Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto Router AI2524 del fabbricante Applied Innovation
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AISwitch TM AI2524 Router User’s Manual App lied I nn ovati on In c. August 1997.
AI252 4 Router User’s Manual AISw itch TM.
Applied In novation Inc. AI2524 Router User’s Manual August 1997 Refe rence 2524UM.
AI2524 Router Us er’s Manual Au gus t 1997 2524UM Copyright Not ice Copyri ght © 1983-1 997 by Ap plied Inno vation Incorpor ated (AI I). The material discussed in this manu al is the p ropr ieta ry pr op er ty of A II . A II r et a ins a l l ri ghts to reprod u ct ion and distribution of this documen t.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual August 19 97 TOC -1 2524UM Conten t s Cha pter 1 : Int rod uction .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 1-1 Docu men tation Ov erview ..
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual TOC -2 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Com ma nd M odes . .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ............. 4-3 User EXEC Mode Comm ands .... . . . .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual August 19 97 TOC -3 2524UM Use S etup a fter Fir st-Ti me Startup .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ . . . . . . ........ 5-19 Use t he Stre amlined Se tup F a cility ...... ........ ........ .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual TOC -4 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Gener ate a Defau lt Rou te ... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .............. 8-7 Confi gur e Looku p of DN S Names .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual August 19 97 TOC -5 2524UM Example: Dyn a mic Routing in O ve rlapping Areas .. ........ ........ ........ ........ ....... 9 -13 Exam ple: Dy namic In terdom a in R outing . ........ ........ . ..... . ..... . .....
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual TOC -6 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Confi gure Mis cel l aneou s TA RP P DU Infor mation ...... ........ ........ ........ ........... 9 -64 Monitor and Mai ntain the TARP Protocol ... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual August 19 97 TOC -7 2524UM Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Configuration Steps .. .. . ........................ .. . ................. .. . ...12-1 Intro duction . ........ ........ ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual TOC -8 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Subst itute Addresses in a Local X.25 Rout .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .... . ....... 12-39 Confi gur e X O T Alt ern a te Destinations .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual August 19 97 TOC -9 2524UM Confi gur e LA PF Par am eters ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ......... 13-12 Confi gure Fra m e Rela y Tr a ffic S h aping.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual TOC -10 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Chapter 15: 56/64-kbp s Switched and Digit al Dat a Services (DD S) In terface Config- urat io n S te ps .. ... .... . .... ... .... . .... ... .... . .... ... .... . .... ... .... . ....
Chapt er 1: Introduc tion August 19 97 Page 1-1 2524UM Chapter 1: Introduction Documen tation Overview This ma nu a l d ocu ments the use a nd opera tio n of the A I2524 in an AISwitch system.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 1-2 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Chapter 8 AI25 24 Pro tocol Co nfigurat ion Steps This chapte r de scribe s h ow to co nfigur e th AI25 24 for OSPF TCP/ IP, I GR P TCP /IP, and RIP T CP/IP .
Chapt er 1: Introduc tion August 19 97 Page 1-3 2524UM Chap ter 18 System Erro r Mess ages This chapter contain s a link to the A I2524/ Cisco IOS v. 11 .2 documentatio n CD . Chap ter 19 Debu g Co mm a nd Refe r ence This chapter contain s a link to the A I2524/ Cisco IOS v.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 1-4 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Contact Information To re gister doc um entati on, c on t act Ap p l ied I nn ov at i on Inc.
Chapt er 1: Introduc tion August 19 97 Page 1-5 2524UM Text Conventio ns Im portant c o nc ep t s t hr ou ghou t this ma nual are em p hasized with these specia l text styles : [Buttons ] Funct i on bu tton s that app ear on a scree n ar shown in reg ular body text and e nc losed in squar e brac kets.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 1-6 Au gus t 1997 2524UM [Optional Arguments] Some a rguments are opti onal. Th is means that you have the cho ice of in c lu ding them or not. Option al argumen ts are shown e nclosed in s q uar e bracke t s, w hi ch ar e not enter ed.
Chapt er 1: Introduc tion August 19 97 Page 1-7 2524UM Lab el s Labels are use d in diagrams to desig nat phys ic al c ompo nent s such a s jumper s traps, switches, and cable co nnector s.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 1-8 Au gus t 1997 2524UM.
Chapter 2: A I2524 Overview August 19 97 Page 2-1 AI2524UM Chapter 2: AI2524 Overview Introd uction This c hapter de s c ribes t h e C isco I OS s oftwar e fe atures a nd th e AI2524 hardware s pecificati ons.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 2-2 Au gus t 1997 AI2524UM RS-232 DTE or D CE, EIA-530 DTE, RS-449 DTE or DCE, O R V.35, DTE or DCE, up to E1 spe eds.
Chapter 2: A I2524 Overview August 19 97 Page 2-3 AI2524UM also provi des netw ork access t o terminals , printer s, work statio ns, and other net work s. On LANs, t erminal se rvices su p port Transmiss ion Control Protoc ol/ Inter net Protocol ( TCP/IP) on UNIX machines w ith Te lnet and r login connec tions.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 2-4 Au gus t 1997 AI2524UM Figur e 2-1:Remote Acc e ss Fu nctionality Figure 2-1 il lu st ra t es the fun ct i on s av ai la ble on a ccess servers: z Remo t e .
Chapter 2: A I2524 Overview August 19 97 Page 2-5 AI2524UM Management and Secu rity The Cisco IOS software prov ides an arr ay of network ma na gement and secur ity c apabilit ies. I ntegr ated m anage m en t simplifi es adm inis- trati ve procedu res and shorten s the tim e r equired to dia gnose and fix prob lems.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 2-6 Au gus t 1997 AI2524UM WAN protocols z Frame R elay z Hi g h -Lev el Data L ink C on trol (HDLC) z PPP z X.
Chapter 2: A I2524 Overview August 19 97 Page 2-7 AI2524UM Conne ctions External Connection Requirements The AI25 24 provides LAN and WAN access in a mod u lar router plat- form . The rout er includes an Ethe rnet (A UI or 10Bas eT) LA N c onnec- tion , and acc ommodates two sync hronous serial modules.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 2-8 Au gus t 1997 AI2524UM.
Chapter 3: Configur a tion Overview August 19 97 Page 3-1 2524UM Chapter 3: Configuration Overview Introd uction This ch ap t er pr o v ide s a br ie f o v erv i ew of th ree ways th at t he AI2524 ca.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 3-2 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 5. If a v alid con fig ura tion file is no t f o u nd in NV RAM, the router runs the System Confi guration Dialog so you can configure it man ually. Fo r nor mal route r opera tion, th ere must b e a va lid Cisco IOS i ma ge in F lash m emor y an d a c onfigur atio n file i n NVRAM.
Chapter 3: Configur a tion Overview August 19 97 Page 3-3 2524UM 3. After a fe w s econds you wi ll see t he user EXEC prompt (Router> . Enter t he enable c ommand to ent er en able m ode. You can only ma ke con figu rat ion changes in ena ble mode.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 3-4 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Save the Configu ration To make your ch anges per manent, e nter the copy running-con- fig startup-config comm and at the e nabl e p rompt: Router # co py r unning-c onfi g st artup-co nfi g The r ou ter is no w con fig ur e d and wil l boot with the configura tio n you entere d.
Chapter 3: Configur a tion Overview August 19 97 Page 3-5 2524UM z Which WAN protocols you w ill run on ea ch interface (for exam ple: Fr ame R elay, HDL C, SMDS , and X.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 3-6 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Use the Web Browser Inter f ace You can is sue mo st of the AI2524 commands using a W eb brow ser.
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-1 2524UM Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interface Introd uction This chap ter descri bes the feat u r es of the us er in t erfa ce.The AI2524 user inte rface p rovides ac cess to seve ral d ifferent comma nd modes.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-2 Au gus t 1997 2524UM featur e th at is disa b l ed by defaul t. For example, I P rout ing is enabled by defaul t. To di s able IP routing, s p ecify the no ip routing com - mand and spe cify ip routing to reenable i t.
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-3 2524UM Comman d Modes This s ecti on desc ribes how to access each of th e A I2524 com mand mod es , i nc l uding: z User EXEC Mode C.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-4 Au gus t 1997 2524UM config urat ion command. The fol lowing ta ble does not incl ude all o the pos sible ways t o access or exit ea ch com mand mode. For all comma nd modes, ty ping a qu estion mark (?) at the prompt will list th e commands av ailab le.
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-5 2524UM Command Mode Ac cess Metho d Pro mpt Exi t M e thod User EXEC Log in. Router> Us e the logo ut co mma nd. Pri vil eged EXEC From user EXEC mod e, type enab le (requires a pass wor d).
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-6 Au gus t 1997 2524UM User EXEC Mod e Commands After you log in to the rou ter or acce ss server, you are automa tically in user EX EC c ommand mode. The EXE C commands av ailable at th user level are a su bset of tho se available at the privile ged lev el.
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-7 2524UM Router > ? Exec c omma nds: <1-99> Sessio n nu mber to resum e connec t Op en a ter mina l connec tion discon nect Di.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-8 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Router > en able Passwo rd: Router # ? Exec c omma nds: bfe For ma nual emergen cy m odes set ting clear Re set functions clock Ma n.
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-9 2524UM You can also e nter ROM monitor mod e b y entering the re load EXEC comman d and then p ress ing <Break> durin g t he fi rst 60 sec- ond s of syst em s tartup.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-10 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Global Configuration M ode Commands Glob al c onfigu rati on comman ds apply to feat ures that affect the sys- tem as a whole . Use the configure privi leged EXEC c ommand to enter glob al configurat ion mo de .
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-11 2524UM Router # co nfig ure Config urin g fr om termi nal, memory, or network [terminal]? Enter configura tion comman ds, one per line.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-12 Au gus t 1997 2524UM tn3270 tn3270 configu ration comma nd userna me Establ ish User Name Authentica tion vines Vines global configuration command s X.25 X.25 L evel 3 xns XNS gl obal configu rati on c ommands Interface C onfiguration Mode Commands Man y fea tures are enabled on a per- interf ace ba sis.
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-13 2524UM Router (con fig) # interf ace seria l 0 Router (config- if)# ? Interf ace configuration commands: access -exp ress ion Build .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-14 Au gus t 1997 2524UM transm itte r-de lay Set de ad-t ime after transmitting a datagram tunnel protoc ol-over- protocol tunneli ng tx-que ue-l imit Config .
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-15 2524UM Router (con fig) # interf ace seria l 2 Router (config- if)# enc apsulati on f rame-re lay Router (con fig- if)# int erfa ce seria l 2.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-16 Au gus t 1997 2524UM This e xample displays how a ro uter is c onfigure d to s upport the Rout- ing Info rm ation Protoco l (RIP) .
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-17 2524UM Route-Map Con figuration Mode Use t he route-m ap con figura tio n mode to config ure routing table and sou rce and des tina tion informa tion. In t his exam ple, a route map named arizon a1 is con figured.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-18 Au gus t 1997 2524UM In this exa mple, an IP a ccess li st n amed fl ag is cre ated an d the com - mands avai lable in access-l ist configuration mode are listed.
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-19 2524UM Warning: When using cont ext-sensit ive hel p, the space (or lack of a spa ce) b efore th e questio n mark (?) is signi ficant.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-20 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Router # co ? config ure conn ect copy z Enter the con figur e command follo wed by a space a nd a ques- tion mark (?) to list the com.
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-21 2524UM Router (con fig) # access -lis t 99 ? deny Sp ecify pa cket s to rej ect permit Sp ecify pa cket s to for ward z Enter the de ny keyword f ollowed by a ques tion mark (?) to list addi tional o pt ions: Router (con fig) # access -lis t 99 den y ? A.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-22 Au gus t 1997 2524UM The help out pu t shows that the set key word is r equired. C h eck the syn- tax for enteri ng the t ime: Router # cl ock set ? hh:mm: ss Curren t ti me Router # cl ock s e t Enter the curr ent time: Router # cl ock set 13:3 2:00 % Incomplete comman d .
