Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto fx-9860G SD del fabbricante Casio
Vai alla pagina of 596
fx-9860G SD fx-9860G User’s Guide E http://edu.casio.com.
GUIDELINES LAID DOWN BY FCC RULES FOR USE OF THE UNIT IN THE U.S.A. (not appli- cable to other areas). NOTICE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
BEFORE USING THE CALCULA TOR FOR THE FIRST TIME... This calculator does not contain any main batteries when you purchase it. Be sure to perform the following procedure to load batteries, reset the calculator , and adjust the contrast before trying to use the calculator for the first time.
P button • If the Main Menu shown to the right is not on the display , open the back cover and press the P button located inside of the battery compartment. 5. Use the cursor keys ( f , c , d , e ) to select the SYSTEM icon and press w , then press 1 ( ) to display the contrast adjustment screen.
20050401 TURNING POWER ON AND OFF USING MODES BASIC CALCULA TIONS REPLA Y FEA TURE FRACTION CALCULA TIONS EXPONENTS GRAPH FUNCTIONS DUAL GRAPH DYNAMIC GRAPH T ABLE FUNCTION Quick-Start.
20050401 Quick-Star t We lcome to the world of graphing calculators. Quick-Start is not a complete tutorial, but it takes you through many of the most common functions, from turning the power on, and on to graphing complex equations.
20050401 2. Use defc to highlight RUN • MA T and then press w . This is the initial screen of the RUN • MA T mode, where you can perform manual calculations, matrix calculations, and run programs. BASIC CALCULA TIONS With manual calculations, you input formulas from left to right, just as they are written on paper .
20050401 1. Press !m to display the Setup screen. 2. Press cccccc 1 (Deg) to specify degrees as the angle unit. 3. Press J to clear the menu. 4. Press o to clear the unit.
20050401 FRACTION CALCULA TIONS Y ou can use the $ key to input fractions into calculations. The symbol “ { ” is used to separate the various parts of a fraction.
20050401 EXPONENTS Example: 1250 × 2.06 5 1. Press o . 2. Press bcfa*c.ag . 3. Press M and the ^ indicator appears on the display . 4. Press f . The ^5 on the display indicates that 5 is an exponent.
20050401 GRAPH FUNCTIONS The graphing capabilities of this calculator makes it possible to draw complex graphs using either rectangular coordinates (horizontal axis: x ; vertical axis: y ) or polar coordinates (angle: θ ; distance from origin: r ).
20050401 2. Press 1 (ROOT). Press e for other roots. Example 3: Determine the area bounded by the origin and the X = –1 root obtained for Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2) 1. Press !5 (G-SL V) 6 ( g ). 2. Press 3 ( ∫ dx ). 3. Use d to move the pointer to the location where X = –1, and then press w .
20050401 DUAL GRAPH With this function you can split the display between two areas and display two graph windows. Example: To draw the following two graphs and determine the points of intersection Y1 = X(X + 1)(X – 2) Y2 = X + 1.2 1. Press !m cc 1 (G+G) to specify “G+G” for the Dual Screen setting.
20050401 3. Use d e f c to move the pointer again. As you do, a box appears on the display . Move the pointer so the box encloses the area you want to enlarge.
20050401 4. Press 4 (V AR) b w to assign an initial value of 1 to coefficient A. 5. Press 2 (SET) b w d w b w to specify the range and increment of change in coefficient A. 6. Press J . 7. Press 6 (DYNA) to start Dynamic Graph drawing. The graphs are drawn 10 times.
20050401 TABLE FUNCTION The T able Function makes it possible to generate a table of solutions as different values are assigned to the variables of a function. Example: To create a number table for the following function Y = X (X+1) (X–2) 1. Press m .
20050401 Pr ecautions when Using this Pr oduct A progress bar and/or a busy indicator appear on the display whenever the calculator is performing a calculation, writing to memory (including Flash memory), or reading from memory (including Flash memory).
20050401 Handling Pr ecautions •Y our calculator is made up of precision components. Never try to take it apart. •A void dropping your calculator and subjecting it to strong impact. •D o not store the calculator or leave it in areas exposed to high temperatures or humidity , or large amounts of dust.
20050401 Be sure to keep physical records of all important data! Low battery power or incorrect replacement of the batteries that power the unit can cause the data stored in memory to be corrupted or even lost entirely . Stored data can also be affected by strong electrostatic charge or strong impact.
20050401 Contents Getting Acquainted — Read This First! Chapter 1 Basic Operation 1-1 Keys ................................................................................................. 1-1-1 1-2 Display ..........................................
20050401 Chapter 5 Graphing 5-1 Sample Graphs ................................................................................ 5-1-1 5-2 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen ................................. 5-2-1 5-3 Drawing a Graph ...........
20050401 3 Contents Chapter 8 Programming 8-1 Basic Programming Steps ................................................................ 8-1-1 8-2 PRGM Mode Function Keys ............................................................. 8-2-1 8-3 Editing Program Contents .
20050401 4 Contents Chapter 13 Using SD Cards (fx-9860G SD only) 13-1 Using an SD Card ........................................................................ 13-1-1 13-2 Formatting an SD Card .........................................................
20050401 Getting Acquainted — Read This First! About this User ’s Guide u ! x ( ) The above indicates you should press ! and then x , which will input a symbol. All multiple-key input operations are indicated like this. Key cap markings are shown, followed by the input character or command in parentheses.
20050401 0-1-1 Getting Acquainted u Graphs As a general rule, graph operations are shown on facing pages, with actual graph examples on the right hand page. Y ou can produce the same graph on your calculator by performing the steps under the Procedure above the graph.
20050401 Basic Operation 1-1 Keys 1-2 Display 1-3 Inputting and Editing Calculations 1-4 Option (OPTN) Menu 1-5 V ariable Data (V ARS) Menu 1-6 Program (PRGM) Menu 1-7 Using the Setup Screen 1-8 Using.
20050401 1-1 Keys 1-1-1 K eys.
20050401 Page Page Page Page Page Page 5-1 1- 1 Page Page Page Page Page 5-2-7 5-2-1 2-4-7 2-4-5 1-1-3 2-4-7 2-4-5 5-10- 1 5- 1 1 -9 1-2-3 1-6-1 1-1-3 1-4-1 1-5-1 1-2-1 1-7-1 2-4-5 2-4-5 2-4-5 2-4-5 2.
20050401 1-1-3 Keys k k k k k Key Markings Many of the calculator’s keys are used to perform more than one function. The functions marked on the keyboard are color coded to help you find the one you need quickly and easily . Function Key Operation 1 log l 2 10 x !l 3 B al The following describes the color coding used for key markings.
20050401 1-2-1 Display 1-2 Display k Selecting Icons This section describes how to select an icon in the Main Menu to enter the mode you want. u u u u u To select an icon 1. Press m to display the Main Menu. 2. Use the cursor keys ( d , e , f , c ) to move the highlighting to the icon you want.
20050401 1-2-2 Display Icon Mode Name Description S • SHT Use this mode to perform spreadsheet calculations. Each file (Spreadsheet) contains a 26-column × 999-line spreadsheet.
20050401 k k k k k About the Function Menu Use the function keys ( 1 to 6 ) to access the menus and commands in the menu bar along the bottom of the display screen. Y ou can tell whether a menu bar item is a menu or a command by its appearance. • Next Menu Example: Selecting displays a menu of hyperbolic functions.
20050401 k k k k k Normal Display The calculator normally displays values up to 10 digits long. V alues that exceed this limit are automatically converted to and displayed in exponential format. u How to interpret exponential format 1.2 E +12 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.
