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Highlights Page 1 of 1 August 2003 Honeywell Aerospace Electronic Systems CES–Phoenix P .O. Box 21 1 1 1 Phoenix, Arizona 85036–1 1 1 1 U.S.A. TO: HOLDERS OF THE PRIMUS R 660 DIGIT AL WEA THER RADAR SYSTEM PILOT’S MANUAL, HONEYWELL PUB. NO. A28–1 146–1 1 1 REVISION NO.
Printed in U.S.A. Pub. No. A28–1 146–1 1 1–03 February 1998 Revised August 2003 Honeywell Aerospace Electronic Systems CES–Phoenix P .O. Box 21 1 1 1 Phoenix, Arizona 85036–1 1 1 1 U.
ASSOCIA TE MEMBER Member of GAMA General A viation Manufacturer’s Association E PRIMUS and LASEREF are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell DA T A NA V is a U.S. trademarks of Honeywell E 2003 Honeywell International Inc. PROPRIETAR Y NOTICE This document and the information disclosed herein are proprietary data of Honeywell.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 3 RR–1/(RR–2 blank) Record of Revisions Record of Revisions Upon receipt of a revision, insert the latest revised pages and dispose of superseded pages. Enter revision number and date, insertion date, and the incorporator ’ s initials on the Record of Revisions.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 RTR–1/(R TR–2 blank) Record of T emporary Revisions Record of T emporary Revisions Upon receipt of a temporary revision, insert the yellow temporary revision pages according to the filing instructions on each page.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 3 LEP–1 List of Effective Pages List of Effective Pages Original 0 . . . . Feb 1998 Revision 1 .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 3 List of Effective Pages LEP–2 Subheading and Page Revision Subheading and Page Revision Radar Facts (cont) 5–13 0 5–14 0 5–1.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 3 LEP–3/(LEP–4 blank) List of Effective Pages Subheading and Page Revision Subheading and Page Revision Appendix A (cont) A–6 0 .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC–1 T able of Contents Section Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. SYSTEM CONFIGURA TIONS 2-1 . . . . . . . . .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC–2 T able of Contents (cont) Section Page 5. RADAR F ACTS ( CONT ) Additional Hazards 5-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ground Mapping 5-56 .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC–3 T able of Contents (cont) A FEDERAL A VIA TION ADMINISTRA TION (F AA) ADVISORY CIRCULARS ( CONT ) Subject: Thunderstorms A –3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC–4 T able of Contents (cont) List of Illustrations (cont) Figure Page 5– 1 Positional Relationship of an Airplane and Storm Cells Ahead as Displayed on Indicator 5-2 .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC–5 T able of Contents (cont) List of Illustrations (cont) Figure Page 5– 32 Probability of T urbulence Presence in a Weather T arget 5-35 . . . . . . . . . . .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC–6 T able of Contents (cont) List of Illustrations (cont) Figure Page B– 1 EHSI Display Over KPHX Airport With the EGPWS Display B –5 . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 T able of Contents TC – 7/(TC – 8 blank) T able of Contents (cont) List of T ables (cont) T able Page 7– 4 Pitch Offset Adjustment Procedure 7-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7– 5 Roll Stabilization (While T urning) Check Procedure 7-9 .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 1-1 Introduction 1. Introduction The PR IMUS R 660 Digit al Weather Radar Sy stem is a lightweight , X–band digital radar with alphanumeric s des igned for weather detection (W X) and ground mapping (G MAP ).
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Introduction 1-2 Th e radar indicator is equipped with the universal digital interface (UDI).