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-23 2524UM Enter the year us in g the c orrect s yntax and pres s < Ent er> to execut the co mmand.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-24 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Editing F eatures The c urren t soft ware rel ease i nc lu de s a n en han ce d e di ti ng m ode that prov ides a set of ed iting key f unc tion s similar to tho se of the Emacs edit or.
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-25 2524UM Reca ll the nex t b uffer e n try. The bu ffer c ontains only th e last 10 items you have delet ed o r cut. If you press <E sc- Y> mo re than 10 tim es, you will cyc le ba ck to the first buffer en try.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-26 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Edit Command Li ne s that Wrap The Cisc o I OS software assumes th at you have a terminal screen that is 80 characters wid e. I f y our t erm inal d ispla ys a d iffer e nt nu mber of charact ers on each li ne, use the terminal width com mand.
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-27 2524UM Web Browser In terf ace You can issue most of the AI2524 commands using a Web brow ser. This AI25 24 featu re is accessed by using the Web Br owser i nterface, whic h i s ac cess ed fr o m t h e route r 's h o me page.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-28 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Access Your Router's H o me Page Per f o rm these st eps to ac ce ss the home page for yo ur ro u ter or access server : 1. Enter the na me of the rou ter o r ac cess s erver in the URL field o f your We b br o w ser an d pres s <En ter >.
Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interf ace August 19 97 Page 4-29 2524UM Issue Commands Usi ng the Web Browser Interface To issue comman ds usi ng the Web B rowser interfa ce, click Monitor the rou ter in the first l ist o f hy per text links o n the h ome pag e.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 4-30 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Enter Commands Usin g the Command Field Entering t he command in the com mand field is ju st like e nte ring it at a termin al console . If y ou are uncerta in of the opt ions availa ble for partic ular com mand , ty pe a questio n ma rk (?).
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-1 2524UM Chapter 5: Using AutoIn stall Introd uction Thi s cha pter prov ides i nformation about A utoIns tal l, a proce dure that al l ow s y ou t o co nfi g u re a n ew route r au tom atic all y and d y namically.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-2 Au gus t 1997 2524UM AutoIns tall Requirement s The AutoInsta ll proc ess i s design ed to config ure the router a uto mati- call y after connection to your W AN.
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-3 2524UM 3. An IP add ress -t o -hos t name mapp in g fo r t h e n ew ro ut er mus t b e added to a Domain Naming Sys tem (DNS) dat abase file.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-4 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Use a DOS-Based TFTP Server AutoIn sta ll over F r ame Relay and ot her W AN encapsu lat i ons support downlo ading config ur atio n files from UNIX-based and DOS-based TFTP ser vers.
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-5 2524UM How AutoIn sta ll Works Once the requ ir ements for using AutoIn st all are m et , the dynami c con- figura tion of th e ne w rout er oc curs i n t h is or der: 1. T he new router a cquires its IP a ddre ss .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-6 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Figur e 5-1:Using SLARP to A c quir e th e N e w Rout er's IP Address z In respo nse to BOOTP or RARP requ ests, an IP a ddress is sent fro m the B OOT P or R ARP serv er to n ewrout er.
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-7 2524UM Figur e 5-2:Use B OOTP or R ARP to Acq ui re the New Router's IP Addr ess AutoIn stall over Frame Re lay is a special case in that the ex isting router a cts as a BO OTP se rver an d res ponds to th e incom ing BOOTP re q ue st .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-8 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Figur e 5-3:Dynamically Resolve the Ne w Router's IP Ad- dr ess-to- Hos t Nam e Map ping.
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-9 2524UM The networ k-confg fi le is a c onfigur ati on file gene ra lly sh ar ed b y sev- eral r out e rs . In this case, i t map s th e IP a ddr ess of t h e n ew router (jus t obta ined dynamica lly) to the name of t he new router .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-10 Au gus t 1997 2524UM When u sing AutoIns tall o ver F ra me Rel ay, y ou a re pu t in to se tup mode while the Au toInst all pr o cess is runn ing. If the c onfig uration file is successfully installe d, t he set up p rocess i s termin ated .
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-11 2524UM Perform the AutoIns tall Procedure To dy namically c onfi g ure a ne w r o uter us ing Auto Install , complete these tasks. S teps 1, 2, and 3 are c omple ted by the ce nt ral administra- tor.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-12 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 4. O p tio na l ly, co nfi gure a DCE clock rate for t he serial lin e , unless an exte rnal cloc k is bei ng use d. This s tep is needed o nly f or DCE appl iques . clock rate bps 5. T o ex i t con f igurati o n mode, pre ss <Ctr l-Z>.
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-13 2524UM 5. Save the configurat ion file t o your star tup conf igurat ion. This step saves t h e con f igu r ation t o NVRAM. copy running-config startup-config Typi ca lly , the loca l-ar ea n e twork (LAN) in terface and IP add ress ar alrea dy conf igured on the ex isting rou ter.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-14 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 4. Enter an IP address f or the in terface. T his ste p sets t he IP address of the exis ting r outer. ip address address mask 5. Co nf i gur e a he lp er addr e ss fo r the TFT P s erver.
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-15 2524UM 1. Enable TFTP on a server. Cons ult your hos t ve ndor's TFTP serve docum ent atio n and R FCs 9 06 and 783. 2. If y ou want to use a n etwork-c onfg or c isconet.c fg file to resolve the new router 's name, create th e network -conf g or ci scone t.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-16 Au gus t 1997 2524UM net t o con n ect t o th e new r ou ter from t h e exist in g route r and use the setup f acility to config ure the r est of th e interfac es. For exampl e, th line in t h e ne twork- c onfg or ci sc on et .
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-17 2524UM 2. If RARP is to be used to resolv e the ne w router 's IP address, con- figure your R ARP server. R efer to y our hos t vendor 's manual pages a nd t o RF C 903. This ex ample host configu ratio n file contains the mi n imum set of command s needed for A utoInstal l using RARP.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-18 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Note: Verify th at the existing and new ro uters and/or access servers a re conne cted before e ntering th c opy running-config startup-config EXEC com ma n d to s a ve co nfig ura tion c ha ng es .
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-19 2524UM Use Setup f or Configu ration Changes The setup co mman d fac ilit y is an i nteractive fa cil ity that al lows you to perfo rm first -time confi guration and o ther b as ic configu rat ion proce- dures o n all ro uters.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-20 Au gus t 1997 2524UM provid es you with a high -level vie w of th e config uration and guides you through the conf igu rat i on c hang e process.
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-21 2524UM Note: If any problems ex ist with the config u ration fi le po inted to in NVRAM , or i f the ig nore NVRAM bit is set in th conf igu ration re gis te r , th e router en te r s t h e streaml ined setup c omm a nd faci lity .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-22 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Config ure Async lines? [yes ] : Async l ine speed [9600]: 576 0 0 Configu re f or H W flow c ontr ol? [yes] : Configu re f or m odems.
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-23 2524UM Apple Talk startin g ca ble range [2] : Apple Talk ending cable ra nge [2]: Apple Talk zone na me [ ZZ S erial]: AppleTal k ad ditional zone .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-24 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Default cli ent I P addre ss f or this interface [172.16.72.19] : The fo llow ing configuration command script was created : hostna me.
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-25 2524UM applet alk cable-ra nge 2-2 2.2 applet alk zone ZZ Seri a l ipx ne twor k 2 no mop enabled ! Interf ace Async 1 ipx ne twor k 4 ip unn umbered Ethernet0 async defa ult i p address 172.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-26 Au gus t 1997 2524UM ! Interf ace Async 9 ipx ne twor k C ip unn umbered Ethernet0 async defa ult i p address 172.16.72. 1 2 async mode interac tive ! Interf ace Async 1 0 ipx ne twor k D ip unn umbered Ethernet0 async defa ult i p address 172.
Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall August 19 97 Page 5-27 2524UM Use th is c onfi guration ? [y es/n o]: y e s Buildi ng c onfi guration ... Use th e en able d mode ' conf igur e' comma nd t o m odify th is c onfigura tion .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 5-28 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Note : The messag e C onfigur ing int erface IP para meters for netbo oting on ly app ears if you a re boot ing over a network server and your c onfigurat ion ha s insuffi cient IP informa tion.
Chapter 6: Using t he System Configuration Dialog August 19 97 Page 6-1 2524UM Chapter 6: Using the System Configuration Dialog Introd uction Thi s chap ter de scr ibes th e S ystem Configu rati on Dialo g process using a s ample confi gur ation.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 6-2 Au gus t 1997 2524UM in th e subnet field ( if appl icable) of the Ethe rn et an d syn chronous se- rial po rts. Take thes e steps to configure the rou ter using the Sy stem Conf i gura tion Dia log: 1. Conne ct a con sole term inal to the consol e con nector on theA I2524.
Chapter 6: Using t he System Configuration Dialog August 19 97 Page 6-3 2524UM 32K by tes of n on-volat ile configuration memory. 8192K bytes of processor board System fla sh ( Read ONLY) Notice : NV RAM invalid, possibly due to write eras e.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 6-4 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 6. Enter an enable se cret password : The en able secret is a one-way cry ptograp hic secret used instead of t he enable passwo rd w hen i t exist s.
Chapter 6: Using t he System Configuration Dialog August 19 97 Page 6-5 2524UM Refer t o th is t a ble for I SDN sw itch ty pes: Countr y ISDN Switch Type De s cript ion Au stra lia bas ic- ts013 Au s.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 6-6 Au gus t 1997 2524UM.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-1 2524UM Chapter 7: Manually Load ing System Images Introd uction Thi s chapter ou tlines th e step s to l oad and mai ntain syst em ima ges, microcod e image s, and conf igura tion fi les.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-2 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Image and Configu ration File Load Task List To load and maintain sys tem i mage s , m ic roc o d e ima ge s, a nd co nf igu- ration fi l e s ne eded for sta rtup, c om plet e th e ta sk s out l i ned i n th e next secti on.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-3 2524UM Retrieve System Images and Configu ration Fi les If y ou h ave a minimal confi guratio n tha t a llow s you to i nt eract with t.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-4 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Note : Be sur e there is enough a vai l a ble space before copyin g a fi l e t o Fla sh memor y. U se th e show flash c omm and and comp are the size of the file yo u w ant to c o py to the amou nt o f availab le Flash me mory sh own.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-5 2524UM This e xample de monstrates th e use of the copy tftp flash com - man d t o co p y a sy s te m i mage named g s 7- k when F l ash me m ory i s too full to cop y the file. Th e fil e name g s7 -k ca n be in low ercase or upper- cas e; th e syst em se es GS7 -K as g s7-k.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-6 Au gus t 1997 2524UM trans ferred suc cessfull y. A se ries of V charact ers i ndicates that a checks um verif ication o f the i mage is occu rri n g aft er the image is writ- ten to Flash m emory. No t e: If you en te r n af te r the Erase flash before writ ing? prompt, the co py proce ss continu es.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-7 2524UM You c an co py norm al o r compress ed i mages to Fla sh memory. You can pr oduce a c ompres sed syste m im age o n a ny UNIX platform using the comp re ss comm and. R efer to y our UNIX p latform 's documen- tation for t he ex act us ag e of the comp re ss comman d.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-8 Au gus t 1997 2524UM cess t o copy a di fferen t con figurati on to the router that is s tored on a network se rver. You c an co py a configura tion fil e from a TF TP server to the running confi guration or t o the sta r tup configu ration .
