Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto 2470 del fabbricante Fluke
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PN 3974971 December 2010 © 2010 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Pri nted in U SA. Speci fications are subje ct to change w ithout notice. All product names are trademarks of their respectiv e companies.
LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defec ts in material a nd workmanship under norm al use and service. The warranty period is one year and begi ns on the date of shipment. Parts, product repairs, and services are warranted for 90 days.
i Table of Contents Chapter Title Page 1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 1-1 How to Contact Fluke ..................................................................................
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual ii Precautions ......................................................................................................... 5-1 General ..............................................................................................
iii List of Tables Table Title Page 1-1. Symbols ......................................................................................................
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual iv.
v List of Figures Figure Title Page 2-1. Simple Cylinder ..................................................................................................... 2-1 2-2. Re-Entrant Cylinder ...............................................................
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual vi 6-11. Preparing the Kim Wipe for Cleaning the High Range Cylinder - Step 2 ............. 6-11 6-12. Preparing the Kim Wipe for Cleaning the High Range Cylinder - Step 3 ............. 6-11 6-13. Cleaning the High Range Cylinder .
1-1 Chapter 1 Introduction How to Contact Fluke To order accessories, receive operating assistance, or get the location of the nearest Fluke distributor or Service Center, call: • Technical Support .
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 1-2 Lubricants and Seals DO NOT use hydrocarbon lubricants in this device, use only approved lubricants. Always use replacement parts specified by Fluke. For more information regarding comm on repl acement parts and recommended lubricants, see Appendix B.
Introduction Specifications 1 1-3 Specifications Low Range Piston Pressure Range (Model 2465) 1.4 to 172 kPa (0.2 to 25 psi) psi gauge Pressure Range (Model 2468) 1.4 to 345 kPa (0.2 to 50 psi) psi gauge Pressure Uncertainty Rating 0.0010% (10 ppm) or 0.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 1-4 Temperature Range Operating 18 ºC to 28 ºC Storage -40 ºC to 70 ºC when thermometer and lo w range piston & Cylinder are stored separately from each other.
2-1 Chapter 2 General Piston Pressure Gauge Considerations Types of Piston Pressure Gauges The piston pressure gauge is sometimes regard ed as an absolute instrument because of the principle by which it measures pressure.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 2-2 SEC O N D A RY P RESSU RE PRE S S U RE I N glg45.eps Figure 2-3. Controlled Clearan ce Cylinder When the simple cylinder of 2-1 is subjected to an increase in pressure, the fluid, exerting a relatively large total force normal to the surface of confinement, expands the cylinder and thus increases its area.
General Piston Pressure Gauge Consideration s Calculations 2 2-3 Measurement of pressure with the piston pressure gauge is subject to uncertainties resulting from effects other than those of elastic distortion.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 2-4 Elastic Distortion of the Cylinder As the pressure is increased within a piston pressure gauge, the resulting stress produces a temporary and reversible deformation of the cylinder. The net effect is a change in the effective area of the piston-cylinder combin ation.
General Piston Pressure Gauge Consideration s Measurement of Pressure with the Piston Pressure Gau ge 2 2-5 Although the trend is swinging toward the use of true mass in favor of apparent mass, there is a small advantage in the use of the latter.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 2-6 It is common practice to associate this positi on directly with the piston as the datum to which all measurements made with the piston are referenced. It is called the reference plane of measurement, and its location is dete rmined from the dimensions of the piston.
General Piston Pressure Gauge Consideration s Measurement of Pressure with the Piston Pressure Gau ge 2 2-7 glg03.bmp Figure 2-5. Head Correction Measurement () g h P P P AIR m H * * − = Where: h is.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 2-8 For good work, a piston pressure gauge should be provided with an index mark for associating the reference of the piston with othe r planes of interest within a system.
General Piston Pressure Gauge Consideration s Measurement of Pressure with the Piston Pressure Gau ge 2 2-9 6. Johnson, D. P., and D. H. Newhall, "T he Piston Gauge is a Precise Measuring Instrument", Trans. of ASME, April, 1953. 7. Newhall, D.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 2-10.