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 2-1 System Configurations 2. System Configurations The PRIMUS R 660 Digital W eather Radar System can be operated in many configurat.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 System Configurations 2-2 NOTES: 1. When W AIT , SECTOR SCAN, or FORCED ST ANDBY are activated, the radar operates as if in single controller configuration. This is an exception to the ability of each pilot to independently select modes.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 2-3 System Configurations The third system configuration is similar to the second except that a Honeywell multifunction display (MFD) system is added. As before, single o r dual controllers can be used.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 System Configurations 2-4 Equipment covered in this manual is listed in table 2 – 2 and shown in figure 2 –2.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 2-5/(2-6 blank) System Configurations WC– 660 WEA THER RADAR CONTROLLER WI– 650/660 WEA THER RADAR INDICA TOR WU– 660 RECEIVER.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 3-1 Operating Controls 3. Operating Controls There are two basic controllers that are described in this section. They are (in order of description): WI–650/660 Weather Radar Indicator WC–660 Weather Radar Controller .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-2 WI– 650/660 Weather Radar Indicator Front Panel V iew Figure 3 –2 1 WX (WEA THER) The WX button is used to select the weather mode of operation.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-3 Operating Controls W ARNING WEA THER TYPE T ARGETS ARE NOT CALIBRA TED WHEN THE RADAR IS I N THE GMAP MODE.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-4 4 TGT (T ARGET) The TGT button is an alternate – action switch that enables and disables the radar target alert feature. T arget alert is selectable in all but the 300 – mile range.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-5 Operating Controls 5 DISPLA Y AREA See figure 3 – 3 and the associated text that explains the alphanumeric display .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-6 ON – Places the system in the operational mode selected by the WX or MAP (GMP) button. When WX is selected, the system is fully operational and all internal parameters are set for enroute weather detection.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-7 Operating Controls The TGT alert mode can be used in the FP mode. With target alert on and the FP mode selected, the target alert armed annunciation (green TGT) is displayed. The RT A searches for a hazardous target from 5 to 55 miles and ± 7.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-8 7 GAIN The GAIN knob is a single – turn rotary cont rol and push/pull swit ch that is used to control the receiver gain. Push in on the GAI N switch to enter the syst em into the preset calibrated gain mode.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-9 Operating Controls 9 BRT (Brightness) or BRT/LSS (Lightning Sensor System) The BR T knob is a single – turn control that adjusts the brightness of the display . CW rotation increases display brightness and ccw rotation decreases brightness.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-10 WC– 660 WEA THER RADAR CONTROLLER OPERA TION The controls and display features of the WC – 660 Weather Radar Controller are indexed and identified in figure 3 – 4.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-1 1 Operating Controls 1 RANGE Th e RANGE switches are two momentary contact buttons that are used to select the operating range of the radar (and LSS if installed). The system permits selection of ranges in WX mode from 5 to 300 NM full scale.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-12 4 TGT (T ARGET) The TG T swit ch is an alternate – ac tion, but ton that enables and disables the radar tar get alert feature. T arget alert is selectable in all but the 300 – m ile range.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-13 Operating Controls 6 TIL T The TIL T knob is a rotary cont rol that is used to select the tilt angle of antenna b eam with relat ion to the horiz on. CW rotat ion t ilts beam upward 0 to 15 ; ccw rot ation tilts beam downward 0 to – 15 .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-14 9 RADAR This rotary switch is used to select one of the following functions.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-15 Operating Controls As a constant reminder that GMAP is selected, the GMAP legend is displayed i n the mode field, and the color scheme is changed to cyan, yellow , and magenta.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Operating Controls 3-16 FSBY (FORCED ST ANDBY) FSBY is an automatic, nonselectable radar mode. As an installation option, the R T A can be wired to the weight – on – wheels (WOW) squat switch.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 3-17/(3-18 blank) Operating Controls In GMAP mode, variable gain is used to reduce the level of strong returns from ground targets. Minimum gain is attained with the control at its full ccw position.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 4-1 Normal Operation 4. Normal Operation PRELIMINAR Y CONTROL SETTINGS T able 4–1 gives the power–up procedure for the PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Normal Operation 4-2 Step Procedure 5 When power is first applied, the radar is in W AIT for approximately 90 seconds to allow the magnetron to warm up. Power interruptions lasting less than 3 seconds result in a 6–second wait period.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 4-3 Normal Operation AD–51774@ VOR1 VOR2 TEST +1 1 HDG 319 25 15 DTRK 315 GSPD MAG1 321 TGT FMS1 130 NM V 260 KTS 50 GRA Y MAGENT .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Normal Operation 4-4 NOTES: 1. Ref er to the specific EFIS manual for a detailed descript ion.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 4-5 Normal Operation In the absence of intervening targets, the range at which the cyan field starts i s approximately 290 NM with a 12 – inch antenna. For the 18 – inch antenna, the cyan field starts beyond 300 NM and therefore is not seen if there are no intervening targets.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Normal Operation 4-6 T est Mode The PRIMUS R 660 Digital W eather Radar System has a self – test mode and a maintenance function. In the self – test (TST) mode a special test pattern is displayed as illustrated earlier in this section.