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-9 2524UM 4. Sa ve t h e confi guration file to yo ur sta rtup con f ig ura tion. This step saves t h e con f igu r ation t o NVRAM.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-10 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 2. L ist i nf or matio n a bout Flash mem o ry , i ncl udi ng s y s tem image filen ames, amo u nt s of me mory use d and re m a ini n g , and Flash par- titio n s. show flash [all | chips | detailed | err | partition numb er [all | chips | detailed | err] | summary] 3.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-11 2524UM This e xample illustr ates h ow to use this command: Router # ve rify fla sh Name o f fi le t o verify [gs xx]? Verify ing via chec ksum .. . vvvvvv vvvv vvvv vvvvvvvv vvvv vvv Flash verification successful.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-12 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Perform General Startup Ta sk s When modifyi ng y ou r routing en vironment, you pe rform gen e ral star- tu p task s . For exampl e, to modi fy a co nfi g ur at i on f il e, y ou e n te r con- figur at ion mode.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-13 2524UM ever, you can list the com ments in con figurat ion f iles s t ored on a TFTP server . Configure the Cisco IOS s oftware from th e T erminal When y ou confi gure the softwa re fro m the term inal, it e xecutes the command s you ente r a t the syst em prompts.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-14 Au gus t 1997 2524UM sence o f critica l confi guration inf ormation. Refer to Use Setup for Confi gur a t ion Changes , for de ta ils on th e set up c omma nd fac ility.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-15 2524UM In t his example, the softwa re is con figure d from the f ile toky o-config at I P a ddres s 131.1 08.2.155: Router 1# c opy tftp running-config Host o r ne twor k config urat ion file [host]? IP add ress of remote host [255 .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-16 Au gus t 1997 2524UM z When the ent ire boot field equals a valu e between 0-0-1-0 and 1-1-1- 1, the rou ter l oads the sy stem image sp ecified by boot sys- tem co mmands in th e s tartup configurat ion file.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-17 2524UM Perform the Boot Field Modification Tasks You modify th e boot field f rom th e h a rdwar e config uratio n register or the softwar e con fi gurat ion regist er, d ependin g on the platform .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-18 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Router 1# s how versi o n GS Sof twar e, Versi on 9 .0(1 ) Copyri ght (c) 1986 -199 2 by Cis co S ystems, I n c .
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-19 2524UM Specify the Startup Configuration File Task List To specif y a sta r tup co nfiguratio n file , perfo rm eith er the fir st two.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-20 Au gus t 1997 2524UM the name t o all lowerca se let ters, removi ng all domain infor mation, and ap p ending -con fg. I f no host name informatio n is ava ilable, the softw are us es the de fa ult ho st conf igur ation f ilena me rou te r-confg.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-21 2524UM If t he n etwork se rver fails t o load a con figurat ion f ile during start up, it tri es a gain every 1 0 minutes (the defaul t sett ing) u ntil a host p rovides the reques ted file s.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-22 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 2. Copy the s ystem image from Flash mem ory to a TFTP se rver. copy flash tftp 3. W hen pr ompted , e nter the IP add r es s o r do main name of th e TFTP server . { ip-address | name } 4.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-23 2524UM no boot system flash co nfiguration com mand to revert to boo ting from RO M. F or example , you might wan t to rever t to boot.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-24 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Perform Startup Tasks The start up t a sks in this section are opti onal. Startup Task List You can perfo rm these optional s tartup t.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-25 2524UM Flash Load Helper versus Dual Flash Bank You m ight use Flash l oad hel per rat h er than dual Flas h ba n k for one of these reason s: z You want to downl oad a new file int o the same bank fr om which the curre nt system image is e x ecuti ng .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-26 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Unless th e image i s do wnloaded as the first f ile in the f irst parti t ion, this down load must b e pe rfor med by an i ma ge t ha t r ec og ni zes rel o cat- able i mages .
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-27 2524UM Partit ion Fl ash Memory To partit io n Flas h memory , type the following i n glo bal conf iguration mod e: partition flash pa.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-28 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Manually Boot from Flash Memory To ma nua l ly boot t he rout er fro m F la sh memo ry, p erfor m on e of thes tasks in R OM moni tor mode: z Boot th e fir st bootabl e fi le fou nd i n any partition.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-29 2524UM Configu re the Rou ter to Automatically Boot fr o m Fla sh M emory To config ure the r outer t o b oot a utomati cally from Flash memory, per- form one of th ese task s i n global c onfigu ratio n mode: z Boot th e fir st bootabl e fi le fou nd i n any partition.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-30 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Flash memory. It is a lowe r-cos t s oftware up grade soluti on than d ual- bank Flash, which requires two banks of Flash me mory on o ne SIMM.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-31 2524UM z Allows yo u to sav e any con figurati on c hanges made before you exit ou t of th e syst em i mage. z Notif ies users l ogge d in to the system of t he impending sw itch to the boot R OM im ag e so that they d o not lose th eir conn ec t ions un- ex p ecte dly .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-32 Au gus t 1997 2524UM The syste m tries to br ing up at least the b oo t ROM im age i f it cannot boot an im age fro m Flash m emor y.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-33 2524UM Enter the name of the des tinat ion f ile: Destin atio n fi le name [default = source name] ? Access ing file `abc/igs-kf.914' on 131.108.1.111.... Loadin g fr om 1 31.108.1 3.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-34 Au gus t 1997 2524UM If the c onf i gur ati on was modified b ut no t saved, you ar e a sked to save the co nfigu ration: System con figurati on h as b een modified.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-35 2524UM Mo ni to r Fl as h L oad He lp er To view th e sy stem co nsole output ge nera ted d uring th e F lash load helper op eration, use th e image b oo ted up after the Flash mem ory up- grade .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-36 Au gus t 1997 2524UM In this exa mple, a r outer is manually booted from Flash mem o ry. Be- cause t he o pti onal filen ame arg ument i s a b sent , the fir st file in Flash memo ry is load ed.
Chapt er 7: Manually Loading System Images August 19 97 Page 7-37 2524UM 3. Manual ly boot the rout er from a netwo rk f ile. boot fil ename [ ip-address ] In this exa mple, a r outer is manually boot.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-38 Au gus t 1997 2524UM.
Chapter 8: AI2524 Protocol Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 8-1 2524UM Cha pter 8: AI2524 Protocol Con figuration St eps Introd uction Thi s chapter describes the AI2 5 24 p rotocol con f igur ation steps f or th OSP F TCP/I P, IGRP TCP /IP a nd RIP TC P/IP.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 8-2 Au gus t 1997 2524UM z Confi gure R out e C alc u lation Timers z Config ure OSPF over On-Demand Circu it s Enable OSP F To en able OSP F, you m ust c reate.
Chapter 8: AI2524 Protocol Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 8-3 2524UM 6. Set th e number of seconds that a device's hello packets must not ha ve be en se en bef o r e it s n eig hbo rs dec la re t he OS PF route down. ip ospf dead-interval seco nds 7.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 8-4 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configure OSP F for Nonbroadcast Ne tworks Beca use t here might b e many rou ters attache d to an OS PF ne tw o rk, a de si g n ated ro ute r i s sele ct ed f or t he n etwo rk.
Chapter 8: AI2524 Protocol Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 8-5 2524UM z Defin e an are a to be a s tub area. area are a-id stub [no-summary] z Assign a speci fic cost to the default summary r oute u sed for th stub area . area are a-id default-cost cost Configure OS PF Not So Stubby Area (NSSA) NSSA area is sim ilar to O SPF stub area.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 8-6 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Implementation Considerations Befor e impleme nting thi s f eature , cons ider the se it ems: z You c an set a Ty pe 7 defaul t rout e tha t can be us ed to re ach exter- nal destin ation s.
Chapter 8: AI2524 Protocol Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 8-7 2524UM Create Virtual Link s In OSPF, all areas must be connected to a backbone a rea. If the re is brea k in b ackb o ne co ntin uity, or i f the b a ckbo n e is pu rp osef ully parti- tion ed, you can estab lis h a vi rtual link.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 8-8 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Force the Rout er ID Choice with a Loopbac k Interface OSP F uses the lar ges t IP addr e ss conf igure d on t h e in ter faces as its route r I D.
Chapter 8: AI2524 Protocol Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 8-9 2524UM Configure Rout e Calculation Ti mers You can confi gure the dela y t ime between wh e n OSPF receive s a t o- pology ch ange a nd when it st arts a Sh ortes t Path F i rst (SP F) calcula- tion .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 8-10 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Network Illustration This list out lines key features s upported in OSPF impleme ntation: Note : To t ake adv antag e of the OSPF stub area suppo rt, default routi ng must be use d in the stu b a rea.
Chapter 8: AI2524 Protocol Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 8-11 2524UM AI2524 IGRP TCP/IP Configu ration St eps The Inte rior Ga teway Routin g Proto col (IGRP) is a dy namic d istance- vector.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 8-12 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Create the I GRP Routi n g Process To cr eate th e IG RP routi ng pr oce ss, pe rform the se r equ ired tasks start- ing in g l obal c onfigurati on mode: 1. E nable a n IG RP routi ng pro c es s , wh ich places you in router con- figura tion mode.
Chapter 8: AI2524 Protocol Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 8-13 2524UM tions l imit the number of case s in which loa d balanc ing can oc cur, but ensure that th e dynamics o f the netw ork will remain stab l e.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 8-14 Au gus t 1997 2524UM work performa nce , however, so ensu re that you m ake all m e tric ad- justm ents ca refully. Note: Because of the com plexity o f th is task, we recommend that you onl y perfor m it with g uidance fr om an experie nced syst em desig ner.
Chapter 8: AI2524 Protocol Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 8-15 2524UM Validate Source IP Add resses To disab le th e defaul t function that va lida tes the sour ce IP add resses of incomin g .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 8-16 Au gus t 1997 2524UM AI2524 RIP TCP/ IP Configura t ion Routing I nforma tion Protoc ol (R IP) u s e s broadc ast User Datagr am Protoc ol (UDP) dat a packets to exchan ge r outing infor mation. The Cisco IOS sof tware sends rou ting in formation updates (a dvertise- ments) every 30 seconds.
Chapter 8: AI2524 Protocol Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 8-17 2524UM inform ation . To de fine a nei ghboring rou ter with which to exc hange point -to-po int routing i nformation , type thi.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 8-18 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Enable RIP A uth entication RIP Version 1 does not su pport au thenti cation. If you are sending and receivi ng RIP Versio n2 packets, y ou c an enable RIP aut hentication on an in t erf ac e.
Chapter 8: AI2524 Protocol Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 8-19 2524UM Run I GRP and RIP Concurrently It is possib le to run I GRP and R I P co ncurrently. T he IGRP informa- tion will override the RIP informa tion b y def ault because of I GRP's administ rati ve dis ta nce.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 8-20 Au gus t 1997 2524UM z To defin e rou te map s, type t his comman d in glo bal co n figuration mod e: route-map map- ta g [permit | deny] [ sequence-number ] z By defau lt , t he r e di stributi on of defaul t info rmation between IP Enhance d I GRP processes is en abled .