20050401 k k k k k Special Display Formats This calculator uses special display formats to indicate fractions, hexadecimal values, and degrees/minutes/seconds values. u Fractions ................. Indicates: 456 u Hexadecimal V alues .................
20050401 1-3 Inputting and Editing Calculations Note •U nless specifically noted otherwise, all of the operations in this section are explained using the Linear input mode. k k k k k Inputting Calculations When you are ready to input a calculation, first press A to clear the display .
20050401 In the Linear input mode, pressing !D (INS) changes the cursor to ‘‘ ’’. The next function or value you input is overwritten at the location of ‘‘ ’’.
20050401 1-3-3 Inputting and Editing Calculations u To insert a step Example T o change 2.36 2 to sin2.36 2 A c.dg x ddddd s u To change the last step you input Example T o change 369 × 3 to 369 × 2.
20050401 k k k k k Using Replay Memory The last calculation performed is always stored into replay memory . Y ou can recall the contents of the replay memory by pressing d or e . If you press e , the calculation appears with the cursor at the beginning.
20050401 1-3-5 Inputting and Editing Calculations # The copy range of text you can specify depends on the current “Input Mode” setting. Linear input mode: 1 character 1 line Multiple lines Math input mode: 1 line only k Making Corrections in the Original Calculation Example 14 ÷ 0 × 2.
20050401 3. Press 1 (COPY) to copy the highlighted text to the clipboard, and exit the copy range specification mode. To cancel text highlighting without performing a copy operation, press J . Math input mode 1. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor to the line you want to copy .
20050401 u Pasting T ext Move the cursor to the location where you want to paste the text, and then press ! j (P ASTE). The contents of the clipboard are pasted at the cursor position. A ! j (P ASTE) k k k k k Catalog Function The Catalog is an alphabetic list of all the commands available on this calculator .
20050401 k Input Operations in the Math Input Mode Selecting “Math” for the “Input Mode” setting on the Setup screen (page 1-7-1) turns on the Math input mode, which allows natural input and display of certain functions, just as they appear in your textbook.
20050401 u Math Input Mode Functions and Symbols The functions and symbols listed below can be used for natural input in the Math input mode. The “Bytes” column shows the number of bytes of memory that are used up by input in the Math input mode.
20050401 u Using the MA TH Menu In the RUN • MA T mode, pressing 4 (MA TH) displays the MA TH menu. Y ou can use this menu for natural input of matrices, differentials, integrals, etc. •{ MA T } ... {displays the MA T submenu, for natural input of matrices} •{ 2 × 2 } .
20050401 Example 2 T o input ( ) 1+ 2 5 2 A (b+ $ c c f e ) x w J Example 3 T o input 1+ x + 1 dx 0 1 A b+ 4 (MA TH) 6 ( g ) 1 ( ∫ dx ) a + (X) +b e a f b e w J 1-3-1 1 Inputting and Editing Calcula.
20050401 Example 4 T o input 2 × 1 2 2 1 2 2 A c* 4 (MA TH) 1 (MA T) 1 (2 × 2) $ b c c ee !x ( ) c e e !x ( ) c ee $ b c c w u When the calculation does not fit within the display window Arrows appe.
20050401 u Inserting a Function into an Existing Expression In the Math input mode, you can make insert a natural input function into an existing expression. Doing so will cause the value or parenthetical expression to the right of the cursor to become the argument of the inserted function.
20050401 u Functions that Support Insertion The following lists the functions that can be inserted using the procedure under “T o insert a function into an existing expression” (page 1-3-13). It also provides information about how insertion affects the existing calculation.
20050401 •N ote the following cursor operations you can use while inputting a calculation with natural display format. To do this: Press this key: Move the cursor from the end of the calculation to .
20050401 1-3-16 Inputting and Editing Calculations u Math Input Mode Input Restrictions Note the following restrictions that apply during input of the Math input mode. •C ertain types of expressions can cause the vertical width of a calculation formula to be greater than one display line.
20050401 1-4 Option (OPTN) Menu The option menu gives you access to scientific functions and features that are not marked on the calculator’s keyboard. The contents of the option menu differ according to the mode you are in when you press the K key .
20050401 u Option menu during numeric data input in the ST A T , T ABLE, RECUR, EQUA and S • SHT modes • { LIST } / { CPLX } / { CALC } / { HYP } / { PROB } / { NUM } / { ANGL } / { ESYM } / { FME.
20050401 1-5 V ariable Data (V ARS) Menu To recall variable data, press J to display the variable data menu. { V- W I N } / { F ACT } / { ST A T } / { GRPH } / { DYNA } / { T ABL } / { RECR } / { EQUA * 1 } / { TVM * 1 } See “8-7 PRGM Mode Command List” for details on the variable data (V ARS) menu.
20050401 u ST A T — Recalling statistical data • { X } … {single-variable, paired-variable x -data} •{ n } / { o o o o o } / { Σ x } / { Σ x 2 } / { x σ n } / { x σ n –1 } / { minX } / {.
20050401 u GRPH — Recalling Graph Functions •{ Y } / { r } ... {rectangular coordinate or inequality function}/{polar coordinate function} •{ Xt } / { Yt } ... parametric graph function {Xt}/{Yt} •{ X } ... {X=constant graph function} (Press these keys before inputting a value to specify a storage memory .
20050401 u RECR — Recalling Recursion Formula * 1 , T able Range, and T able Content Data • { FORM } ... {recursion formula data menu} • { a n } / { a n +1 } / { a n +2 } / { b n } / { b n +1 } / { b n +2 } / { c n } / { c n +1 } / { c n +2 } ..
20050401 1-6 Program (PRGM) Menu To display the program (PRGM) menu, first enter the RUN • MA T or PRGM mode from the Main Menu and then press ! J (PRGM). The following are the selections available in the program (PRGM) menu. • { COM } ...... {program command menu} • { CTL } .
20050401 1-7 Using the Setup Screen The mode’s Setup screen shows the current status of mode settings and lets you make any changes you want. The following procedure shows how to change a setup. u To change a mode setup 1. Select the icon you want and press w to enter a mode and display its initial screen.
20050401 u Mode (calculation/binary , octal, decimal, hexadecimal mode) •{ Comp } ... {arithmetic calculation mode} •{ Dec } / { Hex } / { Bin } / { Oct } ... {decimal}/{hexadecimal}/{binary}/{octal} u Frac Result (fraction result display format) •{ d/c }/{ ab/c }.
20050401 u Axes (graph axis display) •{ On } / { Off } ... {display on}/{display of f} u Label (graph axis label display) •{ On } / { Off } ... {display on}/{display of f} u Display (display format) •{ Fix } / { Sci } / { Norm } / { Eng } .
20050401 u Background (graph display background) •{ None } / { PICT } ... {no background}/{graph background picture specification} u Sketch Line (overlaid line type) •{ } / { }{ } / { } ... {normal}/{thick}/{broken}/{dot} u Dynamic T ype (dynamic graph type) •{ Cnt } / { Stop } .
20050401 * 1 The 365-day year must be used for date calculations in the TVM mode. Otherwise, an error occurs. * 2 Selecting “Form” (formula) causes a formula in the cell to be displayed as a formula. The “Form” does not affect any non-formula data in the cell.
20050401 1-8-1 Using Screen Capture 1-8 Using Screen Capture Any time while operating the calculator , you can capture an image of the current screen and save it in capture memory . u To capture a screen image 1. Operate the calculator and display the screen you want to capture.
20050401 1-9 When you keep having problems… If you keep having problems when you are trying to perform operations, try the following before assuming that there is something wrong with the calculator . k k k k k Getting the Calculator Back to its Original Mode Settings 1.
20050401 k k k k k Low Battery Message If either of the following messages appears on the display , immediately turn off the calculator and replace main batteries as instructed. If you continue using the calculator without replacing main batteries, power will automatically turn off to protect memory contents.