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 5-1 Radar Facts 5. Radar Facts RADAR OPERA TION The PRIMUS R 660 Digital W eather Radar works on an echo principle. The radar sends out short bursts of electromagnetic energy that travel through space as a radio wave.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-2 AD–12055–R2@ 40 20 100 WX AIRCRAFT HEADING 80 60 +0.6 Positional Relationship of an Airplane and Storm Cells Ahead as Displayed on Indicator Figure 5–1 The drawing is laid out to simulate the face of the indicator with the semicircular range marks.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-3 Radar Facts SWEEP ORIGIN ANTENNA AD–17716–R2@ THUNDERSTORM THUNDERSTORM TRANSMITTER INDICA TOR SCAN Antenna Beam Slicing Out.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-4 When the antenna is tilted downward for ground mapping, two phenomena can occur that can confuse the pilot. The first is called ” The Great Plains Quadrant Effect ” that is seen most often when flying over the great plains of central United States.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-5 Radar Facts TIL T MANAGEMENT The pilot can use tilt management techniques to minimize ground clutter when viewing weather targets. Assume the aircraft is flying over relatively smooth terrain that is equivalent t o sea level in altitude.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-6 Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude 12– Inch Radiator Figure 5 –6 AD54258@ Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-7 Radar Facts T ables 5 – 1 and 5 – 2 give the approximate tilt settings that the ground targets begin to be displayed on the image periphery for 12 – and 18– inch radiators.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-8 RANGE SCALE (NM) AL TITUDE (FEET) 25 50 100 200 300 LINE OF SIGHT (NM) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-9 Radar Facts RANGE SCALE (MILES) AL TITUDE (FEET) 5 10 25 50 100 200 LINE OF SIGHT (MILES) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-10 T ilt management is often misunderstood. It is crucial to safe operation of airborne weather radar . If radar tilt angles are not properly managed, weather targets can be missed or underestimated.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-1 1 Radar Facts D Convective thunderstorms become much less reflective above the freezing level. This reflectivity decreases gradually over the first 5000 to 10,000 feet above the freezing level, as shown in figure 5–10.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-12 D Proper tilt management demands that tilt be changed continually when approaching hazardous weather so that ground targets are not painted by the radar beam, as shown in figure 5 –12.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-13 Radar Facts D Under the right conditions, a dangerous thunder bumper can develop in 10 minutes, and can in fact spawn and mature under the radar beam as the aircraft approaches it, as shown in figure 5 – 14.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-14 D The antenna size used on the aircraft alters the best tilt settings by about 1 _ . However , tilt management is the same for either size, as shown in figure 5–16.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-15 Radar Facts ST ABILIZA TION The purpose of the stabilization system is to hold the elevation of the antenna beam relative to the earth ’ s surface constant at all azimuths, regardless of aircraft bank and pitch maneuvers.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-16 A vertical gyroscope contains a gravity – sensitive element, a heavily dampened pendulous device that enables the gyro to erect itself to earth gravity at the rate of approximately 2 _ /min.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-17 Radar Facts LEVEL FLIGHT ST ABILIZA TION CHECK Check stabilization in level flight using the procedure in table 5 –3. Step Procedure 1 T rim the aircraft for straight and level flight in smooth, clear air over level terrain.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-18 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Upper Right) Figure 5 –19 AD–17722.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-19 Radar Facts W allowing (Wing W alk and Y aw) Error A condition where the greatest intensity of ground targets wanders around the screen over a period of several minutes should not be confused with antenna mounting error .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-20 Symmetrical Ground Returns – Good Roll Stabilization Figure 5 –21 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Understab.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-21 Radar Facts AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Overstabilization in a Right T urn Figure 5 –23 AD–17723–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-22 Pitch Gain Error If the aircraft is in a pitch maneuver and you see ground returns that are not present in level flight, the pitch gain is most likely misadjusted.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-23 Radar Facts AD–53797@ 60 GMAP 40 20 100 80 Understabilized in Pitch –Up Figure 5 –26 AD–53798@ 60 GMAP 40 20 100 80 Overstabilized in Pitch –Up Figure 5 –27 Refer to Section 7, In – Flight Adjustments, for adjustment procedures.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-24 INTERPRETING WEA THER RADAR IMAGES From a weather standpoint, hail and turbulence are the principal obstacles to a safe and comfortable flight. Neither of these conditions is directly visible on radar .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-25 Radar Facts The following are some truths about weather and flying, as shown in figure 5 –29. D T urbulence results when two air masses at different temperatures and/or pressures meet.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-26 RED LEVEL* NAUTICAL MILES RAINFALL RA TE 60 80 40 20 0 VISIBLE CLOUD MASS RAIN AREA (ONL Y THIS IS VISIBLE ON RADAR.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-27 Radar Facts T o find a safe and comfortable route through the precipitation area, study the radar image of the squall line while closing in on the thunderstorm area.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-28 WEA THER DISPLA Y CALIBRA TION Ground based Nexrad radars of the National Weather Service display rainfall levels in dBZ, a decibel scaling of an arbitrary reflectivity factor (Z).