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-1 2524UM Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuratio n Steps Introd uction Thi s chapter describe s how to confi gure ISO CLNS. The ISO CLNS proto col is a sta ndard for the networ k layer of the OS I mode l.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-2 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Unde r stand Addresses Addr esse s in the ISO network arch itec ture are r eferred to as N SAP ad- dress es and net work entity titles ( NETs). Each no d e in an OSI network has o ne or more N E Ts.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-3 2524UM The area ad dress uniquely ident ifies the routing area and the system ID iden tifies ea ch node. Figur e 9-2:Sample Domain and Ar ea Addresses The key d iffere nce bet ween the I SO IG RP and IS-IS N SAP a ddressing schemes is i n t he definit ion of a rea addre sses.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-4 Au gus t 1997 2524UM z The syste m ID is t he 6 byte s bef ore the N-selec tor. z The N-sele ctor (S) is t he last b yte of the NSAP ad d ress.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-5 2524UM The IS- IS routin g protocol inter prets the b ytes fr om t he AF I up t o (but not i nclud ing) t he sy stem ID f ield in the DSP as an area i dent ifier. Th syste m I D speci fies the sys tem.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-6 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Addr essing Examp le s Examples o f OSI networ k and GOSI P NS AP addresses us in g the ISO IGRP impl ementation are des cribed in the n ext section s. The OSI netwo rk NS AP add ress format is il lustrate d a s: | Domain|Area| Sys tem ID| S| 4 7.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-7 2524UM This tabl e shows a s ample s tati c rou ti ng table in which the nex thop NETs are listed f or comp leteness, bu t are no t necess ar y to und er stand the routi ng algor ithm .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-8 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Unde r stand Routing Processes The basic f unctio n o f a router is to forward pack et s: receiv e a packet in on e interface a nd sen d it o ut another (or the s ame) interface t o the prope r d estina tion.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-9 2524UM rout ing ISO IGRP ; it ca n be configured to be Level 1 only, Level2 only , or both L e vel 1 and Le v e l2 w he n routi ng IS-IS. ESs communicat e wi th ISs using the ES-IS protoco l.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-10 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configu re ISO IGRP Dynami c Routing The ISO IGRP is a dynamic distance-vec tor r o ut ing protocol designed by Cisco for r outin g an autono mous system tha t cont ains l arge, arbi- trar ily complex netw orks with d iverse bandwid th a nd d elay cha racter- isti cs.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-11 2524UM You can assign a meani ngful na me f or th e r outin g pro cess by using the tag opti o n. Yo u can als o spe c ify a name f or a NET in a dd ition to an addres s. F o r inform ation on h ow t o as si gn a name, see Spec ify S ho r t - cut NSAP Addresses .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-12 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 2. Config ure the net fo r the process i n area 2, doma in47.00 0 4.004d: net 47 .000 4.00 4d.0002. 0000 .0C0 0.0506.0 0 3. Specify iso -igrp rout ing using t he prev iously specified tag cas tor : interf ace ethernet 0 clns r oute r is o-igrp c asto r 4.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-13 2524UM 1. D efine a tag o rion for th e routi ng process: router iso-igr p or ion 2. Config ure the net fo r the process i n area 1, doma in47.00 0 4.004d: net 47 .000 4.00 4d.0001.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-14 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 4. Co nfigure th e NET for t he pr ocess in are a 4, domai n 47.00 04.00 4d: net 47 .000 4.00 4d.0004. 0000 .0C0 0.0506.0 0 5. Specify iso- igrp rout in g on interface etherne t 0 using the tag cap- ricorn : interf ace ethernet 0 clns r oute r is o-igrp c apri corn 6.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-15 2524UM Example: Dynam ic Interdomain R out ing Figure 9 -7 a nd the exam ple configur atio ns illustrate how to configur three do mains that are to be transparent ly conn ected.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-16 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 4. Define a tag B for the routing pr ocess : router iso-igr p B 5. Co nfigure th e NET for t he pr ocess in are a 3, domai n 47.00 06.02 00: net 47 .000 6.02 00.0003. 0102 .010 4.0506.0 0 6.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-17 2524UM Router Detro it This config uration shows how to config ure R outer De tr oit for dynamic in t erd om ai nrouti ng . C omm en t li ne s hav e bee n el imi nat ed f ro m this exam ple to av oid redund ancy.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-18 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Warn ing: Adj us t in g t he I S O I G RP me tric c an d ra m at i ca l ly affect network pe rformance, so ensure that all met ric a dj ust- ment s ar e made c areful ly.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-19 2524UM z Disabl e spli t horizo n fo r ISO IGR P up dates. no clns split-horizon The defa ult fo r all L AN interfac es is f or spl it horizon to be enabled; the def ault for WAN i n ter faces on X.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-20 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 2. Co nfigure t he NET for th e rout ing process. net network-entity-title You can assign a meani ngful na me f or th e r outin g pro cess by using the tag opti o n. Yo u can als o spe c ify a name f or a NET in a dd ition to an addres s.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-21 2524UM 4. Enable IS-IS rout ing on etherne t 1 : interf ace ethernet 1 clns r oute r is is 5.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-22 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 2. Ro u ter is in area s 4 7.00 04. 00 4d. 0001 a nd 47.0004.004d.0011: net 47 .000 4.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-23 2524UM tag of r em ote-domain. Mo st comment li ne s hav e been eli mi na ted from this examp le to a void red un danc y.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-24 Au gus t 1997 2524UM You mu st stat ically assign the m ultiple area addresse s on the router. You ca n assign up to th ree a rea addre sses on the AI2 524 . The number of areas a llow ed in a dom a inis unlimi ted.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-25 2524UM The us e of thi s net router con figura tio n comma nd c o nfig ures the sys- tem ID, area address, an d d om ainaddres s. O nly a singl e NET per rout- ing proc ess is allowe d .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-26 Au gus t 1997 2524UM ISO IG RP In this exa mple, the ro uter is in do mai n49. 0001 and has a system ID of a aa a.aaa a.aaa a. Th e r ou ter is in tw o ar eas: 31 and 40 (deci mal). Fig- ure 9-8 illust rates this confi guratio n.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-27 2524UM IS- IS To run IS-I S inst ead o f ISO IGRP, use thi s configur ation . Th e illustra- tion i n Figure 9- st ill appl ie s. Ethernet interface 2 i s con figured for IS-IS rout ing and is assigne d the tag of test -proc2.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-28 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Specify Router-Lev elSupport It is se ld om n ec es s a ry to con fi gure th e I S ty pe because t he IS- IS pro- tocol wil l automaticall y est a bl ish this.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-29 2524UM Log Adjacency State Changes You c an con figure I S-IS to genera te a log mess age w hen a n IS-IS ad jacency cha ng es state (up o r down) . T his ma y be usefu l when monitor- ing lar ge network s.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-30 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configure I S-IS Interface Parameters Cisco' s IS -IS i mplementati on allows you to c ustomize certain inter- face-s p ec ific I.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-31 2524UM quick ly a fai led link or n eighbo r is detect e d so tha t rout es can be recal- culate d. In i nte r fac e co n fi gura tio n mo de, s et th e adve rt is ed h ello int e rval and multip lier: 1.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-32 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Set the Re transmission Interv al In inter face con figurati on mode, confi gure the number o f seconds be tween retr ansmission of LSP s for point -to-po int links.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-33 2524UM Configu re IS-IS Password Authen ticati on You can assign di fferent aut hentica tion pas swords f or d iffer ent rout- ing level s. By d efa u lt, au th en t ication is disa bled.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-34 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Warning: If you h ave not configured the r oute r to route CL NS pa c k- ets dynamic ally using ISO IGRP or IS -IS, you must a s sign an ad dres s to the r outer.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-35 2524UM 3. Pa ss I SO CLNS traff ic on ethe rnet 0 t o end systems without rout- ing: interf ace ethernet 0 clns e nabl e 4. Pass I SO CLNS t raffic on seri al 0 to end sys tems withou t routing: interf ace serial 0 clns e nabl e 5.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-36 Au gus t 1997 2524UM clns h ost sid 39.0 001. 1111.111 1.11 11.0 0 clns h ost bar 39.0 002. 2222.222 2.22 22.0 0 1. Assign a stat ic address for t he router: clns n et s id 2. Enable CLNS pa ckets to b e r outed: clns r outi ng 3.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-37 2524UM Figur e 9-10:CLNS X.25 Intradomain Routing This exampl e shows one way to configure the r outer in Ch icago: 1. Define the na me chica go to be use d in place of this NSAP: clns h ost chicago 47.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-38 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 6. Set the in terf ac e up a s a DT E with X.25 encap sula tion: interf ace serial 0 encaps ulat ion x25 x25 ad dres s 11 11 x25 nv c 4 7. Specify iso- igrp rout in g using the spec ified tag s ales: clns r oute r is o-igrp s ales 8.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-39 2524UM Figur e 9-1 1:C LN S Interdomain S tati c Routi ng Router A This c onfig urati on s hows how to conf ig ure Ro uter A f or stati in t erd om ai nrouti ng : 1. D efine tag orio n for net 47.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-40 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 5. Pass I SO CLNS traffic to end systems witho ut ro uting: interf ace serial 1 clns e nabl e 6.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-41 2524UM 5. Pass packe ts bo und for s id in dom ain4 7.0006 .0 200 through serial 0: clns r oute 47.0006 .020 0 si d CLNS routing u pdates wi ll not b e sent on the se rial lin k; however, CLNS pac kets w i ll be sen t and rec e iv ed o v er the ser ia l link.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-42 Au gus t 1997 2524UM ES-IS pr otocol . The rou ter dynamically di scovers all ESs running the ES-IS p rotoco l.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-43 2524UM Configu re Miscel laneous Features Perform these option al t as ks to configure m iscellaneo us fe a tures of an ISO CLN S .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-44 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Use the IP DomainNa m e System to Discover ISO CLNS Ad dre sse s If your rou ter ha s b o th IS O CLNS a nd I P en ab le d, you ca n us e the Doma in N aming Sys tem (DNS ) t o quer y ISO CLNS a ddresses by using th e NSAP address typ e, as document ed in RFC 1348.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-45 2524UM 2. In inter face con figurati on m ode, a pply filter expressi ons to an in- terf ace: z Apply a fil ter e xpr ession to frames fo rwarde d in or out of an inter- face. clns access-group name [in | out] z Apply a filter exp ression to ISIS adjace n cies.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-46 Au gus t 1997 2524UM z Spec ify the routing protoc ol a nd ta g ( i f appli cable) in to which you want to di stribu te routing info rmation. router iso-igrp [ tag ] z Spec i fy on e o r more ISO I GRP rou t ing p rotocol and t ag (if appli- cable ) yo u want to redi s tribute.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-47 2524UM rout e-ma p co mmand. The set c om mands specif y the redi st ribu- tion s et actions—the p articular r edistri bution ac tio ns to perf orm if th criteria en fo rced by th m atch comma nd s are m et.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-48 Au gus t 1997 2524UM z Set th e metric valu e to give the redistr ibuted ro utes. set metric metric-value z Set th e metric type to gi ve the redistrib uted ro u t es. set metric-type {internal | external} z Set t he ta g valu e to a ssociat e w ith t he r edistrib uted routes.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-49 2524UM router isis redist ribu te r ip route -map ourmap redist ribu te i so-igrp remote route-map ourmap ! route- map ourmap permi t match ip addr ess 1 match clns address ourprefix set me tric 5 set le vel level-2 ! access -lis t 1 permit 1 60.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-50 Au gus t 1997 2524UM z ES hel lo packet s and IS h ell o p acke ts are sent with out op ti ons. Op- tions in recei ved p ac kets are igno red. ISs and ESs p eriod ically send out he llo pac kets to a d verti se th eir avail- ab il ity .
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-51 2524UM Configu re CLNS over WANs This se ction pr o vi des gen eral inf ormation about run ning ISO CLNS over W A Ns. You can us e CLNS rout ing on serial interfaces w ith H DLC, PPP, LAPB, X.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-52 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Figur e 9-12:Routers Acting as DTEs and DCEs Router A router iso-igr p te st-proc net 49 .000 1.aa aa.aaaa. aaaa .00 ! interf ace serial 1 clns r oute r is o-igrp t est- proc 1. Assume the host i s a DTE and encapsulates x.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-53 2524UM Router B router iso-igr p te st-proc net 49 .000 1.bb bb.bbbb. bbbb .00 ! interf ace serial 2 clns r oute r is o-igrp t est- proc 1. Config ure this s ide a s a DCE: encaps ulat ion x25-d c e 2.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-54 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Spec i fy t he M TU Si ze Al l i nt erf aces ha ve a de fau l t ma xim um pa ck et si ze. Howe v er t o reduc fragment atio n, you can set the MTU s ize o f the packets sent on the in- terf ac e.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-55 2524UM Set the Congestion Thre s hold If a ro uter conf i gur ed fo r C LNS expe r ie nce s c on ge st ion , i t s ets the conges tion-exp erienced bit . You can set the congestio n thre shold on a per-int erface basis.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-56 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configure Param eter s for Locally Sourced Packets In gl ob a l co nfigu rati o n mod e, c onf igu re pa rameters f or pac kets origi- nated by a speci f i ed router: z Spec ify i n sec onds the initia l lifeti me f o r locally gene rated pack- ets.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-57 2524UM Monitor and Maintain th e ISO CLNS Network Use these EXEC commands to monitor a nd mainta in the ISO CLNS caches , table s, an d data ba ses : z Clear and reiniti alize the CLNS rout ing cac he.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-58 Au gus t 1997 2524UM z Displ ay both ES a n d IS ne ig h bo rs. show clns neighbors [ type number ] [detail] z List t he protocol-spe cific informat ion fo r each I S -IS or ISO IGRP rout ing process in this router.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-59 2524UM Configu re TARP on ISO CLNS S ome appl ications (typi call y use d by tel e p hone comp anies) running on Synchron ous Opt ical Network (SONET) devic es ident ify these de- vices by a target iden tifier (TID).