20050401 Manual Calculations 2-1 Basic Calculations 2-2 Special Functions 2-3 Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format 2-4 Function Calculations 2-5 Numerical Calculations 2-6 Complex Number Calcu.
20050401 2-1-1 Basic Calculations 2-1 Basic Calculations k k k k k Arithmetic Calculations •E nter arithmetic calculations as they are written, from left to right. •U se the - key to input the minus sign before a negative value. •C alculations are performed internally with a 15-digit mantissa.
20050401 2-1-2 Basic Calculations * 1 Displayed values are rounded off to the place you specify . k k k k k Number of Decimal Places, Number of Significant Digits, Normal Display Range [SET UP] - [Dis.
20061001 20070101 Example 200 ÷ 7 × 14 = 400 Condition Operation Display 200 / 7 * 14 w 400 3 decimal places !m (SET UP) f (or c 12 times) 1 (Fix) d wJw 400.000 Calculation continues using display capacity of 10 digits 200 / 7 w * 14 w 28.571 Ans × I 400.
20061001 20070101 2-1-4 Basic Calculations 2 Type B functions With these functions, the value is entered and then the function key is pressed. x 2 , x –1 , x! , ° ’ ”, ENG symbols, angle unit °, r , g 3 Power/root ^( x y ), x ' 4 Fractions a b / c 5 Abbreviated multiplication format in front of π , memory name, or variable name.
20061001 20070101 2-1-5 Basic Calculations # Most of the calculator’s keys are inoperative while an error message is displayed. Press J to clear the error and display the error position (see page 1-3-5). # See the “Error Message Table” on page α -1-1 for information on other errors.
20050401 •W hen you try to perform a calculation that causes memory capacity to be exceeded (Memory ERROR). •W hen you use a command that requires an argument, without providing a valid argument (Argument ERROR). •W hen an attempt is made to use an illegal dimension during matrix calculations (Dimension ERROR).
20050401 2-2 Special Functions k k k k k Calculations Using V ariables Example Operation Display 193.2 a av (A) w 193.2 193.2 ÷ 23 = 8.4 av (A) / 23 w 8.4 193.2 ÷ 28 = 6.9 av (A) / 28 w 6.9 k k k k k Memory u V ariables (Alpha Memory) This calculator comes with 28 variables as standard.
20050401 u To display the contents of a variable Example T o display the contents of variable A Aav (A) w u To clear a variable Example T o clear variable A A a a av (A) w u To assign the same value t.
20050401 u To store a function Example T o store the function (A+B) (A–B) as function memory number 1 ( av (A) + al (B) ) ( av (A) - al (B) ) K 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 3 (FMEM) 1 (STO) b w JJJ u To recall a.
20050401 2-2-4 Special Functions u To delete a function Example T o delete the contents of function memory number 1 A K 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 3 (FMEM) 1 (STO) b w •E xecuting the store operation while the display is blank deletes the function in the function memory you specify .
20061001 20070101 k Answer Function The Answer Function automatically stores the last result you calculated by pressing w (unless the w key operation results in an error).
20050401 2-2-6 Special Functions k k k k k History Function The history function maintains a history of calculation expressions and results in the Math input mode.
20050401 k Stacks The unit employs memory blocks, called stacks , for storage of low priority values and commands. There is a 10-level numeric value stack , a 26-level command stack , and a 10- level program subroutine stack .
20050401 k Using Multistatements Multistatements are formed by connecting a number of individual statements for sequential execution. Y ou can use multistatements in manual calculations and in programmed calculations. There are two dif ferent ways that you can use to connect statements to form multistatements.
20050401 2-3 Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format Before performing a calculation for the first time, you should use the Setup screen to specify the angle unit and display format. k k k k k Setting the Angle Unit [SET UP] - [Angle] 1. On the Setup screen, highlight “Angle”.
20050401 u To specify the number of significant digits (Sci) Example T o specify three significant digits 2 (Sci) d w Press the number key that corresponds to the number of significant digits you want to specify ( n = 0 to 9). Specifying 0 makes the number of significant digits 10.
20050401 2-4 Function Calculations k Function Menus This calculator includes five function menus that give you access to scientific functions not printed on the key panel. • The contents of the function menu differ according to the mode you entered from the Main Menu before you pressed the K key .
20050401 * 1 The { ° ’ ” } menu operation is available only when there is a calculation result on the display . * 2 The {ENG} and {ENG} menu operations are available only when there is a calculation result on the display . u u u u u Angle Units, Coordinate Conversion, Sexagesimal Operations (ANGL) [OPTN] - [ANGL] •{ ° } / { r } / { g } .
20050401 k k k k k Angle Units To change the angle unit of an input value, first press K 6 ( g ) 5 (ANGL). On the function key menu that appears, select “ ° ”, “r”, or “g”. •B e sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen. Example Operation To convert 4.
20050401 k k k k k T rigonometric and Inverse T rigonometric Functions •B e sure to set the angle unit before performing trigonometric function and inverse trigonometric function calculations. •B e sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
20050401 k Logarithmic and Exponential Functions •B e sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen. Example Operation log 1.23 (log 10 1.23) = 0.0899051 1 144 l 1.23 w log 2 8 = 3 <Line> K 4 (CALC) 6 ( g ) 4 (log a b) 2 , 8 ) w <Math> 4 (MA TH) 2 (log a b) 2 e 8 w In 90 (log e 90) = 4.
20050401 k Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions •B e sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen. Example Operation sinh 3.6 = 18.28545536 K 6 ( g ) 2 (HYP) 1 (sinh) 3.6 w cosh 1.5 – sinh 1.5 K 6 ( g ) 2 (HYP) 2 (cosh) 1.5 - = 0.2231301601 1 (sinh) 1.
20050401 k Other Functions •B e sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen. Example Operation + = 3.65028154 !x ( ) 2 + !x ( ) 5 w 25 = 1.755317302 <Line> (3 + i ) +0.
20050401 k Random Number Generation (Ran#) This function generates a 10-digit truly random or sequentially random number that is greater than zero and less than 1. •A truly random number is generated if you do not specify anything for the argument. Example Operation Ran# (Generates a random number .
20050401 2-4-9 Function Calculations k Coordinate Conversion u u u u u Rectangular Coordinates u u u u u Polar Coordinates •W ith polar coordinates, θ can be calculated and displayed within a range of –180 ° < θ < 180 ° (radians and grads have same range).
20050401 2-4-10 Function Calculations n ! n ! n P r = ––––– n C r = ––––––– ( n – r )! r ! ( n – r )! k Permutation and Combination u u u u u Permutation u u u u u Combination •B e sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
20050401 •B e sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen. Example Operation <Math> $ 2 c 5 e + !$ ( & ) 3 e 1 c 4 w <Line> 2 $ 5 + 3 $ 1 $ 4 w <Math> $ 1 c 2578 e + $ 1 c 4572 w <Line> 1 $ 2578 + 1 $ 4572 w <Math> $ 1 c 2 e * .
20050401 2-4-12 Function Calculations Switching between improper fraction and mixed fraction format Pressing the ! M ( < ) key toggles the display fraction between mixed fraction and improper fraction format.
20061001 2-5 Numerical Calculations The following describes the items that are available in the menus you use when performing differential/quadratic differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum value, and Solve calculations. When the option menu is on the display, press 4 (CALC) to display the function analysis menu.
20050401 k Differential Calculations [OPTN] - [CALC] - [ d / dx ] To perform differential calculations, first display the function analysis menu, and then input the values using the syntax below .