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-29 Radar Facts 300 NAUTICAL MILES DISPLA Y LEVEL RAINF ALL RA TE MM/HR RAINF ALL RA TE IN.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-30 VIP Level Rainfall rate in mm/hr Storm Category dBZ Level 6 Greater than 125 Extreme Greater than 57 5 50 – 125 Intense 50 – 57 4 25 – 50 V ery Strong 45 – 50 3 12 – 25 Strong 40 – 45 2 2.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 5-31 Radar Facts RAIN ECHO A TTENUA TION COMPENSA TION TECHNIQUE (REACT) Honeywell’ s REACT feature has three separate, but related functions.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-32 The receiver gain is adjusted to maintain target calibration. Since there is a maximum limit to receiver gain, strong targets (high attenuation levels) cause the receiver to reach its maximum gain value in a short time/short range.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-33 Radar Facts AD–51778–R1@ With REACT Selected AD–54262@ Without REACT REACT ON and OFF Indications Figure 5–31.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-34 Shadowing An operating technique sim ilar to the REACT blue field is shadowing. T o use the shadowing technique, tilt the ant enna down until ground is being paint ed jus t in fr ont of the storm cell(s ).
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-35 Radar Facts Although penetrating a storm with a red (level three) core appears to be an acceptable risk, it is not. At the lower end of the red zone, there is no chance of extreme turbulence, a slight chance of severe turbulence, and a 40% chance of moderate turbulence.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-36 T urbulence levels are listed and described in table 5 –8. INTENSITY AIRCRAFT REACTION REACTION INSIDE AIRCRAFT LIGHT Turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude (pitch, roll, yaw).
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-37 Radar Facts RELA TIVE FREQUENCY 60% 40% 20% 0% 80% 100% 1/2 ” HAIL 1/4 ” HAIL 3/4 ” AND LAGER HAIL AD–15358–R1@ LEVEL.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-38 Using a tilt setting that has the radar look into the area of maximum reflectivity (5000 to 20,000 ft) gives the strongest radar picture. However the tilt setting must not be left at this setting.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-39 Radar Facts The more that is learned about radar , the more the pilot is an all–important part of the system. The proper use of controls is essential to gathering all pertinent weather data.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-40 Another example of the pilot ’ s importance in helping the radar serve its safety/comfort purpose is shown in figure 5 – 37. This is the blind alley or box canyon situation.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-41 Radar Facts Azimuth Resolution When two targets, such as storms, are closely adjacent at the same range, the radar displays them as a single target, as shown in figure 5 – 38. However , as the aircraft approaches the targets, they appear to separate.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-42 RADOME Ice or water on the radome does not generally cause radar failure, bu t it hampers operation. The radome is constructed of materials that pass the radar energy with little attenuation.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-43 Radar Facts WEA THER A VOIDANCE Figure 5 – 39 illustrates a typical weather display in WX mode. Recommended procedures when using the radar for weather avoidance are given in table 5 – 9.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-44 Step Procedure 3 Any storm with reported tops at or greater than 20,000 feet must be avoided by 20 NM. W ARNING DR Y HAIL CAN BE PREV ALENT A T HIGHER AL TITUDES WITHIN, NEAR, OR ABOVE STORM CELLS, AND SINCE ITS RADAR REFLECTIVITY IS POOR, IT can NOT BE DETECTED.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-45 Radar Facts Step Procedure 7 A void all rapidly moving echoes by 20 miles. A single thunderstorm echo, a line of echoes, or a cluster of echoes moving 40 knots or more often contain severe weather .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-46 Step Procedure 10 (cont) 2. Disturbed Wind Flow . Sometimes thunderstorm updrafts block winds near the thunderstorm and act much like a rock in a shallow river bed.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-47 Radar Facts Step Procedure 11 Never continue flight towards or into a radar shadow or the blue REACT field. W ARNING STORMS SITUA TED BEHIND INTER VENING RAINF ALL CAN BE MORE SEVERE THAN DEPICTED ON THE DIS- PLA Y .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-48 N AD–15560–R1@ T ypical Hook Pattern Figure 5 –40 The hooks are located at the right rear side of the thunderstorm echo ’ s direction of movement (usually the southwest quadrant).