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-60 Au gus t 1997 2524UM TARP Configurati on Task List To c onfigu r e TARP o n t he ro ute r, co m pl et e th es e ta sks ( o nly t he f irst task is req uire.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-61 2524UM Disable TARP Cachi ng By defaul t, TI D-to-NSAP address ma ppi ng s are stored in the TID cache . Disabling this capab il i ty clears the TID ca c h e. R e -enab ling this capabil ity re stores a ny prev iously cle ared local e ntry and all s tatic en- tri es.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-62 Au gus t 1997 2524UM that m ay not have TARP runn ing, TA RP p rovides a sta tic TARP a dja- ce ncy c ap abi lit y.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-63 2524UM Configure TA RP Ti mers TARP timers provide defaul t values and typ ical ly do not n eed to be change d. The amount of time that the router waits to receive a res ponse from a Type 1 PDU, a Typ e 2 PDU, and a T ype 5 PDU can be c on figured.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-64 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configure Mi scellaneous TARP PDU Informa tion TARP default PDU values ty pica lly do not need t o be changed.
Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 9-65 2524UM z Li s t all a dja cenci es th at ar e bla ck listed (that is, ad jacencie s t hat will not re cei ve propa gated T ARP PDUs). show tarp blacklisted-adjacencies z Displa y in formati on about a spec ific TAR P r outer s tored in the lo- cal TI D cac he.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 9-66 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Complex TARP Configuration Example Figure 9 -13 and th is example sh ow how t o e nable TARP on Rou ter A and on interface Eth ernet 0 an d assign the TID myn ame. A st atic rout is cr eated from Route r A (49.
Chapt er 10: Se r ial Interface Con figuration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 10- 1 2524UM Chapter 10: Serial Interface Configuratio n Steps Introd uction Thi s chapter describe s how to config ure synchron ous serial interfaces.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 10-2 Au gust 199 7 2524UM 3. Config u re the second sy n chronous s e ri al interface, for ex ample: Config urin g in terface Serial 1 : Is this interface in use? [yes]: Configu re I P on thi s in terf ace? [ye s]: Configu re I P un numbered on this interface? [no] : IP ad dres s fo r this i nter face : 172.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Pa ge 11- 1 2524UM Chapter 11: AI2524 Syn c PPP Configuratio n Steps Introd uction Thi s chapter d escribes how to en ab le PPP encapsul atio n an d pe rform a v ariety of PPP conf igu r atio n tasks .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-2 Au gust 199 7 2524UM PPP Configuration Task List To conf igure PP P on a serial int erface, you must e nable PP P encapsu- lati on.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Pa ge 11- 3 2524UM Enable P PP Encapsula tion You can enable PPP on serial lines to encaps ulate IP and ot her network prot oc o l datagra .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-4 Au gust 199 7 2524UM the respon se and looki ng up the required host na me or usern ame. The secret passw ords must be iden tical o n t he remote devic e and the local router.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Pa ge 11- 5 2524UM 4. In i nt er face c onfi gu ra ti on mode , c on fi gur e Te r mi nal A cce ss Con- troller Acc ess Contr ol System (T .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-6 Au gust 199 7 2524UM 3. Co nf i gure R oute r zzz. hostna me z zz interf ace seria l 0 encaps ulat ion ppp ppp au then tica tion cha p userna me x xx p ass.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Pa ge 11- 7 2524UM Configu re Automa tic Detection of Encapsula tion Type You c an enable a serial or ISD N inter face to acce pt ca lls and dynami- cally change the encapsul ation on the interfac e when the r emote de- vice d oes n ot signal the call ty pe.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-8 Au gust 199 7 2524UM 2. Enable compr ession. ppp compress [predictor | stac] Configu re IP Address Po oling Point -to-po int int erfaces must be able to pr ovide a rem ote n ode with its IP addr ess thr oug h the IP Co ntrol Proto col (IP CP) address negotia- tion pr ocess.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Pa ge 11- 9 2524UM z Defa ult IP addre ss. The peer default ip address co m- mand and the member peer default ip address com- man d can be us ed t o define de fault peer I P addresses. z TACA CS+ assig ned I P a dd ress.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-10 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 4. A ddress from an EXEC -level PPP or SL IP c omman d o r from a chat sc ript 5. Co nfigured addres s from the peer default ip address co mm and o r a d dr e ss fr om th e pr otocol tran slat e command 6.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 11- 11 2524UM Define DHCP as th e Global Def ault Mechanis m The Dynamic Ho st Configura tio n Protocol (DH CP) specifies these components: z A DH CP server . A h os t- ba s e d DHCP s erv er c on fi gured to accept and pr oces s re quests for t empo rary I P addr esses.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-12 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configure Per-I nterface IP Address Assignment When y ou h ave d efin ed a glob al default mechanis m for assign ing IP address es to di al-in pe e rs, y ou ca n th en con figur e the few interfaces for whi ch it is i mportant to h a ve a n o ndef au lt config ura ti on.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 11- 13 2524UM z Create o ne or more local IP a ddress po ols. ip local pool {default | pool na me { begin - ip-address-range [ end-ip-address-range ]}} z (Opti on al ) E nt er i n te rfa ce c on fi guration mode.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-14 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configure a Router as a Callback Client Beginning in g lob al c onfigurat ion mode, c onfigu re a router i n terface as a ca l lbac k clie nt: 1. Specify the inter face. interface serial numb er 2.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 11- 15 2524UM Configure a Router as a Callback Server Beginning in g lob al c onfigurat ion mode, c onfigu re a router as a call back s er ver: 1. Sp ec ify t h e in t erf ac e and enter i nte rfac e co nf igur a tion mode.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-16 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 12. Confi gure a dial er map cla ss as a ca llb ac k server. dialer callback-server [ user name ] The enable ti mer d e fault is 15 seconds.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 11- 17 2524UM Disable or Reenable Pe er Neighbor Rout es The Cisco IOS software automatical ly crea tes neighbor r outes by de- fault ; t hat is, it automatically sets u p a ro ute to the p eer addr ess on point- to-point inte rfa ce when t he PPP IPC P negotiat ion is completed.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-18 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Figur e1 1-1: Router Serial I nterfa ce Co nfig u r ed as a Half- Bridge Note: The C i sco IOS sof twar e support s no more than one PPP half-brid ge per Ethernet subne twork.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 11- 19 2524UM Configu re Multi link PPP M ultilink PPP (MLP) provide s load bala n cing ov e r multiple WAN links , wh il e provi ding.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-20 Au gus t 1997 2524UM using V.3 4 m odems. Howeve r, packets might be dro pp ed occas i onally if the M TU i s small or if large burst s of shor t fr ames occur. Beginning in g lob al c onfigurat ion mode, c onfigure a dialer in terface to supp ort P PP encapsulat ion and Mu lti link PPP: 1.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 11- 21 2524UM 4. (Opti onal) Speci fy a dial er idle timeo ut. dialer idle-timeout sec onds 5. Specify the diale r loa d threshold for b ring ing up a dditi onal WAN links . dialer load-threshold load 6.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-22 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Example: Multi lin k P PP on One ISDN Interface This e xa mpl e enables Mu lt ilink PPP on the BR I 0 inter f ace. Because an I SDN i nterfa ce i s a rotary gr oup by def ault, w hen o ne BRI is con- figure d, no d ialer rota ry grou p c onfiguration is r e quired.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 11- 23 2524UM 6. Ma p t he next- ho p proto col addre ss a nd name to the dial string need ed to r each it. dialer map protocol next-hop-address [nam e host name ] [spc] [speed 56 | 64] [broadcast] [ dial-string [: isdn-subaddress ]] 7.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-24 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 6. Specify the diale r loa d threshold for b ring ing up a dditi onal WAN links . dialer load-threshold load Repeat Steps 1 thr ough 6 f or ea ch BR I you w a nt to belong t o the same diale r ro t a ry group.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 11- 25 2524UM Example: Multi link P PP on Mu ltiple ISDN Interfaces This exam ple con figu res multip le ISD N BRIs to b elong to the same di - al e r r ot ar y g rou p for Mu l ti lin k PPP.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-26 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configu re Vi rtual Private Dial-up Networks Virtu al private dial- up networ ks (VDPN) all ow separate and a utono- mous proto col domain s t o shar e common access infra structure includ- ing modems, access s ervers, and IS DN routers .
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 11- 27 2524UM Note: The M MP f eature uses V PDN to co nnec t mult iple PP P sessio ns for w hich ind i v idua l d ial- in calls ha ve arri ved o n diffe rent stack group members. VPDN provides sp eed and reliab ility fo r the setup a nd sh utdown o f Mult ilink PPP.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-28 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Figure 11-2: Configure a Virtual Tem p late and Create a Vir- tual Te mplat e Interface on the Home Gateway Beginning in gl obal co nfigur ation m od e, configure a vir tua l templat for inter fac es o n a h ome gat eway a ccess server: 1.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 11- 29 2524UM Configure I ncoming VPDN Connections on the Hom e Gateway In gl ob a l co nfigu rati o n mod e, c onf ig ure virtu al pr i va t e dialup net- work ing on a hom e gatew a y ro uter or a cces s server: 1.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-30 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Gateway1—Domain1 vpdn e nabl e vpdn i ncom ing nas1 gateway1 virtual-templ ate 1 interf ace virtual-template 1 ip unnumbere d Et he.
Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps August 19 97 Page 11- 31 2524UM Gateway 1 vpdn i ncom ing nas1 gateway virtual-template 1 vpdn i ncom ing nas2 gateway virtual-templat e 2 interf ace vi.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 11-32 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Enable P PP on VTY Lines for Asynchron ous Access over ISDN You can conf igure a ro uter to su pp or t a sync hronou s ac cess over ISDN by globally enablin g PPP on VTY lin es.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 12- 1 2524UM Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Configuration St eps Introd uction This chap ter descri bes how to configure connec tions t hrough X.25 networks and Link Acce ss Pro cedure Ba lan ced ( LAPB) con nections.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-2 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Note: If you connect a router to a n X.25 n etwork, u se the paramet ers set by your networ k adminis trator for th connect ion; these para mete rs wi ll ty pic al ly b e th os describe d in th e Configu re I nterface a nd Mod i fy LAP B Protoc ol Parameters sec tions.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 12- 3 2524UM Set the V irtual Circ u it Rang es The X.25 prot ocol maint ains mu ltiple co nnect ions o ver one physical li n k b etwee n a D TE and a DC E. T he se co n nect i on s a re c alled virtual circ uits or L ogic al Chann els (LCs).