20061001 Example T o determine the derivative at point x = 3 f or the function y = x 3 + 4 x 2 + x – 6, with a tolerance of “ tol ” = 1 E – 5 Input the function f ( x ). A K 4 (CALC) 2 ( d / dx ) v M d+e vx + v -g, Input point x = a for which you want to determine the derivative.
20050401 u Applications of Differential Calculations •D ifferentials can be added, subtracted, multiplied or divided with each other . Therefore: •D ifferential results can be used in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and in functions.
20061001 k Quadratic Differential Calculations [OPTN] - [CALC] - [ d 2 / dx 2 ] After displaying the function analysis menu, you can input quadratic differentials using the following syntax.
20061001 <Math> A4 (MATH) 5 ( d 2 / dx 2 ) v M d e +e vx + v -g e d w u Quadratic Differential Applications • Arithmetic operations can be performed using two quadratic differentials. Therefore: f '' ( a ) + g '' ( a ), f '' ( a ) × g '' ( a ), etc.
20050401 k k k k k Integration Calculations [OPTN] - [CALC] - [ ∫ dx ] To perform integration calculations, first display the function analysis menu and then input the values using the syntax below .
20050401 <Math> 4 (MA TH) 6 ( g ) 1 ( ∫ dx ) c vx + d v +e e b f f w u u u u u Application of Integration Calculation • Integrals can be used in addition, subtraction, multiplication or division. ∫ a b f ( x ) dx + ∫ c d g ( x ) dx , etc.
20050401 Note the following points to ensure correct integration values. (1) When cyclical functions for integration values become positive or negative for different divisions, perform the calculation for single cycles, or divide between negative and positive, and then add the results together .
20050401 k k k k k Σ Calculations [OPTN] - [CALC] - [ Σ ] To perform Σ calculations, first display the function analysis menu, and then input the values using the syntax below . K 4 (CALC) 6 ( g ) 3 ( Σ ( ) a k , k , α , β , n ) Example T o calculate the following: Use n = 1 as the distance between partitions.
20050401 u Σ Calculation Applications •A rithmetic operations using Σ calculation expressions Expressions: Possible operations: S n + T n , S n – T n , etc. •A rithmetic and function operations using Σ calculation results 2 × S n , log (S n ), etc.
20050401 2-5-12 Numerical Calculations k k k k k Maximum/Minimum V alue Calculations [OPTN] - [CALC] - [FMin]/[FMax] After displaying the function analysis menu, you can input maximum/minimum calculations using the formats below , and solve for the maximum and minimum of a function within interval a < x < b .
20050401 2-5-13 Numerical Calculations #I n t he function f ( x ) , only X can be used as a variable in expressions. Other variables (A through Z excluding X, r , θ ) are treated as constants, and the value currently assigned to that variable is applied during the calculation.
20050401 2-6 Complex Number Calculations Y ou can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, parentheses calculations, function calculations, and memory calculations with complex numbers just as you do with the manual calculations described on pages 2-1-1 and 2-4-7.
20050401 2-6-2 Complex Number Calculations k k k k k Arithmetic Operations [OPTN] - [CPLX] - [ i ] Arithmetic operations are the same as those you use for manual calculations.
20050401 2-6-3 Complex Number Calculations k k k k k Absolute V alue and Argument [OPTN] - [CPLX] - [Abs]/[Arg] The unit regards a complex number in the form a + bi as a coordinate on a Gaussian plane, and calculates absolute value Z and argument (arg).
20050401 k k k k k Extraction of Real and Imaginary Parts [OPTN] - [CPLX] - [ReP]/[lmP] Use the following procedure to extract the real part a and the imaginary part b from a complex number of the form a + bi .
20050401 2-6-5 Complex Number Calculations k k k k k Polar and Rectangular Form T ransformation [OPTN] - [CPLX] - [ ' ' ' ' ' r ∠ θ ]/[ ' ' ' ' ' a + bi ] Use the following procedure to transform a complex number displayed in rectangular form to polar form, and vice versa.
20050401 2-7 Binary , Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations with Integers Y ou can use the RUN • MA T mode and binary , octal, decimal, and hexadecimal settings to perform calculations that involve binary , octal, decimal and hexadecimal values.
20050401 • The following are the calculation ranges for each of the number systems. Binary V alues Positive: 0 < x < 1 11111111 111111 Negative: 1000000000000000 < x < 1 11111111 1111111.
20050401 k k k k k Selecting a Number System Y ou can specify decimal, hexadecimal, binary , or octal as the default number system using the Setup screen. u u u u u T o specify a number system for an input value Y ou can specify a number system for each individual value you input.
20050401 Example 2 T o input and execute 123 8 × ABC 16 , when the default number system is decimal or hexadecimal !m (SET UP) c 2 (Dec) J A1 (d~o) 4 (o) bcd* 2 (h) ABC * 1 w J3 (DISP) 2 ( ' ' ' ' ' Hex) w k k k k k Negative V alues and Bitwise Operations Press 2 (LOG) to display a menu of negation and bitwise operators.
20050401 Example 2 T o display the result of “36 8 or 1 1 10 2 ” as an octal value !m (SET UP) c 5 (Oct) J A dg 2 (LOG) 4 (or) J1 (d~o) 3 (b) bbba w Example 3 T o negate 2FFFED 16 !m (SET UP) c 3 (Hex) J A2 (LOG) 2 (Not) cFFFED * 1 w u Number System T ransformation Press 3 (DISP) to display a menu of number system transformation functions.
20050401 2-8-1 Matrix Calculations 2-8 Matrix Calculations From the Main Menu, enter the RUN • MA T mode, and press 1 ( ' MA T) to perform Matrix calculations. 26 matrix memories (Mat A through Mat Z) plus a Matrix Answer Memory (MatAns), make it possible to perform the following matrix operations.
20050401 k Inputting and Editing Matrices Pressing 1 ( ' MA T) displays the Matrix Editor screen. Use the Matrix Editor to input and edit matrices.
20061001 u T o input cell values Example T o input the following data into Matrix B : The following operation is a continuation of the example calculation on the previous page. b w c w d w e w f w g w (Data is input into the highlighted cell. Each time you press w , the highlighting moves to the next cell to the right.
20050401 u Deleting Matrices Y ou can delete either a specific matrix or all matrices in memory . u T o delete a specific matrix 1. While the Matrix Editor is on the display , use f and c to highlight the matrix you want to delete. 2. Press 1 (DEL). 3.
20050401 k Matrix Cell Operations Use the following procedure to prepare a matrix for cell operations. 1. While the Matrix Editor is on the display , use f and c to highlight the name of the matrix you want to use. Y ou can jump to a specific matrix by inputting the letter that corresponds to the matrix name.
20050401 u u u u u T o calculate the scalar multiplication of a row Example T o calculate the product of row 2 of the following matrix and the scalar 4 : 12 Matrix A = 34 56 1 (R-OP) 2 ( × Rw) Input multiplier value.
20050401 u To add two rows together Example T o add row 2 to row 3 of the following matrix : 12 Matrix A = 34 56 1 (R-OP) 4 (Rw+) Specify number of row to be added. c w Specify number of row to be added to. d w 6 (EXE) (or w ) u Row Operations • { DEL } .
20050401 u To insert a row Example T o insert a new row between rows one and two of the following matrix : 12 Matrix A = 34 56 c 2 (ROW) 2 (INS) u To add a row Example T o add a new row below row 3 of.
20050401 2-8-9 Matrix Calculations u Column Operations • { DEL } ... {delete column} • { INS } ... {insert column} • { ADD } ... {add column} u T o delete a column Example T o delete column 2 of.
20050401 u To add a column Example T o add a new column to the right of column 2 of the following matrix : 12 Matrix A = 34 56 e 3 (COL) 3 (ADD) k Modifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands [OPTN] - [MA T] u T o display the matrix commands 1. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN • MA T mode.