3-1 Chapter 3 Description General Information The RUSKA Gas Lubricated Piston Pressure Gauge, model 2470 is a pneumatic pressure standard designed for the accurate genera tion and measurement of gas pressures to 3000 psig.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 3-2 Description of the Mass Set All masses of the Mass Set as supplied with this gauge are made of non-magnetic, austenitic (series 300) stainless steel (1). They are machined from rolled stock or forgings, and the removal of any metal is performed in such a way as to maintain balance about the centerline.
Description Description of the Gauge Base 3 3-3 gmq05.bmp Figure 3-2. Base wi th 2468 P/C Installed.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 3-4.
4-1 Chapter 4 Installation Introduction The gauge should be installed in a room wh ere the temperature is maintained between 18 ºC to 28 ºC. The actual temperature is not as important as the stability in temperature. There should not be excessive personnel tra ffic and air drafts.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 4-2 4. Mount the FPIs (Float Position Sensors) to the blocks, orient the FP I sensors such that their cables are trail away from the base in the same direction as the PRT cable. 5. Route the cables from the FPIs and the PRT such that they do not interfere with other activities on the calibration bench.
Installation Introduction 4 4-3 gmq07.eps Figure 4-2. Plumbing and Reco mmended A ncillary Equipment.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 4-4.
5-1 Chapter 5 Operation Precautions 1. Do not over pressure the piston 2. Do not increase or decrease the pressure in the gauge rapidly. Alway s use a metering valve for flow control. If possible, hold a hand lig htly on the weights to protect the piston from injury.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 5-2 General The cross-section drawings of the Gauge found in Figures 5-1, 5-8 and 5-12 will aid in identifying and assembling the appropriate pa rts, and in determining the order of installation. If the High Range Piston Assembly is to be used, the 2470 Colum n adapter is required.
Operation Low Range Piston Asse mbly 5 5-3 gmq09.bmp Figure 5-1. Section Vie w, Low Range Piston/Cylinde r.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 5-4 F ilter 24-580 Low er Thrust Bearing 2460-4-25 Cylinder Upper T hrust Bearing 2460-5-6 F ilter Retainer 2460-4-27 O-ring 54-703-119 Piston Upper Thrust Wa s h e r 2460-5-5 gmq10.
Operation Low Range Piston Asse mbly 5 5-5 gmq12.bmp Figure 5-4. Removing Lo w Range Piston and Cylinde r from Container - Step 2 gmq13.bmp Figure 5-5.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 5-6 gmq14.bmp Figure 5-6. Low Range Pis ton and Cylinder Sho wing O-Ring Groove 5. When screwing the Retaining Cap (2460-4-7) on to the cylinder, a slight upward force may be necessary on the piston to properly seat the Piston Retainer (2460-5-5) into the inner recess of the Retaining Cap.
Operation Mid Range Piston Assemb ly 5 5-7 8. Install the weight adapter (P/N 2465-2470-736) to t he top of the low range piston cylinder. Take care to account for the ad apter in the pressure calculations.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 5-8 gmq16.bmp Figure 5-8. Section Vie w, Mid Range Piston/Cy linder.
Operation Mid Range Piston Assemb ly 5 5-9 Filter Lower Thrust Bearing Filter Retainer 2460-4-27 O-Rings 54-703-1 19 Lower Cylinder Spacer 2460-70-3 Piston/Cylinder Assembly Upper Cylinder Spacer 2460-70-2 gmq17.eps Figure 5-9. Parts Required for Ope ration of the Mid Range P/C gmq18.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 5-10 Upper Thrust Bearing 2460-21 Piston Cylinder Retaining Nut (Thrust Block) gmq19.eps Figure 5-11. Retaining Nut and Bearing High Range Piston Assembly Refer to Figure 5-12, 5-13, 5-14 and 5-15. The High Range Piston and Cylinder is installed as follows: 1.
Operation High Range Piston Assembly 5 5-11 When working at high pressures (over 100 ps i), or after reducing a high pressure to a lower pressure, the high range piston can sometimes seem sticky even if it is clean. Rotating the masses while gently bouncing the weights up and down usually frees the piston in a minute or so.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 5-12 gmq21.bmp Figure 5-13. Parts Re quired for High Range Piston Ope ration gmq22.bmp Figure 5-14. Al ways Use Two Hands to Carry a Piston/Cylinder A ssembly.
