and use TFTP to request the file specified.
DHCP operation 43 DHCP Web pages DHCP configuration page The configuration page simply displays (and allows changes to) the five DHCP configuration entries.
44 Nokia A032 Addendum DHCP status page (server) DHCP status page (client).
TFTP config.txt file 45 6. TFTP config.txt file The TFTP config.txt file has been restructured in line with the changes to configuration. The following example illustrates the current format: /Config.
46 Nokia A032 Addendum /*%nat_port: off %community_get: "public" %community_set: "private" /*%radius_server: 1 0.0.0.0 /*%radius_server: 2 0.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Nokia A032 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Nokia A032 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Nokia A032 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Nokia A032 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Nokia A032, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Nokia A032.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Nokia A032. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Nokia A032 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