20050401 u Matrix Data Input Format [OPTN] - [MA T] - [Mat] The following shows the format you should use when inputting data to create a matrix using the Mat command. a 11 a 12 a 1 n a 21 a 22 a 2 n a m 1 a m 2 a mn = [ [a 11 , a 12 , ..., a 1 n ] [a 21 , a 22 , .
20050401 u To input an identity matrix [OPTN] - [MA T] - [Iden] Use the Identity command to create an identity matrix. Example 2 T o create a 3 × 3 identity matrix as Matrix A K 2 (MA T) 6 ( g ) 1 (I.
20050401 2-8-13 Matrix Calculations u Modifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands Y ou can also use matrix commands to assign values to and recall values from an existing matrix, to fill in all cells of an existing matrix with the same value, to combine two matrices into a single matrix, and to assign the contents of a matrix column to a list file.
20050401 u u u u u To fill a matrix with identical values and to combine two matrices into a single matrix [OPTN] - [MA T] - [Fill]/[Aug] Use the Fill command to fill all the cells of an existing matrix with an identical value and the Augment command to combine two existing matrices into a single matrix.
20050401 u u u u u To assign the contents of a matrix column to a list [OPTN] - [MA T] - [M → L] Use the following format with the Mat → List command to specify a column and a list.
20050401 k Matrix Calculations [OPTN] - [MA T] Use the matrix command menu to perform matrix calculation operations. u T o display the matrix commands 1. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN • MA T mode. 2. Press K to display the option menu. 3. Press 2 (MA T) to display the matrix command menu.
20050401 u Matrix Arithmetic Operations [OPTN] - [MA T] - [Mat]/[Iden] Example 1 T o add the following two matrices (Matrix A + Matrix B) : A = 11 B = 23 21 21 A K 2 (MA T) 1 (Mat) av (A) + 1 (Mat) al.
20050401 u Determinant [OPTN] - [MA T] - [Det] Example Obtain the determinant for the following matrix : 123 Matrix A = 456 –1 –2 0 K 2 (MA T) 3 (Det) 1 (Mat) av (A) w u Matrix T ransposition [OPTN] - [MA T] - [T rn] A matrix is transposed when its rows become columns and its columns become rows.
20050401 u Matrix Inversion [OPTN] - [MA T] - [ x –1 ] Example T o invert the following matrix : Matrix A = 12 34 K 2 (MA T) 1 (Mat) av (A) ! ) ( x –1 ) w u Squaring a Matrix [OPTN] - [MA T] - [ x.
20050401 u Raising a Matrix to a Power [OPTN] - [MA T] - [ ] Example T o raise the following matrix to the third power : Matrix A = 12 34 K 2 (MA T) 1 (Mat) av (A) M d w u Determining the Absolute V a.
20050401 2-8-21 Matrix Calculations k Performing Matrix Calculations Using Natural Input u To specify the dimensions (size) of a matrix 1. In the RUN • MA T mode, press !m (SET UP) 1 (Math) J . 2. Press 4 (MA TH) to display the MA TH menu. 3. Press 1 (MA T) to display the following menu.
20050401 2-8-22 Matrix Calculations u To input cell values Example T o perform the calculation shown below 1 1 2 33 × 8 13 56 4 The following operation is a continuation of the example calculation on the previous page.
20050401 List Function A list is a storage place for m ultiple data items. This calculator lets you store up to 26 lists in a single file, and you can store up to six files in memory . Stored lists can be used in arithmetic and statistical calculations, and for graphing.
20050401 3-1 Inputting and Editing a List When you enter the ST A T mode, the “List Editor” will appear first. Y ou can use the List Editor to input data into a list and to perform a variety of other list data operations.
20050401 u u u u u T o batch input a series of values 1. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to another list. 2. Press ! * ( { ), and then input the values you want, pressing , between each one. Press ! / ( } ) after inputting the final value.
20050401 k k k k k Editing List V alues u u u u u T o change a cell value Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the cell whose value you want to change. Input the new value and press w to replace the old data with the new one. u u u u u T o edit the contents of a cell 1.
20050401 u u u u u T o delete all cells in a list Use the following procedure to delete all the data in a list. 1. Use the cursor key to move the highlighting to any cell of the list whose data you want to delete. 2. Pressing 6 ( 䉯 ) 4 (DEL • A) causes a confirmation message to appear .
20050401 3-1-5 Inputting and Editing a List k k k k k Naming a List Y ou can assign List 1 through List 26 “sub names” of up to eight bytes each. u u u u u T o name a list 1. On the Setup screen, highlight “Sub Name” and then press 1 (On) J . 2.
20050401 k k k k k Sorting List V alues Y ou can sort lists into either ascending or descending order. The highlighting can be located in any cell of the list. u u u u u T o sort a single list Ascending order 1. While the lists are on the screen, press 6 ( 䉯 ) 1 (T OOL) 1 (SR T • A).
20050401 u u u u u T o sort multiple lists Y ou can link multiple lists together for a sort so that all of their cells are rearranged in accordance with the sorting of a base list.
20050401 3-1-8 Inputting and Editing a List Descending order Use the same procedure as that for the ascending order sort. The only dif ference is that you should press 2 (SRT • D) in place of 1 (SR T • A). #Y ou can specify a value from 1 to 6 as the number of lists for sorting.
20050401 3-2 Manipulating List Data List data can be used in arithmetic and function calculations. In addition, various list data manipulation functions make manipulation of list data quick and easy . Y ou can use list data manipulation functions in the RUN • MA T , ST A T , T ABLE , EQUA and PRGM modes.
20050401 u T o count the number of data items in a list [OPTN] - [LIST] - [Dim] K 1 (LIST) 3 (Dim) 1 (List) <list number 1-26> w • The number of cells a list contains is its “dimension.
20050401 3-2-3 Manipulating List Data Example T o create a 2-row × 3-column matrix (each cell of which contains 0) in Matrix A A! * ( { ) c,d ! / ( } ) a K 1 (LIST) 3 (Dim) K 2 (MA T) 1 (Mat) av (A) w The following shows the new contents of Mat A.
20050401 3-2-4 Manipulating List Data u T o find the minimum value in a list [OPTN] - [LIST] - [Min] K 1 (LIST) 6 ( g ) 1 (Min) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 1 (List) <list number 1-26> ) w Example T o find t.
20050401 u T o calculate the mean of data items [OPTN] - [LIST] - [Mean] K 1 (LIST) 6 ( g ) 3 (Mean) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 1 (List) <list number 1-26> ) w Example T o calculate the mean of data items .
20050401 u T o calculate the median of data items of specified frequency [OPTN] - [LIST] - [Med] This procedure uses two lists: one that contains values and one that indicates the frequency (number of occurrences) of each value. The frequency of the data in Cell 1 of the first list is indicated by the value in Cell 1 of the second list, etc.
20050401 u T o calculate the product of values in a list [OPTN] - [LIST] - [Prod] K 1 (LIST) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 2 (Prod) 6 ( g ) 1 (List)<list number 1-26> w Example T o calculate the product of va.
20050401 Example T o calculate the percentage represented by each data item in List 1 (2 , 3 , 6 , 5 , 4) A K 1 (LIST) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 4 (%) 6 ( g ) 1 (List) b w u T o calc ulate the differences betwe.
20050401 3-3 Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists Y ou can perform arithmetic calculations using two lists or one list and a numeric value. Calculation results are stored in ListAns Memory . k Error Messages •A calculation involving two lists performs the operation between corresponding cells.