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-4 Au gust 199 7 2524UM used to prevent o ne sid e from mo nopol izin g the virtual c irc uits, and is useful f or X. 25 inter faces wit h a sma ll to tal number o f SV Cs ava ilabl e. Six X.25 parameters define th e upper an d lower li mit of each o f th three SVC ranges.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 12- 5 2524UM x25 li c 5 x25 hi c 20 x25 lt c 25 Set the Packet Numbering Modulo The AI 2524 i mplementati on of X .25 su pports bot h modulo 8 and mod- ulo 128 p acket sequence numbering; mod ule 8 is the de fault.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-6 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Set the Default Flo w Control Values Because X .25 is a s tron gly flow-con trolled protocol, set ting correct defau lt flow con trol paramet ers for window si ze and pack et si ze i s es - senti al.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 12- 7 2524UM maximum packet si zes. PVCs also u se these default value s unles s dif- feren t v al u es a re conf igu red. In in t erface co nfig u rati o n mo de, set the d efau lt input and output max- imum packet sizes: 1.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-8 Au gust 199 7 2524UM interf ace serial 2 ip add ress 172 .25.9.1 255.255.255.0 ! encaps ulat ion X 2 5 ! The bandw i dth command is not part of the X.25 con figu ration; i t is es- pecially impor tant to un der stand tha t it does not ha ve any connection with t he X.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 12- 9 2524UM Thes e com mand s con figu r e the X. 25 m ap . If yo u want t o e xchange rout ing updat es wit h any of t he routers, they would nee d broadcast flags.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-10 Au gus t 1997 2524UM z Set DCE T10 Resta rt In dication. x25 t1 0 secon ds z Set DTE T21 Call Re quest. x25 t2 1 secon ds z Set DC E T1 1 I nc oming Call. x25 t1 1 secon ds z Set DTE T22 Res et Req uest. x25 t2 2 secon ds z Set DCE T12 Reset Ind ication.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 11 2524UM dest inat i on of a recei v ed call i f the d esti n a tion ad dre ss ma tche s the in- terf ac e's address.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-12 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Suppress or Replace the Calling Addr ess Some at tachments r equire th at no calling (sourc e) a ddress be presented in ou tgoing cal ls. The re q uireme n t is c alled suppressing the calling ad- dress.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 13 2524UM Disable Packet-Level Protocol (PL P) Restarts By defau lt, a PLP re start is pe rfo rmed when t he link l ev el resets (for exam p l e, when L A P B recon ne c ts).
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-14 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Perf or m the se ta sks , as ne cessa ry , to co m pl ete t he X.25 conf igu r ation for y o ur network needs: z Confi gure S u bi nt erfaces z Map Protocol Add resses to X.121 A ddresses z Establ ish an Encapsul atio n PVC z Set X.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 15 2524UM tina tion host defined fo r the prot ocol. Becaus e o nly one de stination is define d for t he i nterface , the routing proc ess need not consul t the des- tinati on ad dress in th e d at ag rams.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-16 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Note : When con figur i ng I P rou t in g ov er X. 25, you m ig h t need to ma ke adjust ments to acc ommo da te split ho rizo n effects.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 17 2524UM Understand Pr otocol Identific ation The vario u s me t hods and prot ocols used in X .25 SVC encapsul ation are identified in a spec ific field of the c all packet ; this fiel d is defined by X.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-18 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 1. Subnetw or k Acce ss Protocol (SNAP) e ncoding is define d from the Assigned Numbers RFC. The AI25 24 implemen tation r ecog- nizes only th e IE TF or ganiza tional unique i dentif ier (OUI) 0x 0 0 0 0 0 0 f ol lowed by a 2- byte Et hernet prot oco l type.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 19 2524UM support se vera l proto cols; alte rn a tive l y , yo u ca n defin e one map for eac h s up port ed p r ot o col. In inter face con figurati on mod e, establish a map: x25 ma p protocol address [ protocol2 addr ess2 [.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-20 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Note: Multiprotocol maps , esp ecia ll y those con figured to carr broa dcast traf fic , can resul t in significant ly larger traffi loa ds, re quiring a larger hold qu eue, l arger win dow siz es, or mult iple vi rtu al ci rcui ts.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 21 2524UM Example: P VC Used to Exchange IP Traffic This e xample, illus trated in Figur e 12-2 , dem onstrates h o w to use the PVC t o e xchan ge IP traf fic betwe e n R outer X and Ro u te r Y.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-22 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Set X.25 TC P/IP Header Compre s sion The AI 2524 support s RF C 1 1 44 TC P /I P header co mpres sion (THC) on seri al lin es using HDLC an d X.25 encapsu lation. THC enca psula- tion is differe nt from oth er e n capsula tion t raffic.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 23 2524UM Configu re Additional X.25 Data gram Transport Features The Cis co IOS software al lows you to configure a dditiona l X.25 dat- agram t ransport f eatures, including various u ser facilities defi ned for X.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-24 Au gus t 1997 2524UM z X.25 p ay load compress ion must be ap plied caref ully. Each compres sed vir tual circui t requi res significant m emory re- sourc.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 25 2524UM Increase t he Numbe r of Virtual Circuits All owed Fo r X. 25 datag ram tran spo rt, you ca n est ab lis h up to eigh t SVCs to one host f or each map .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-26 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configure X.25 Us er Facil ities The X.25 s oft ware pr ovi des com mands to sup port X.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 27 2524UM z Allow r everse charging acceptanc e. x25 accept-reverse or x25 ma p protocol address [ protocol2 addr ess2 [... [ protocol9 address9 ]]] x121- addr ess accept-reverse z Sele ct thr oug h pu t class n eg oti ation.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-28 Au gus t 1997 2524UM face defa ults for the flow co ntr ol p arameters , the se op tions m us t b used to specify the val ues. Not all n etworks wil l allo w a PVC t o be de- fined with arb itrary flow co ntrol values.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 29 2524UM Configu re X.25 Routing T h e X.25 sof t war e imp lem entati on a l low s virt ua l cir cui ts to be routed from one X. 25 i n t erface t o a n ot her and from o ne ro uter to an other.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-30 Au gus t 1997 2524UM The X.25 switch ing subs ystem sup ports t hese f acili tie s and p arame ters: z D-bit ne gotia tion—Dat a packets with t he D-b i.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 31 2524UM the rewrit e patte rn indicat es the portio n of the or iginal a ddress matched by the di gits foll ow ing the 1 111 DNIC.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-32 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Example: X.25 Routing This e xample show s how to enable X.25 switchi ng, a s well as how to enter routes int o the X. 25 rou ti ng ta ble: Enable X.25 forwardin g: x25 ro utin g Enter routes into the table.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 33 2524UM dress . As a r esult, all outgoi ng ca lls from the VA X are sent to c isco on-ty mne t for furt he r proc essing. On t h e rout er n amed c i sc o- on - ty m net, you en t er th e se com mands: x25 ro ute vax-x121-address ip cisc o-on -va x x25 ro ute .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-34 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configure a Locally Swit ch e d PVC You can confi gure an X .25 PVC in the X.25 switc hing softwa re. As a result , DTEs t h at req uire permanent c ircui ts can be connected to router ac ting a s an X .
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 35 2524UM Example: Si mple Re mote P VC Tu nneling In t his example, a connection is establish ed between two PVCs across a LAN . Becaus e the connection is remote ( acro s s t he LAN), the tun neling co mma nd is us ed.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-36 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Flow con trol is maint ained e nd-to- end. T his was previo usly called re - mote switch ing or t unneling . Runni ng X .25 over TCP /IP prov ides a number of be nefits. O ther rout- ers can switch IP datag ram s containing t he X.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 37 2524UM point C and po ints A and B ar e tun nele d. Kee palives are ena bled to maint ai n c onnect ion noti fi cation.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-38 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Confi guration f or Router Y servic e tc p-ke epalives -in servic e tc p-ke epalives -out interf ace ethernet 0 ip add ress 172 .20.1.2 255.255.255.0 ! interf ace serial 0 x25 lt c 5 x25 pv c 1 tunn el 172.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 39 2524UM tion wa s n ot t rue, resu ltin g in my sterio us problem s. The curr ent imple- mentat ion's p ractice of sig n aling th e v alues in the Call Con fi rm packe t avoid s these prob lems.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-40 Au gus t 1997 2524UM connect ion establis hment fa il s, the next destinati on will b e tried. Up to six XOT d estina tion addresses can be e ntered. To configure an XOT r oute wit h alternate add resse s, thus adding it to the X.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 41 2524UM Spe cify a CMNS Static Map of Addres s es After enablin g CMNS on a nonse rial interf ace (or sp ecifying X.25 en- capsulat io n on a ser ial int erface) , y ou must map NSAP a ddress es to ei- ther MAC -layer add resses o r X.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-42 Au gus t 1997 2524UM interf ace serial 1 encaps ulat ion x25 x25 ma p cm ns 3 8.8261.1 000. 0150 .1000.20 Example: CMNS Switched over a PDN This example depicts swi tching CMNS ov e r a packet-swi tched P DN.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 43 2524UM interf ace token 0 cmns e nabl e x25 ma p cm ns 3 8.8261.1 7 08 00.4 e02.1f9f Th i s c on fig ura ti on s pe ci fi es t ha t tra ff ic fr om any o ther i n terface on Cisco Rou ter C2 t ha t is in te nded fo r a n y NS A P a ddress w ith NSAP- prefix 38.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-44 Au gus t 1997 2524UM sides of a r emote l ink to Host C (on an Ethernet) and Host B (o n a Token Ring), with a dedic ated le ased line providi ng the connection. This con figuratio n list ing al lows resources on e ithe r side of the leased line to cal l Host C or Host B.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 45 2524UM Th i s c on fig ura ti on s pe ci fi es t ha t tra ff ic fr om any o ther i n terface on Cisco Rou ter C4 t ha t is in te nded fo r a n y NS A P a ddress w ith NSAP- prefix 38.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-46 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Create an Access List To specify the a c cess con d itions, r estrict incom ing and ou tgoing con- necti ons betw een a p articular V.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 47 2524UM Apply an Access List to a Line In line conf igu ratio n mod e, apply an access l ist t o a vir tual line by re- stri cting.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-48 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configu re LAPB You can use onl y LAPB as a ser ial encaps ulatio n method if you hav a pr ivate ser ial lin e. Yo u must us e one of t he X. 25 packet-lev el encap- sulat ions when at taching to an X.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 49 2524UM 2. In int erface c onfigu ration mode , sele ct a n enca psulation and pro- tocol if using a si ngle protoc ol or select t.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-50 Au gus t 1997 2524UM ters can be m odifie d t o change LA PB protocol performance on parti cular link . Because X.2 5 operat es the PLP on top o f the LAPB proto col, these ta sks apply to both X. 25 links an d LAPB links.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 51 2524UM z LAPB M o dulo a nd LA PB K. Th e LAPB modul o dete rm ines the operat ing mod e. Modulo 8 ( basic mode ) is widely available, be- cause it is required for al l standard LAPB implementa tio ns and is suffi ci en t fo r most l in k s.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-52 Au gus t 1997 2524UM z LAPB T4. The LAPB stand a rds d e fi ne a timer to dete ct un sig- naled l i nk fai lu res (T4) . Th e T 4 tim e r is re set ev ery time a frame is re ceived from the par tner on the link.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 53 2524UM Note: The lapb hold-queue command is no longer supp or te d , but the s ame f unct i on a li t y is p ro v id ed by the hold-queue size out stan dard qu eue co ntrol com mand.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-54 Au gus t 1997 2524UM z Displa y CMNS c onnectio ns o ver LLC2. show llc 2 z Displa y the protocol-to -X.121 address map . show x25 map z Displa y rou tes assi gn ed by t he x25 route c omm and. show x25 route z Displ ay deta ils of activ e virtu a l cir cuits.
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 55 2524UM lows fo r success ful ping comm ands. A s im ilar co n fig u ration is r e quired for the same su bnet IP addres ses to work across X.25. Figur e 12-8:Parallel Serial Lines to an X.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-56 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Confi guration f or Router B interf ace serial 0 ip 172 .20.170. 3 25 5.255.25 5.0 x25 ad dres s 31 37005406 5 x25 ma p ip 172.20. 170. 1 31 37005406 8 x25 ma p ip 172.20. 170. 2 31 37005406 8 ! interf ace serial 3 ip 172 .
Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 12- 57 2524UM This entry a llows the remote router t o ret urn a boot image from the host to th e ro ute r bo otin g over X.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-58 Au gus t 1997 2524UM.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 13- 1 2524UM Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Configuratio n Steps Introd uction Thi s chapt er descri bes how to p erform a variety of f rame re lay c onfig- uratio n ta sks and en abl e f r ame rel ay encapsula t ion.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-2 Au gust 199 7 2524UM The Fra me Rel ay interface actu ally consist s of one physical connec tion between the ne twork se rver an d t h e s witch that p rovides the serv ice.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 13- 3 2524UM Examples: IETF Encapsulation The firs t exa mple sets IETF encapsul atio n at the interface level. The second exam ple sets I ETF encaps ulation on a p er-DLC I bas is.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-4 Au gust 199 7 2524UM To establi sh static mapp ing according t o your network nee ds, perform one of th ese tasks in int erface conf igura tion mode: z Define the mapping betwe en a next hop protocol address and the DLCI used t o c onnect t o t he add ress.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 13- 5 2524UM Confi guration f or Router 2 interf ace seria l 0 ip add ress 131 .108.64. 1 25 5.255.25 5.0 encaps ulat ion frame-relay keepal ive 1 0 frame- rela y ma p ip 131 .108 .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-6 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Th e ro ut er decodes the re pl y and con fi g u res its elf au toma ti ca ll y. If more than one reply is received, the route r conf igures itself acco rding to the most recent reply , accomm odatin g intelligent switc hes that can handle mul tiple fo rmats simu ltaneou sly.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 13- 7 2524UM Set the LMI Keepalive Interval A keepali ve interv al must be set to conf igure the LMI. B y default , this inte rval is 10 seconds and, per t he L MI p rotoc ol, mus t be less than the corresp onding i nterval on the s wi tch.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-8 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Configu re Frame Relay Switched Virtual Circuits Currentl y, acces s to F ram e Relay net works is made th rough pr ivate leased lin es at speeds ranging f rom 56 kbps to 45 Mbps .
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 13- 9 2524UM 3. Enable Fra me Relay encapsu lation on th e inter face. encapsulation frame-relay 4. A ssig n a map group to t he inte rface. map-group group-name 5. Enable Fra me Relay SVC support on the int erface.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-10 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 2. Specify the subin t er face IP addr ess, i f needed. ip address ip-address mask 3. A ssig n a map group to t he subin ter face. map-group group-name Example: SVCs on a Subinterface This exampl e c onfigu res a poi nt-to-p oint inter face for S VC o p eration.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 11 2524UM Defin e another m ap cla s s and it s QO S s et t ings: map-cl ass rainbow frame -rel ay c ir in 64 000 frame -rel ay i dle-time r 20 00 Configure a Map Class Beginning in g lob al c onfigurat ion mode, c onfigure a map class: 1.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-12 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 12. Set the outgoing exce ss burst size (Be). frame-relay be out bits 13. Set the idle timeout int e rval . frame-relay idle-timer durat ion You can def ine multi pl e map cl as s es. A map c la ss is associa ted with a stat ic map, no t with the int erface or su bint erface.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 13 2524UM By def a ult , th e Frame R ej ect f ram e i s s en t at t he L APF F r am e Reject proced ure. Note : Man i pu l a tio n of Laye r 2 p a ra meters is n o t re comm ended if yo u do not know well the resulting fu nctional change.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-14 Au gus t 1997 2524UM By defin in g separate virtua l circuits for differen t types of t r affic and specif ying q ueuing and an outbound tra ffic rate for e ach v ir tua l circuit, you can provi de guara ntee d b andwidth for each t ype of traff ic.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 15 2524UM Define a Map Clas s wi th Qu e ui ng an d Tr aff ic Sh api ng Parameters Whe n you de f ine a ma p c las s fo r F rame R el ay, y o u ca n d efi ne the av- erage and peak rat es (in bi ts per second) al lowed on v irtual circuits as- sociate d with the map class.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-16 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Define Custom Queue Lists for the Map Clas s You c an de fine a q ueue list for a pro tocol and a defaul t qu eue list. You can also spec ify t h e maximum number of bytes t o be t rans mitted in any cycle .
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 17 2524UM interf ace Serial0 no ip add ress encap sula tion fra me-r elay frame -rel ay l mi-type ansi frame -rel ay t raffic-s hapi ng frame -rel ay c lass slo w_vc s ! interf ace Serial0.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-18 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Custo m ize Fra me Relay for Your Network Perform these task s to customize Frame Rela y : z Confi gure Fr am e Relay Subin ter faces.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 19 2524UM Config uring Frame Relay subi nterfaces ensures that a single physical inter face is trea ted as mu ltiple vir tual in terfa c e s. This capa b il ity allows us t o ov erco m e s pl it ho ri z on ru les .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-20 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Figur e 13-2:Using Subinterfaces to Prov ide Full Co nnectiv- ity on a Partially Meshed Frame Relay N etwork Define Frame Relay Subinterfaces Config ure subint erfaces on a Frame Rela y ne t w ork: 1.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 21 2524UM Define Subinterface Addr essing For poin t-to-p oint subint erfa ces, the destination is pres umed to be kno wn and is ident ified o r implied in the frame-relay inter- face -dlc i command.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-22 Au gus t 1997 2524UM You can confi gure some protoc ols for dynamic address mapping and othe rs for s tatic addr ess mapping.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 23 2524UM interf ace Serial0 no ip add ress encap sula tion fra me-r elay frame -rel ay l mi-type ansi ! interf ace Serial0.103 mult ipoi nt ip ad dres s 17 2.21.177 .18 255.255.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-24 Au gus t 1997 2524UM The br oadc as t keyword i s requi red for ro utin g protocols s uch as OSI pr otocol s and th e Open Shor test Path First (OSPF) protocol.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 25 2524UM Poin t- t o - Poi nt Su bint erf ac es In inter face con figurati on mode, conf igure tra nsparent b ri dging for point- to-p oint subint erfaces: 1. Sp ec ify a seri al i n ter fa ce.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-26 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Confi guration f or Router B frame- rela y sw itching ! interf ace token-ring 0 ip add ress 131 .108.178 .1 2 55.255.2 55.0 ! interf ace serial 0 no ip address encaps ulation frame-relay IETF bandwi dth 384 clockr ate 4000000 frame- rela y in tf-type d c e ! interf ace serial 0.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 27 2524UM Example: Transparen t Bridging Usi ng Subint er faces In this exa mple, Frame Rela y DL CIs 42, 64, and 73 ar e t o be used a s separ ate poin t-to -point links with trans parent br idgi ng run ning over them.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-28 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 3. Co nfigure t he subi nterface. interface serial number.subinterface-number point-to-point 4. Specify a DLC I for the subinter face. frame-relay interface-dlci dlci 5. Sp ec ify a bac kup int er face for t h e subin terface.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 29 2524UM In F igur e 13-3 , Rout ers A , B, an d C ar e F rame Re lay DTEs c onnected to each oth er via a Fr am e Relay network. Our implemen tatio n o f Frame Relay switchin g a llows o ur dev ices to be used as depicte d i n this Fra me Rel ay network.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-30 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Example: P VC Switching Configuration Yo u c a n co n f i gure y o ur ro ut e r as a d ed ic ated, D CE-onl y Fr a m e R ela y switch . Swi tching is b ased on DLC Is . T he in com i ng D LC I i s e xa m- ined, a nd th e outgoin g interface and D LCI are determined .
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 31 2524UM Example: P ure Fram e Relay DCE Using th e PV C switch ing feature , it is possib le t o bu ild an e n t i re Frame Relay netwo rk using our routers. In this exampl e, Router A and Router C a ct a s F rame R ela y swi tch es i mpl em enti ng a two -node netwo rk.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-32 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Confi guration f or Router A frame- rela y sw itching ! interf ace ethernet 0 no ip address shutdo wn ! interf ace ethernet 1 no ip a.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 33 2524UM Confi guration f or Router C frame- rela y sw itching ! interf ace ethernet 0 no ip address shutdo wn ! interf ace .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-34 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Example: Hyb r id DTE /DCE PVC Switching Route rs ca n als o be configure d as h ybrid DTE/ DCE F rame Relay switch es (s ee Figur e 13-6 ). Figur e 13-6:Hybrid DTE/DCE PV C Switching In this exa mple, Router B acts as a h ybrid DT E/DCE Fr ame Relay switch .
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 35 2524UM Confi guration f or Router B frame- rela y sw itching ! interf ace ethernet 0 ip add ress 131 .108.123 .231 255 .255.255 .0 ! interf ace ethernet 1 ip add ress 131 .108.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-36 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Example: Switching over an IP T unnel You can switch ov er an IP tunn el by cr eating a point -to- point tunnel across th e int ernetwor k over whic h PVC switching ca n take place (s e Figure 13-7 ).
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 37 2524UM Confi guration f or Router A frame- rela y sw itching ! interf ace Ethernet0 ip add ress 108 .131.123 .231 255 .255.255 .0 ! interf ace Ethernet1 ip add ress 131 .108.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-38 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Disable or Reenab le Frame Relay Inverse ARP Frame Relay Inver se ARP is a method of bui lding dynamic a ddress mappings in Frame Relay net works running IP a n d No vell IPX.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 39 2524UM inter fac e buf fe rs a nd l e ad t o high er pa ck e t ra te l oss for both user dat and routin g up dates. To a void s uc h pro blem s, y ou can c r e at e a s pec ia l br oa d cast queue for an inter face.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-40 Au gus t 1997 2524UM A typical TCP /IP packet inclu des a 40-byte datagr am hea der. Once a connect ion is estab lis hed, the header inf ormation n eed not b e repeated in every p acke t th at is s ent .
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 41 2524UM In inter face con figurati on mode, conf igur e a n I P ma p to use Cisco enca p sul at i on an d TCP / I P header c omp ression: frame-relay map ip ip-address dlci [broadcast] cisco tcp headercompression {active | passive} The default encapsul ation is ci sco.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-42 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Example: I P Map with I nherite d TCP/IP Header Compression This e xample shows an int erf ace co n fi gu red f or TCP /I P h e ade r co m- pressi on and an IP map that inherits t he compres sion characte ri stics.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 43 2524UM Disable TCP/IP Hea der Compres sion You c a n di sa b le TCP/ I P h ea de r comp ression by usi ng eit h er of two .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-44 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Use the show frame-relay map com mand to display the result ing compre ssion and enca psulation chara cter istics: Router > sh ow f rame-rel ay m ap Serial 1 (admi nist ratively down): ip 1 31.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 45 2524UM Configure Disc ard Eli gibility Yo u can spe ci fy whi ch Fr am e Rela y p ack et s ha ve low prior ity or low time se nsitivit y a nd will b e th e firs t to be dro pped w hen a F ram e Re lay switch is cong ested .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-46 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Before yo u con figur e the DLCI priority l evel s, complete these t a sks: 1. Define a global p riorit y list. 2. Enable F r a me Relay e nc apsulation, as d e s cribed earlier in this sec- tion .
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 47 2524UM Monitor the Frame R elay Conne ctions To monitor Frame Relay c onnectio ns, perform any of these tasks in EXEC mod e: z Clear dynamically c reated F rame Relay maps, w hich ar e created by the use o f Inv erse AR P.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-48 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Inter operabi lity is prov ided by IETF enca p sulation. frame- rela y ma p ip 131 .108 .123.3 4 9 br oadcast iet f frame- rela y ma p ip 131 .108 .123.7 5 8 br oadcast This line al low s the ro ute r to co nnect with a device runn ing an older version of softw are.
Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Conf iguration Step s August 19 97 Page 13- 49 2524UM In this cas e, 100 is the DLCI that can get to host 13 1.108 .126 .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-50 Au gus t 1997 2524UM.
Chapter 14: T1 Interface Co nfiguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 14- 1 2524UM Chapter 14: T1 In terface Configuration St eps Introd uction Thi s chapter describ es how to confi gu re the AI25 24 for fracti onal T1 .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 14-2 Au gust 199 7 2524UM To gu arant ee th e one s den si ty r eq ui re me nt on an A MI lin e us ing th FT1/T1 CSU/DSU module, type t hi s in i nterface con f.