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-49 Radar Facts A VOID V – NOTCH BY 20 MILES A large isolated echo sometimes has the configuration that is shown in figure 5 – 41. This echo is called V – notch or flying eagle although some imagination may be needed by the reader to see the eagle.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-50 A VOID PENDANT BY 20 MILES The pendant shape shown in figure 5 – 42, represents one of the most severe storms – the supercell. One study concluded that, in supercells: D The average maximum size of hail is over 2 inches (5.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-51 Radar Facts A VOID STEEP RAIN GRADIENTS BY 20 MILES Figure 5 – 43 shows steep rain gradients. Refer to the paragraph, Interpreting Weather Radar Images, in this section, for a detailed explanation of weather images.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-52 10 20 30 40 50 AD–22161–R1@ Crescent Shape Figure 5 –44 Line Configurations A VOID THUNDERSTORM ECHOES A T TH.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-53 Radar Facts A VOID LINE ECHO W A VE P A TTERNS (LEWP) BY 20 MILES One portion of a line can accelerate and cause the line to assume a wave– like configuration. Figure 5 – 45 is an example of an LEWP .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-54 A VOID BOW – SHAPED LINE OF ECHOES BY 20 MILES Sometimes a fast moving, broken to solid thunderstorm line becomes bow– shaped, as shown in figure 5 – 46.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-55 Radar Facts Additional Hazards TURBULENCE VERSUS DIST ANCE FROM STORM CORE The stronger the return, the further the turbulence is encountered from the storm core at any altitude.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-56 GROUND MAPPING Ground mapping operation is selected with the GMAP button. An example of ground map display is shown in figure 5 – 47. T urn the TIL T control down until the desired amount of terrain is displayed.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 5-57 Radar Facts RANGE SCALE (NM) AL TITUDE (FEET) 10 25 50 100 200 LINE OF SIGHT (NM) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Radar Facts 5-58 RANGE SCALE (MILES) AL TITUDE (FEET) 5 10 25 50 100 200 LINE OF SIGHT (MILES) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 3 6-1/(6-2 blank) Maximum Permiss ible Expos ure Lev el (MPEL) 6 . Maximum Permissible Exposure Level (MPEL) Heating and radiation effect s of weather radar can be hazardous to lif e.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 7-1 In–Flight Adjustments 7. In–Flight Adjustments PITCH AND ROLL TRIM ADJUSTMENTS The PRIMUS R 660 is delivered from the Honeywell factory or repair facility adjusted for correct pitch and roll stabilization and should be ready for use.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-2 NOTES: 1. Depending on the installation, not all of the adjustments shown in table 7 – 1 are available. If ST A B TRIM ENABLE programming pin is open, only the roll offset adjustment is available.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-3 In – Flight Adjustments Level Fight Stabilization Check Follow the procedure in table 7 – 2 to determine if you need to perform the roll offset adjustment.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-4 Symmetrical Ground Returns Figure 7 –1 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-5 In – Flight Adjustments AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Left) Figure 7 –3 ROLL OFFSET ADJUSTMENT Y ou can make an in – flight adjustment when level flight stabilization errors are detected.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-6 Step Procedure 4 Adjust the tilt down until a solid band of ground returns are shown on the screen. Then adjust the tilt until the green region of the ground returns start at about 40 NM.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-7 In – Flight Adjustments AD–51776@ WX Roll Offset Adjustment Display – Initial Figure 7 –4 WX AD–51777–R1@ Roll Offse.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-8 PITCH OFFSET ADJUSTMENT This in – flight adjustment is made in straight and level flight when the ground returns do not follow the contours of the radar display range arcs.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-9 In – Flight Adjustments ROLL ST ABILIZA TION CHECK Once proper operation in level flight has been established, you can verify correct roll stabilization using the procedures in table 7 –5.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-10 Symmetrical Ground Returns, Level Flight and Good Roll Stabilization Figure 7 –6 AD–17721–R2@ 6.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-1 1 In – Flight Adjustments AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Overstabilization in a Right Roll Figure 7 –8 ROLL GAIN ADJUSTMENT This in – flight adjustment is made in a bank when the ground returns do not remain symmetrical during turns.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-12 Step Procedure 6 From the roll of fset entry menu, push the ST AB (STB) button twice more to bring up the roll gain entry menu. 7 T o change the roll gain value, pull out the GAIN knob and rotate it.