20050401 u T o directly input a list of values Y ou can also directly input a list of values using { , }, and , . Example 1 T o input the list: 56 , 82 , 64 ! * ( { ) fg,ic, ge ! / ( } ) 41 6 E xample.
20050401 u T o recall the value in a specific list cell Y ou can recall the value in a specific list cell and use it in a calculation. Specify the cell number by enclosing it inside square brackets.
20050401 k Graphing a Function Using a List When using the graphing functions of this calculator , you can input a function such as Y1 = List 1 X. If List 1 contains the values 1, 2, 3, this function will produces three graphs: Y = X, Y = 2X, Y = 3X. There are certain limitations on using lists with graphing functions.
20050401 5. Press b w . 6. Enter the ST A T mode to confirm that T ABLE mode column Y1 has been copied to List 1. k Performing Scientific Function Calculations Using a List Lists can be used just as numeric values are in scientific function calculations.
20050401 3-4-1 Switching Between List Files 3-4 Switching Between List Files Y ou can store up to 26 lists (List 1 to List 26) in each file (File 1 to File 6). A simple operation lets you switch between list files. u T o swit ch between list files 1. From the Main Menu, enter the ST A T mode.
20050401 Chapter Equation Calculations Y our graphic calculator can perform the following three types of calculations: •S imultaneous linear equations •Q uadratic and cubic equations •S olve calculations From the Main Menu, enter the EQUA mode. • { SIML } .
20050401 4-1-1 Simultaneous Linear Equations 4-1 Simultaneous Linear Equations Description Y ou can solve simultaneous linear equations with two to six unknowns.
20050401 4-1-2 Simultaneous Linear Equations Example T o solve the following simultaneous linear equations for x , y , and z 4 x + y –2 z =– 1 x +6 y +3 z = 1 – 5 x +4 y + z =– 7 Procedure 1 m.
20050401 4-2-1 Quadratic and Cubic Equations # Internal calculations are performed using a 15-digit mantissa, but results are displayed using a 10-digit mantissa and a 2-digit exponent. # It may take considerable time for the calculation result of cubic equations to appear on the display .
20050401 4-2-2 Quadratic and Cubic Equations Example T o solve the cubic equation (Angle unit = Rad) x 3 – 2 x 2 – x + 2 = 0 Procedure 1 m EQUA 2 2 (POL Y) 2 (3) 3b w- c w- b w c w 4 1 (SOL V) Res.
20050401 4-3-1 Solve Calculations 4-3 Solve Calculations Description The Solve Calculation mode lets you determine the value of any variable in a formula without having to solve the equation. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the EQUA mode. Execution 2.
20050401 4-3-2 Solve Calculations Example An object thrown into the air at initial velocity V takes time T to reach height H. Use the following formula to solve for initial velocity V when H = 14 (meters), T = 2 (seconds) and gravitational acceleration is G = 9.
20050401 4-4 What to Do When an Error Occurs u Error during coefficient value input Press the J key to clear the error and return to the value that was registered for the coefficient before you input the value that generated the error . T ry inputting a new value again.
20050401 Graphing Sections 5-1 and 5-2 of this chapter provide basic information you need to know in order to draw a graph. The remaining sections describe more advanced graphing features and functions. Select the icon in the Main Menu that suits the type of graph you want to draw or the type of table you want to generate.
20050401 5-1-1 Sample Graphs 5-1 Sample Graphs k k k k k How to draw a simple graph (1) Description To draw a graph, simply input the applicable function. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode. Execution 2. Input the function you want to graph.
20050401 5-1-2 Sample Graphs Example T o graph y = 3 x 2 Procedure 1 m GRAPH 2d vxw 3 6 (DRA W) (or w ) Result Screen #P r e ssing A while a graph is on the display will return to the screen in step 2.
20050401 5-1-3 Sample Graphs k k k k k How to draw a simple graph (2) Description Y ou can store up to 20 functions in memory and then select the one you want for graphing. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode. Execution 2. Specify the function type and input the function whose graph you want to draw .
20050401 5-1-4 Sample Graphs Example Input the functions shown below and draw their graphs Y1 = 2 x 2 – 3, r 2 = 3sin2 θ Procedure 1 m GRAPH 2 3 (TYPE) 1 (Y=) c vx -d w 3 (TYPE) 2 ( r =) d s c vw 3.
20050401 5-1-5 Sample Graphs k k k k k How to draw a simple graph (3) Description Use the following procedure to graph the function of a parabola, circle, ellipse, or hyperbola. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the CONICS mode. Execution 2. Use the cursor fc keys to specify one of the function type as follows.
20050401 5-1-6 Sample Graphs Example Graph the circle (X–1) 2 + (Y–1) 2 = 2 2 Procedure 1 m CONICS 2 cccc w 3b w b w c w 4 6 (DRA W) Result Screen (Parabola) (Ellipse) (Hyperbola).
20050401 k k k k k How to draw a simple graph (4) Description Y ou can specify the graph line style, if you want. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode. Execution 2. Input the function you want to graph. Here you would use the V -Window to specify the range and other parameters of the graph.
20050401 Example T o graph y = 3 x 2 Procedure 1 m GRAPH 2 3 (TYPE) 1 (Y=) d vxw 3 f 4 (STYL) 3 ( ) J 4 6 (DRA W) (or w ) Result Screen (Normal) (Thick) (Dotted) 5-1-8 Sample Graphs.
20050401 5-2 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen k k k k k V- Window (View W indow) Settings Use the View Window to specify the range of the x - and y -axes, and to set the spacing between the increments on each axis. Y ou should always set the V -Window parameters you want to use before graphing.
20050401 5-2-2 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen u V- Wi ndow Setting Precautions • Inputting zero for T θ ptch causes an error . •A ny illegal input (out of range value, negative sign without a value, etc.) causes an error. •W hen T θ max is less than T θ min, T θ ptch becomes negative.
20050401 k k k k k Initializing and Standardizing the V -Window u To initialize the V -Window 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode. 2. Press !3 (V -WIN). This displays the V -Window setting screen. 3. Press 1 (INIT) to initialize the V -Window.
20050401 k k k k k V- Window Memory Y ou can store up to six sets of V-Window settings in V -Window memory for recall when you need them. u To store V -Window settings 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode. 2. Press !3 (V -WIN) to display the V-Window setting screen, and input the values you want.
20050401 k k k k k Specifying the Graph Range Description Y ou can define a range (start point, end point) for a function before graphing it. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode. 2. Make V -Window settings. Execution 3. Specify the function type and input the function.
20050401 5-2-6 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen Example Graph y = x 2 + 3 x – 2 within the range – 2 < x < 4 Use the following V -Window settings.
20050401 5-2-7 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen k k k k k Zoom Description This function lets you enlarge and reduce the graph on the screen. Set Up 1. Draw the graph. Execution 2. Specify the zoom type. !2 (ZOOM) 1 (BOX) ... Box zoom Draw a box around a display area, and that area is enlarged to fill the entire screen.
20050401 5-2-8 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen #Y ou must specify two different points for box zoom, and the two points cannot be on a straight line vertically or horizontally from each other . Example Graph y = ( x + 5)( x + 4)( x + 3), and then perform a box zoom.
20050401 5-2-9 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen k k k k k Factor Zoom Description With factor zoom, you can zoom in or out, centered on the current cursor position. Set Up 1. Draw the graph. Execution 2. Press !2 (ZOOM) 2 (F ACT) to open a pop-up window for specifying the x -axis and y -axis zoom factor .
20050401 5-2-10 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen Example Enlarge the graphs of the two expressions shown below five times on both the x - and y -axis to see if they are tangent. Y1 = ( x + 4)( x + 1)( x – 3), Y2 = 3 x + 22 Use the following V -Window settings.