Operation Establishing Pressure 5 5-13 gmq23.bmp Figure 5-15. Orde r of Installation Establishing Pressure Gauge Pressures Pressure should be admitted slowly into the gauge, preferably through a me tering valve.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 5-14 gmq08.bmp Figure 5-16. Floa t Position When the piston is floating and rotating s l owly (suspended on a gas cushion between piston stops) and not oscillating and the system is at equilibrium , and the Floating position of the piston is within +/- .
Operation Maintenance of the Gauge 5 5-15 • WinPrompt ® provides simplicity and efficien cy combined with accuracy and consistency in pressure generation and me asurement using a deadweight gauge.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 5-16.
6-1 Chapter 6 Piston / Cylinder Cleaning Instructions General Information and Preparation When it is necessary to clean the Piston/Cylinder Assembly, the Piston Pressure Gauge must be partially disassembled and some of the components set aside until later.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 6-2 Being forewarned of the hazards, the technici an should wipe the bench and all instrument surfaces in the vicinity of the Piston Pressure Gauge before starting disassembly operations.
Piston / Cylinder Cleaning Instructions Cleaning the Low Range Pist on/Cylinder Assembly 6 6-3 5. Prepare additional wipers as necessary for drying the piston and cylinder once they have been washed with soap and water. 6. Scrub the bore of the cylinder using a soft bottle brush, Cashmere Bouquet soap and warm tap water.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 6-4 gmq25.bmp Figure 6-2. Preparations for Cleaning the Lo w Range Cylinder gmq26.bmp Figure 6-3. Preparing th e Kim-Wipes - Step 1.
Piston / Cylinder Cleaning Instructions Cleaning the Low Range Pist on/Cylinder Assembly 6 6-5 gmq27.bmp Figure 6-4. Preparing th e Kim-Wipes - Step 2 gmq28.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 6-6 gmq29.bmp Figure 6-6. Preparing the Low Range Cleaning Tool - Step 2 Mid Range Piston/Cylinder Cleaning supplies (see Figure 6-7) consist of: • Solvent, such as high grade alcohol or acetone • Low-lint paper wipers, such as Kimberly Clark, Kimwipes number 3415 5.
Piston / Cylinder Cleaning Instructions Mid Range Piston/Cylind er 6 6-7 gmq31.bmp Figure 6-8. Preparing the Mid Range Cleaning T ool 1. Prepare a clean work area near a running tap water source. 2. Prepare several sets of folded wipers as shown in Figures 6-2 through 6-4.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 6-8 16. If lint becomes a problem a clean dry gas sour ce can be used to blow the lint off of the parts prior to assembly. 17. Install the thrust bearing around the bottom of the piston. 18. Install the retaining nut on the bottom of the piston and tighten by hand.
Piston / Cylinder Cleaning Instructions Cleaning the High Rang e Piston/Cylinder Assembly 6 6-9 5. Pre-clean the piston and cylinder using solvent soaked wipers. 6. Prepare additional wipers as necessary for drying the piston and cylinder once they have been washed with soap and water.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 6-10 gmq33.bmp Figure 6-10. Preparing the Kim Wipe for Cleaning the High Range Cylinder - Step 1 gmq34.bmp Figure 6-11. Preparing the Kim Wipe for Cleaning the High Range Cylin.
Piston / Cylinder Cleaning Instructions Cleaning the High Rang e Piston/Cylinder Assembly 6 6-11 gmq35.bmp Figure 6-12. Preparing the Kim Wipe for Cleaning the High Range Cylinder - Step 3 gmq36.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual 6-12 gmq37.bmp Figure 6-14. Drying the High Range Cylinde r.
A-1 Appendix A Explanation of "Pressure Calculation Worksheet" Introduction See Tables at the end of this appendix. These tables may be used with gas and hydraulic piston pressure gauges that are operated with an atmospheric reference or vacuum reference.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual A-2 All of the calculations will be perform ed to this expected temperature ( t ) . A final trim would be calculated to adjust the piston gauge to the temperature of the piston at the time of the actual measurement. This correction is calculated in the last column of the worksheet.