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-13 In – Flight Adjustments Step Procedure 5 If the display of ground returns goes out in range, the pitch is understabilized. See figure 7 –10. 6 If the display of ground returns comes in closer in range, the pitch is overstabilized.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight Adjustments 7-14 60 WX 40 20 100 80 AD–53802@ Understabilized in Pitch Up Figure 7 –10 Overstabilized in Pitch Up .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 7-15/(7-16 blank) In – Flight Adjustments PITCH GAIN ADJUSTMENT This in – flight adjustment is made in a bank when the ground returns do not follow the contours of the range arcs during turns.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 8-1 In–Flight T roubleshooting 8. In–Flight T roubleshooting The PRIMUS R 660 Digital W eather Radar System can provide troubleshooting information on one of two formats: D Fault codes D T ext faults.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight T roubleshooting 8-2 TEST MODE WITH TEXT F AUL TS ENABLED When airborne, if the radar is switched to TEST mode, any current faults are displayed.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 8-3 In – Flight T roubleshooting 100 60 40 20 TEST WEATHER INDICA TOR 1234 AD–46709@ PILOT MESSAGE FIELD F AUL T CODE/ POWER ON .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight T roubleshooting 8-4 Radar Indication With T ext Fault Enabled (On Ground) Figure 8 –3 PILOT EVENT MARKER At any tim.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 8-5 In – Flight T roubleshooting F AUL T CODE AND TEXT F AUL T RELA TIONSHIPS T able 8 – 2 lists the relationship between: D Fault codes (FC) D Pilot/Maintenance (MAINT) Messages D Fault Name/type/description/cross reference (XREF).
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight T roubleshooting 8-6 FC F AUL T TYPE LINE MAINT PILOT MSG F AUL T NAME F AUL T DESCRIPTION XREF 4813 T iming FPGA RAM .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 8-7 In – Flight T roubleshooting FC F AUL T TYPE LINE MAINT PILOT MSG F AUL T NAME F AUL T DESCRIPTION XREF 4840 AGC Limiting PICT.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 In – Flight T roubleshooting 8-8 T able 8 – 3 describes the pilot messages. Pilot M S G Description RADAR F AIL The radar is currently inoperable and should not be relied upon. It needs to be replaced or repaired at the next opportunity .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 9-1 Honeywell Product Support 9. Honeywell Product Support Honeywell SPEX R program for corporate operators provides an extensive exchange and rental service that complements a worldwide network of support centers.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Honeywell Product Support 9-2 The Honeywell Support Centers listed below will assist with processing exchange/rental orders.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 9-3 Honeywell Product Support CUSTOMER SUPPORT CENTERS – NORTH AMERICA ( CO NT ) Miami Support Center Honeywell Inc.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Honeywell Product Support 9-4 PUBLICA TION ORDERING INFORMA TION Additional copies of this manual can be obtained by contacting: Honeywell Inc. P .O. Box 29000 Business and Commuter A viation Systems Phoenix, Arizona 85038 –9000 Attention: Publication Distribution, Dept.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 10-1 Abbreviations 10. Abbreviations Abbreviations used in this manual are defined as follows: TERMS DEFINITION AC Advisory Circular.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Abbreviations 10-2 TERMS DEFINITION ft Feet, Foot GMAP , GMP Ground Mapping GPS Global Positioning System GSPD Groundspeed HOLDA Hol.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 10-3/(10-4 blank) Abbreviations TERMS DEFINITION REG Register R T A Receiver T ransmitter Antenna RX Receiver SBY , STBY Standby SCI.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 A–1 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars Appendix A Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circula.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A–2 Precautions Management and supervisory personnel should establish procedures for advising personnel of dangers from operating airborne weather radars on the ground.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 A–3 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars COMBUSTIBLE MA TERIALS T o prevent possible fuel ignition, an insulated airborne weather radar should not be operated while an aircraft is being refueled or defueled.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A–4 Hazards A thunderstorm packs just about every weather hazard known to aviation into one vicious bundle.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 A–5 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars TURBULENCE D Potentially hazardous turbulence is present in all thunderstorms, and a severe thunderstorm can destroy an aircraft.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A–6 0 5 10 15 COLD Schematic Cross Section of a Thunderstorm Figure A–1 HAIL D Hail competes with turbulence as the greatest thunderstorm hazard to aircraft.