20050401 5-3-1 Drawing a Graph 5-3 Drawing a Graph Y ou can store up to 20 functions in memory . Functions in memory can be edited, recalled, and graphed. k k k k k Specifying the Graph T ype Before you can store a graph function in memory , you must first specify its graph type.
20050401 5-3-2 Drawing a Graph u To store a polar coordinate function ( r =) * 1 Example T o store the following expression in memory area r 2 : r = 5 sin3 θ 3 (TYPE) 2 ( r =) (Specifies polar coordinate expression.) f s d v (Inputs expression.) w (Stores expression.
20050401 5-3-3 Drawing a Graph u To store an X = constant expression * 1 Example T o store the following expression in memory area X4 : X = 3 3 (TYPE) 4 (X=c) (Specifies X = constant expression.) d (Inputs expression.) w (Stores expression.) • Inputting X, Y , T , r , or θ for the constant in the above procedures causes an error .
20050401 u To assign values to the coefficients and variables of a graph function Example T o assign the values –1, 0, and 1 to variable A in Y = AX 2 –1, and draw a graph for each value 3 (TYPE) 1 (Y=) av (A) vx -b w J 4 (GRPH) 1 (Y) b( av (A) ! .
20050401 5-3-5 Drawing a Graph • If you do not specify a variable name (variable A in the above key operation), the calculator automatically uses one of the default variables listed below . Note that the default variable used depends on the memory area type where you are storing the graph function.
20050401 k k k k k Editing and Deleting Functions u To edit a function in memory Example T o change the expression in memory area Y1 from y = 2 x 2 – 5 to y = 2 x 2 – 3 e (Displays cursor .) eeeee D d (Changes contents.) w (Stores new graph function.
20050401 u To change the type of a function * 1 1. While the Graph relation list is on the display , press f or c to move the highlighting to the area that contains the function whose type you want to change. 2. Press 3 (TYPE) 5 (CONV). 3. Select the function type you want to change to.
20061001 20070101 k Selecting Functions for Graphing u T o specify the draw/non-draw status of a graph 1. On the graph relation list, use f and c to highlight the relation you do not want to graph. 2. Press 1 (SEL). • Each press of 1 (SEL) toggles graphing on and off.
20050401 k k k k k Graph Memory Graph memory lets you store up to 20 sets of graph function data and recall it later when you need it. A single save operation saves the following data in graph memory .
20050401 5-4 Storing a Graph in Picture Memory Y ou can save up to 20 graphic images in picture memory for later recall. Y ou can overdraw the graph on the screen with another graph stored in picture memory . u To store a graph in picture memory 1. After graphing in GRAPH mode, press K 1 (PICT) 1 (STO) to display the pop-up window .
20050401 5-5 Drawing T wo Graphs on the Same Screen k k k k k Copying the Graph to the Sub-screen Description Dual Graph lets you split the screen into two parts. Then you can graph two dif ferent functions in each for comparison, or draw a normal size graph on one side and its enlarged version on the other side.
20050401 Example Graph y = x ( x + 1)( x – 1) in the main screen and sub-screen. Use the following V -Window settings. (Main Screen) Xmin = – 2, Xmax = 2, Xscale = 0.
20050401 k k k k k Graphing T wo Different Functions Description Use the following procedure to graph different functions in the main screen and sub-screen. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode. 2. On the Setup screen, select G+G for Dual Screen.
20050401 Example Graph y = x ( x + 1)( x – 1) in the main screen, and y = 2 x 2 – 3 in the sub- screen. Use the following V -Window settings. (Main Screen) Xmin = – 4, Xmax = 4, Xscale = 1 Ymin = – 5, Ymax = 5, Yscale = 1 (Sub-screen) Xmin = – 2, Xmax = 2, Xscale = 0.
20050401 k k k k k Using Zoom to Enlarge the Sub-screen Description Use the following procedure to enlarge the main screen graph and then move it to the sub- screen. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode. 2. On the Setup screen, select G+G for Dual Screen.
20050401 Example Draw the graph y = x ( x + 1)( x – 1) in the main screen, and then use Box Zoom to enlarge it. Use the following V -Window settings. (Main Screen) Xmin = – 2, Xmax = 2, Xscale = 0.5 Ymin = – 2, Ymax = 2, Yscale = 1 Procedure 1 m GRAPH 2 !m (SET UP) cc 1 (G+G) J 3 !3 (V -WIN) - c w c w a.
20061001 20070101 5-6-1 Manual Graphing 5-6 Man ual Graphing k Rectangular Coordinate Graph Description Inputting the Graph command in the RUN • MA T mode enables drawing of rectangular coordinate graphs. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the R UN • MA T mode.
20050401 5-6-2 Manual Graphing Example Graph y = 2 x 2 + 3 x – 4 Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 5 , Xmax = 5, Xscale = 2 Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale = 5 Procedure 1 m RUN • M.
20050401 5-6-3 Manual Graphing k k k k k Integration Graph Description Inputting the Graph command in the RUN • MA T mode enables graphing of functions produced by an integration calculation. The calculation result is shown in the lower left corner of the display , and the calculation range is cross plot type.
20050401 5-6-4 Manual Graphing Example Graph the integration ∫ ( x + 2)( x – 1)( x – 3) dx . Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 4, Xmax = 4, Xscale = 1 Ymin = – 8, Ymax = 12, Ysc.
20050401 5-6-5 Manual Graphing k k k k k Drawing Multiple Graphs on the Same Screen Description Use the following procedure to assign various values to a variable contained in an expres- sion and overwrite the resulting graphs on the screen. Set Up 1.
20050401 5-6-6 Manual Graphing Example T o graph y = A x 2 – 3 as the value of A changes in the sequence 3, 1, –1. Use the following V -Window settings.
20050401 5-6-7 Manual Graphing k k k k k Using Copy and Paste to Graph a Function Description Y ou can graph a function by copying it to the clipboard, and then pasting it into the graph screen. There are two types of functions you can paste into the graph screen.
20050401 5-6-8 Manual Graphing Example While the graph of y = 2 x 2 + 3 x – 4 is currently displayed, to paste the previously copied function Y=X from the clipboard Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 5, Xmax = 5, Xscale = 2 Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale = 5 Procedure 1 m RUN • MA T a - (Y) ! .
20050401 5-7 Using T ables To enter the T ABLE mode, select the T ABLE icon on the Main Menu. k Storing a Function and Generating a Number T able u To store a function Example T o store the function y.
20050401 u To generate a table using a list 1. While the T able relation list is on the screen, display the Setup screen. 2. Highlight V ariable and then press 2 (LIST) to display the pop-up window . 3. Select the list whose values you want to assign for the x -variable.
20050401 Y ou can use cursor keys to move the highlighting around the table for the following purposes. •T o display the selected cell’ s value at the bottom of the screen, using the calculator’.
20050401 k k k k k Editing and Deleting Functions u To edit a function Example T o change the function in memory area Y1 from y = 3 x 2 – 2 to y = 3 x 2 – 5 Use f and c to move the highlighting to the function you want to edit. Use e to move the cursor to the beginning of the expression.
20050401 5-7-5 Using T ables k k k k k Editing T ables Y ou can use the table menu to perform any of the following operations once you generate a table. •C hange the values of variable x •E dit (delete, insert, and append) rows •D elete a table •D raw a connect type graph •D raw a plot type graph • { FORM } .
20050401 5-7-6 Using T ables u Row Operations u To delete a row Example T o delete Row 2 of the table generated on page 5-7-2 c 3 (ROW) 1 (DEL) u To insert a row Example T o insert a new row between R.