Chapter 14: T1 Interface Co nfiguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 14- 3 2524UM To tr an sm it p acke ts wi t hou t dec r easing out going signal str ength, typ this i n i n t erf ac e con f igu r a ti.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 14-4 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Super Frame configured, the r emote al ar m conditio n is sig nalled out of b an d i n t he faci li ty data l in k . You can s ee if th e FT1/T1 CSU/DSU is receiv ing a remote al a rm (yel- low a larm) by is suing the show service-module com mand .
Chapter 14: T1 Interface Co nfiguration Step s August 19 97 Pa ge 14- 5 2524UM Spe cify Timeslots To define timeslots for FT 1/T1 module, typ e this in interface configu- ration m od e: service-module.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 14-6 Au gust 199 7 2524UM.
Chapter 15: 56/64-kbps Switch ed and Digital Data Services (DDS) In terfac e August 19 97 Pa ge 15- 1 2524UM Chapter 15: 56/64-kb ps Swi t ch ed and Digital Data Servic es (DDS ) Interface Configuratio n Steps Introd uction Thi s cha pter descri bes how to configure 2- and 4 -wire 56/64 kbps ser- vice module s .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 15-2 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Set the Net work Line S peed In i nte rfa ce co n fig u r ation mo d e, co n fi gur e t he net wo r k l i ne speed for a 4 -wir e 56/64-k bps CSU/DSU module: service-module 56k clock r ate line-speed You can use the fo llowing line speed setting s: 2.
Chapter 15: 56/64-kbps Switch ed and Digital Data Services (DDS) In terfac e August 19 97 Pa ge 15- 3 2524UM Enable Scrambled Data Coding In interface configura tion m ode, prevent application data fr.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 15-4 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Enable Accept ance of a Remote Loopback Req uest In interface configura tion mode, enable the ac ce ptanc e of a remot loopbac k r equ.
Chapter 16: Basic Configura tion August 19 97 Pa ge 16- 1 2524UM Chapter 16: Basic Configuration Conne cting to the Network Conne cting to an Ethernet Netw o rk The AI252 4 can b e connected to an Ethern et netwo rk b y: z Using a st raight-t hro ugh 1 0Bas eT cab le to conne ct the 10BaseT port to a 10B aseT hub.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 16-2 Au gust 199 7 2524UM Booting the Route r for the First Time Each t ime y ou power on the rout er, it go es throug h thi s boot sequence: 1. The router g oe s t hrough power-o n s elf-t est diagno stics to verify basi c opera tion of th e CPU, memo ry, and inte rfaces.
Chapter 16: Basic Configura tion August 19 97 Pa ge 16- 3 2524UM Warning: Acquire th e correc t network addresses from your system administ rator or consult your ne twork pl an to determin correct addr esses befo re yo u be gin to configure the r ou ter.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 16-4 Au gust 199 7 2524UM 6. T o se e the con figurati on in NVR AM, enter t h show startup- conf ig co mma nd at the enabl e prompt: Router # sh ow s tartup-c .
Chapter 16: Basic Configura tion August 19 97 Pa ge 16- 5 2524UM 4. T u rn O N power to the router. The rou ter wi ll lo ad the opera tin g syst em image from Fla sh m em- ory. If the r emote en d of the WAN conne ction is c onnected and prope rly co n fi gu red , the AutoInst all process wi ll b egin.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 16-6 Au gust 199 7 2524UM To accept the defa ult answe r, press <E nter>; ot h erwise ent er y our re- spo nse. This s ectio n gives an example configu ration us ing the System Config- urati on Dialo g. Whe n you are configur ing your ro uter, re spond as ap propr ia te f or yo ur n e tw ork.
Chapter 16: Basic Configura tion August 19 97 Pa ge 16- 7 2524UM System Boo tstrap, Version X.X( XXXX ) [X XXXX XX ], R ELEASE S OFTW A R E Copyri ght (c) 1986 -199 2 by Cis co S yste m s 2500 p roce .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 16-8 Au gust 199 7 2524UM 4. When the System Config uration Dialog ask s whether yo u want to view t h e cur rent in terfa c e su mm ary, press < Re turn>.
Chapter 16: Basic Configura tion August 19 97 Pa ge 16- 9 2524UM 7. Enter the en able and vi rtual termi nal pas swords: Enter enable password: s h o v e l Enter virtual term inal password: vt e rm l 8.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 16-10 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configu ring the Ether net or Token Ri ng In terfa c es Take thes e steps to c onfigu re the Ether net or T oken Ring interf ace to allo w c ommu nicatio n over a LA N.
Chapter 16: Basic Configura tion August 19 97 Page 16- 11 2524UM 3. Deter mine if you are going t o e nable IPX on the inte rfa ce. I f so, enter ye s and th en enter the unique IPX netwo rk nu mber: .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 16-12 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 3. Config u re the second sy n chronous s e ri al interface, for ex ample, as: Config urin g in terface Seri all: Is this interface i.
Chapter 16: Basic Configura tion August 19 97 Page 16- 13 2524UM 2. Enter the configure terminal comm and. Router # co nfig ter m 3. If yo u have no t al read y done so, enter the isdn switch-type command to conf igu r e the ISDN switch type: router (config ) # ISDN switch- type swi tch-typ e 4.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 16-14 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 6. T o s et u p a sec o nd B cha nn el fo r ba ndw i dth on d e ma nd, enter the load-th resho ld command to set th e I SDN load threshol d. The load thresho ld det ermines t he percentage of ne twork load ing at w hich the se cond ISDN B c ha nn el is tr iggere d.
Chapter 16: Basic Configura tion August 19 97 Page 16- 15 2524UM 1. Enter enable mode: Router > en able passwo rd: enablepasswor d 2. E nter c onf igura tion mode: Router # co nfig ter m Router (con fig) # 3.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 16-16 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Configu ring DDS The 4-wir e 56/64-kbp s DSU/CSU WAN modul e is con f igured for DDS (whi ch are l eased or dedi cated lines) as the factor y defa u lt, but it ca n be con fi gu red fo r e it h er s witc h e d 56/ 64- k bps ser vic e or DDS.
Chapter 16: Basic Configura tion August 19 97 Page 16- 17 2524UM Configu ring the Fractional T1/ T1 DSU/CSU WAN Module This secti on des cribes how to config ur e the fraction al Tl/T 1 DSU/ CSU W A N.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 16-18 Au gus t 1997 2524UM 6. Return to user EXEC mod e : Router (config- if)# exi t Router (con fig) # ex it Router # ex it Router > Spe c if ying the Boot .
Chapter 16: Basic Configura tion August 19 97 Page 16- 19 2524UM 2. TFTP server If F lash m emory is n ot avail able , or i f Flas h mem ory do es not con- tain a va l id Cisco IOS im age, yo u can spec ify that system sof tware be loaded from a TFTP serv er o n your netwo rk as a back up b oot metho d for the ro uter.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 16-20 Au gus t 1997 2524UM Checking the Configu ration Setti ngs Enter the show version comman d to c heck the softwar e version (thi rd line f rom the top i n .
Chapter 17: Command References August 19 97 Pa ge 17- 1 2524UM Chapter 17: Command Refer ences Introd uction Thi s cha pter con tains a l ink to the AI2524/Ci sco I OS v. 11 .2 documen- tati on. Command References Refer to the Cisco C omm and Referenc e c hapters on the AI25 24/Cisco IOS v.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 17-2 Au gust 199 7 2524UM.
Chapter 18: System Error Messages August 19 97 Pa ge 18- 1 2524UM Chapter 18: System Error Messages Introd uction Thi s cha pter con tains a l ink to the AI2524/Ci sco I OS v. 11 .2 documen- tati on. System Err or Messages Refer to the Cisco C omm and Referenc e c hapters on the AI25 24/Cisco IOS v.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 18-2 Au gust 199 7 2524UM.
Chapter 19: D ebug Command Referen c e August 19 97 Pa ge 19- 1 2524UM Chapter 19: Debug Command Referen ce Introd uction Thi s cha pter con tains a l ink to the AI2524/Ci sco I OS v. 11 .2 documen- tati on. Debug Command Reference Refer to the Cisco C omm and Referenc e c hapters on the AI25 24/Cisco IOS v.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 19-2 Au gust 199 7 2524UM.
Appendix A: Release Notes August 19 97 Page A-1 2524UM Appendix A: Release Notes.
AI2524 Router Card User ’ s Manual Page A-2 Au gus t 1997 2524UM.
R N194 Page --1 AISwitch Release Notes AI25 24, Versi o n 1.00 Router Card August 1997 Applied Innovation, Inc. 5800 Innova ti on D rive Dub lin, Oh i o 43 016-3271 (614) 798 -2000 (800) 247 -9482 FAX.
AI2524 Router Card, V ersion 1.00 Release Notes August 1997 Page 0 RN194 Copyright © C op yr ight 1983-1 997 A pplie d Inn ovation Incor porated (AII). The materi al discussed in this ma nu al is the propriet ary pro perty of AII a nd AII ret ains all ri ghts to reproduct ion an d dist ribution of this document .
August 1997 AI2524 Router Card, Version 1.00 Release Notes R N194 Page 1 AISwitch Release Notes AI25 24, Versi o n 1.00 Router Card August 1997 New Featu res The se re lease no tes document new or enha nced f eatures and com mands, u pgrade instructi ons, an d problem r esolutions for the AI2524 Router c ard.
AI2524 Router Card, V ersion 1.00 Release Notes August 1997 Page 2 RN194 ISDN/BRI In ferf ace The AI2524 I SDN/BRI module pro vides th e digitaliz ation of t ele- pho ne ne twork so that vo ice, dat a.
August 1997 AI2524 Router Card, Version 1.00 Release Notes R N194 Page 3 Configu ring IS DN If you ha ve a n ISDN B RI WAN mo du le, con fi gure the BR I port for ISDN.
AI2524 Router Card, V ersion 1.00 Release Notes August 1997 Page 4 RN194 5. Some I SDN sw i tch t ypes, such as B asic NI1 or DMS-100 s witch se r vic e, r eq ui re y ou to co nf igure a serv ic e p ro fi le i de nt ifie (SPID) .
Appendix B: Acrony ms August 19 97 Pa ge B-1 2524UM Appendix B: Acronyms Acronym Defini tion AAA Authenticatio n, Authorization, and Accounting AMI Alternate Mark Inversion ANSI Amer i can National St.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page B-2 Au gus t 1997 2524UM CIP Channel Interface Protocol CIR Committed Information Rate CLI Command Line Interface CLNS Connectionless Network Services CMNS Conn.
Appendix B: Acrony ms August 19 97 Pa ge B-3 2524UM DTE Data T erminal Equipment EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol ESF Extended Supe r frame FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface FIFO Firs t-In First-Out .
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page B-4 Au gus t 1997 2524UM LAP B Link Access Proce dure Balanced LAP B Link Access Proce dure Balanced LAPF L ink Access Proce dure for Fram e Relay LA T Local-A .
Appendix B: Acrony ms August 19 97 Pa ge B-5 2524UM NCIA Native Client Interface Architecture NET Network Entity T itles NETID Ne twork Identif ier NLSP Netware Li nk Services Protocol NMP Network Pro.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page B-6 Au gus t 1997 2524UM RIP Routing Information Protocol ROM Read Only M emory RPOA R ecognized Private Operation Agency RSRB R emote Source-Route Bridging R T.
Appendix B: Acrony ms August 19 97 Pa ge B-7 2524UM UDP User Datagram Protocol UP Usage Parameter URL Universal Re source Locator VCN V irtual C ir cuit Nember VPDN V irtual Pr ivate Dial-up Network VTY V irtual T erminal WA N W ide Ar ea Network XNS Xerox Network Systems XOT X.
AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page B-8 Au gus t 1997 2524UM.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Applied Innovation Router AI2524 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Applied Innovation Router AI2524 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Applied Innovation Router AI2524 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Applied Innovation Router AI2524 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Applied Innovation Router AI2524, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Applied Innovation Router AI2524.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Applied Innovation Router AI2524. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Applied Innovation Router AI2524 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