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 A–7 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars LOW CEILING AND VISIBILITY Generally , visibility is near zero within a thunderstorm cloud. Ceiling and visibility may also be restricted in precipitation and dust between the cloud base and the ground.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A–8 The National W eather Service (NWS) radar observer is able to objectively determine storm intensity levels with VIP equipment.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 A–9 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars D Don’ t attempt to fly under a thunderstorm even if you can see through to the other side. T urbulence and wind shear under the storm could be disastrous.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A–10 D If using airborne radar , tilt the antenna up and down occasionally . This will permit you to detect other thunderstorm activity at altitudes other than the one being flown.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 A– 11 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars TURBUL ENCE AND ECHO INTE NSI T Y ON NW S RADAR (WSR – 57) The .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A–12 TURBULENCE ABOVE STORM TOPS Flight data shows a relationship between turbulence above storm tops and the airspeed of upper tropospheric winds.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 A– 13/(A – 14 blank) Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars MODIFICATION OF CRITERIA WHEN SEVERE STORMS AND .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 B–1 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) Appendix B Enhanced Ground–Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) The AlliedSignal Mark VII EGPWS combines information from aircraft navigation equipment (i.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Enhanced Ground – Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) B–2 PUSH BUTTON CONTROLS The following remotely mounted push buttons control.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 B–3 Enhanced Ground – Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) Related EGPWS System Operation Some installations may have a DA T A – .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Enhanced Ground – Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) B–4 EGPWS Display The EGPWS displays is shown as variable dot patterns in green , yellow , or red .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 B–5 Enhanced Ground – Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) Figure B – 1 shows the EGPWS over KPHX airport at 2000 feet mean sea level heading north. The terrain shows the mountains to the north of Phoenix.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Enhanced Ground – Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) B–6 EGPWS T est When the EGPWS is selected for display , it can be tested. Push the remote mounted EGPWS TEST button to display the test format shown in figure B –2.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146–1 1 1 REV 2 Index Index–1 Index A Abbreviations, 10-1 Accelerative Error , 5-15 Additional hazards, 5-55 turbulence versus distance from storm.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–2 Index (cont) F Fault code and text fault relationships, 8-5 pilot messages, 8-8 Federal Aviation Administration (F A.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–3 Index (cont) L Level flight stabilization check, 5-17, 7-3 stabilization in straight and level flight check procedur.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–4 Index (cont) weather radar controller operation, WC – 660 (cont) RCT (rain echo attenuation compensation technique.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–5 Index (cont) azimuth resolution, 5-41 hail size probability , 5-36 shadowing, 5-34 spotting hail, 5-37 turbulence pr.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–6 Index (cont) System configurations, 2-1 dual configuration, 2-1 dual control mode truth table, 2-3 equipment list, 2.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–7 Index (cont) versus distance from storm core, 5-55 versus distance from storm edge, 5-55 visual appearance of storm .
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1 146– 11 1 REV 2 Index Index–8 Index (cont) W eather radar controller operation, WC – 660 (cont) SL V (slave) (dual installations only), 3-13 ST .
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Honeywell AD-54257@ è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Honeywell AD-54257@ - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Honeywell AD-54257@ imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Honeywell AD-54257@ ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Honeywell AD-54257@, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Honeywell AD-54257@.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Honeywell AD-54257@. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Honeywell AD-54257@ insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