Explanation of "Pressure Calculation Work sheet" Introduction A A-3 For SI Units : () [] b a g K ρ ρ / 1 / 1 1 2 − = where: 1 g = acceleration due to local gravity in m/sec 2 air ρ = density of air in g/cm 3 ; see Equation A-4 am ρ = density of apparent mass; for Apparent Mass versus Brass, 8.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual A-4 I. Column 5 is the pressure required at the refe rence plane of the piston pressure gauge to produce the desired pressure at the reference pl ane of the device being calibrated.
Explanation of "Pressure Calculation Work sheet" Introduction A A-5 O. Column 11, the remainder from Column 10, is the mass that must be placed on the piston pressure gauge to complete the mass needed to set the desired pressure.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual A-6.
A-7 PISTON PRESSURE GAUGE PRESSURE CALCULATION WORKSHEET (ENGLISH UNITS) Date Expected Temperature, (t) o C Reference Plane Difference, h inch A o(t) = A o(23) [1 + c(t-23 o C)] inch 2 Mass Set Serial No.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual A-8.
A-9 PISTON PRESSURE GAUGE PRESSURE CALCULATION WORKSHEET (SI UNITS) Date Expected Temperature, (t) o C Reference Plane Difference, h m A o(t) = A o(23) [1 + c(t-23 o C)] m 2 Mass Set Serial No.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual A-10.
B-1 Appendix B Equation A-4 — Air Density Equation A-4 — Air Density Air Density ( AIR P ) in units of g/cm 3 , is calculated as follows; () () () () () t e x U x P x t air + − = + − 15 .
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual B-2 Nitrogen Density — SI Units (0 to 6.9 MPa) To calculate the density of Nitrogen at pressu res from 0.01 MPa gauge to 6.9 MPa, use the following equation; () () P x E m kg DENSITY 05 1347 . 1 / 3 − = where; PRESSURE P = in Pa absolute (if P is in gauge, convert it to Pa absolute by adding barometric pressure, e.
Equation A-4 — Air Density Conversion Factors B B-3 Conversion Factors Table B-1. Conversion Factors To Convert From To Multiply By Pa N/m 2 1 N/m 2 Pa 1 Pa MPa 10 -6 MPa Pa 10 -6 N/m 2 MPa 10 -6 MPa N/m 2 10 -6 Pa PSI 1.450377 X 10 -4 PSI Pa 6894.76 MPa PSI 145.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual B-4.
C-1 Appendix C Glossary Glossary Ao Effective area of the piston/cylinder at zero pressure and at the reference te mperature. Absolute Pressure measurement referenced to absolute vacuum. See also Gauge. Apparent Mass Reference Density Density used to computer Apparent Mass values.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual C-2 Density, Air Density of the air used to computer the buoyant effect of air on the masses. May be entered directly or computed from ambient temperature, humidity and pressure. Density, Gas Density of the gas medium used to compute head corrections.
Glossary Glossary C C-3 Head Height Vertical distance between reference planes. A positive value indicates the Device Under Test is higher than the standard. Head Correction Pressure correction for head height. Humidity Current ambient relative humidity.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual C-4 Pressure Factor Correction for the effect of pressure on the area of the piston. Pressure Units : MPa Megapascals kPa kilopascals hPa hectopascals Pa Pascals bar bars psi p.
Glossary Glossary C C-5 SI Units : Pressure MPa Ao m 2 b1 m 2 /m 2 /MPa b2 m 2 /m 2 /MPa 2 c m 2 /m 2 / o C Mass kg Head Height cm Elevation m Length m Sink Rate cm/min Vacuum mtorr Temperature o C Trim g Gravity cm/sec 2 Density g/cm 3 Humidity % RH Sink Rate Rate of descent of piston into cylinder.
RUSKA 2470 Users Manual C-6.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Fluke 2470 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Fluke 2470 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Fluke 2470 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Fluke 2470 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Fluke 2470, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Fluke 2470.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Fluke 2470. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Fluke 2470 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