20050401 5-7-7 Using T ables u To add a row Example T o add a new row below Row 7 in the table generated on page 5-7-2 cccccc 3 (ROW) 3 (ADD) u Deleting a T able 1. Display the table and then press 2 (DEL). 2. Press 1 (Y es) to delete the table or 6 (No) to abort the operation without deleting anything.
20050401 k k k k k Copying a T able Column to a List A simple operation lets you copy the contents of a numeric table column into a list. Use d and e to move the cursor to the column you want to copy .
20050401 k k k k k Drawing a Graph from a Number T able Description Use the following procedure to generate a number table and then draw a graph based on the values in the table. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the T ABLE mode. 2. Make V -Window settings.
20050401 Example Store the two functions below , generate a number table, and then draw a line graph. Specify a range of –3 to 3, and an increment of 1.
20050401 k k k k k Specifying a Range for Number T able Generation Description Use the following procedure to specify a number table range when calculating scatter data from a function. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the T ABLE mode. Execution 2.
20050401 Example Store the three functions shown below , and then generate a table for functions Y1 and Y3. Specify a range of –3 to 3, and an increment of 1.
20050401 k k k k k Simultaneously Displaying a Number T able and Graph Description Specifying T+G for Dual Screen on the Setup screen makes it possible to display a number table and graph at the same time. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the T ABLE mode.
20050401 Example Store the function Y1 = 3 x 2 – 2 and simultaneously display its number table and line graph. Use a table range of –3 to 3 with an increment of 1.
20050401 5-7-15 Using T ables k k k k k Using Graph-T able Linking Description With Dual Graph, you can use the following procedure to link the graph and table screens so the pointer on the graph screen jumps to the location of the currently selected table value.
20050401 5-7-16 Using T ables Example Store the function Y1 = 3log x and simultaneously display its number table and plot-type graph. Use a table range of 2 through 9, with an increment of 1.
20050401 5-8 Dynamic Graphing k k k k k Using Dynamic Graph Description Dynamic Graph lets you define a range of values for the coefficients in a function, and then observe how a graph is affected by changes in the value of a coef ficient.
20050401 Example Use Dynamic Graph to graph y = A ( x – 1) 2 – 1, in which the value of coefficient A changes from 2 through 5 in increments of 1. The Graph is drawn 10 times. Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1 Ymin = – 3.
20050401 k k k k k Drawing a Dynamic Graph Locus Description T urning on the Dynamic Graph locus setting on the Setup screen lets you overlay a graph drawn by changing the coefficient values. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the DYNA mode. 2. Make V -Window settings.
20050401 5-8-4 Dynamic Graphing Example Use Dynamic Graph to graph y = A x , in which the value of coefficient A changes from 1 through 4 in increments of 1. The Graph is drawn 10 times. Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1 Ymin = – 3.
20050401 k k k k k Dynamic Graph Application Examples Description Y ou can also use Dynamic Graph to simulate simple physical phenomena. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the DYNA mode. 2. Make V -Window settings. Execution 3. On the Setup screen, specify Stop for Dynamic T ype and Deg for Angle.
20050401 Example The path over time T of a ball thrown in the air at initial velocity V and an angle of θ degrees from horizontal can be calculated as follows.
20050401 k Adjusting the Dynamic Graph Speed Y ou can use the following procedure to adjust the Dynamic Graph speed while the draw operation is taking place. 1. While a Dynamic Graph draw operation is being performed, press A to change to the speed adjustment menu.
20050401 k k k k k Using Dynamic Graph Memory Y ou can store Dynamic Graph conditions and screen data in Dynamic Graph memory for later recall when you need it. This lets you save time, because you can recall the data and immediately begin a Dynamic Graph draw operation.
20050401 5-9 Graphing a Recursion Formula k k k k k Generating a Number T able from a Recursion Formula Description Y ou can input up to three of the following types of recursion formulas and generate a number table.
20050401 Example Generate a number table from recursion between three terms as expressed by a n + 2 = a n + 1 + a n , with initial terms of a 1 = 1, a 2 = 1 (Fibonacci sequence), as n changes in value from 1 to 6. Procedure 1 m RECUR 2 3 (TYPE) 3 ( a n + 2 ) 3 4 ( n .
20050401 k k k k k Graphing a Recursion Formula (1) Description After generating a number table from a recursion formula, you can graph the values on a line graph or plot type graph. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the RECUR mode. 2. Make V -Window settings.
20050401 Example Generate a number table from recursion between two terms as expressed by a n + 1 = 2 a n +1, with an initial term of a 1 = 1, as n changes in value from 1 to 6. Use the table values to draw a line graph. Use the following V -Window settings.
20050401 k k k k k Graphing a Recursion Formula (2) Description The following describes how to generate a number table from a recursion formula and graph the values while Σ Display is On. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the RECUR mode. 2. On the Setup screen, specify On for Σ Display .
20050401 Example Generate a number table from recursion between two terms as expressed by a n + 1 = 2 a n +1, with an initial term of a 1 = 1, as n changes in value from 1 to 6. Use the table values to draw a plot line graph with ordinate Σ a n , abscissa n .
20050401 k k k k k WEB Graph (Convergence, Divergence) Description y = f ( x ) is graphed by presuming a n + 1 = y , a n = x for linear two-term regression a n + 1 = f ( a n ) composed of a n + 1 , a n . Next, it can be determined whether the function is convergent or divergent.
20050401 Example T o draw the WEB graph for the recursion formula a n + 1 = –3( a n ) 2 + 3 a n , b n + 1 = 3 b n + 0.2, and check for divergence or convergence. Use the following table range and V -W indow Settings. T able Range Start = 0, End = 6, a 0 = 0.
20050401 5-9-9 Graphing a Recursion Formula k k k k k Graphing a Recursion Formula on Dual Screen Description When “T+G” is specified for the Dual Screen setting, you can view the number table and graph at the same time. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the RECUR mode.
20050401 5-9-10 Graphing a Recursion Formula Example Generate a number table from recursion between two terms as expressed by a n + 1 = 2 a n +1, with an initial term of a 1 = 1, as n changes in value from 1 to 6. Use the table values to draw a line graph.
20050401 5-10-1 Changing the Appearance of a Graph * 1 The above shows the function menu that appears in the GRAPH mode. Menu items may differ somewhat in other modes. * 2 In the case of an inverse function graph, drawing starts immediately after you select this option.
20050401 Example Draw a line that is tangent to point (2, 0) on the graph for y = x ( x + 2)( x – 2). Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 6.
20050401 k k k k k Inserting Comments Description Y ou can insert comments anywhere you want in a graph. Set Up 1. Draw the graph. Execution 2. Press !4 (SKTCH) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 2 (T ext), and a pointer appears in the center of the display . 3. Use the cursor keys to move the pointer to the location where you want the text to be, and input the text.
20050401 Example Insert text into the graph y = x ( x + 2)( x – 2). Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 5, Xmax = 5, Xscale = 1 Ymin = – 5, Ymax = 5, Yscale = 1 Procedure 1 m GRAPH !3 (V -WIN) - f w f w b w c - f w f w b wJ 3 (TYPE) 1 (Y=) v ( v +c)( v -c) w 6 (DRA W) 2 !4 (SKTCH) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 2 (T ext) 3 f ~ f d ~ d a - (Y) ! .
20050401 k k k k k Freehand Drawing Description Y ou can use the pen option for freehand drawing in a graph. Set Up 1. Draw the graph. Execution 2. Press !4 (SKTCH) 6 ( g ) 6 ( g ) 1 (PEN), and a pointer appears in the center of the screen.
20050401 Example Use the pen to draw on the graph y = x ( x + 2)( x – 2). Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 5, Xmax = 5, Xscale = 1 Ymin = – 5, Ymax = 5, Yscale = 1 Procedure 1 m GR.
20050401 5-10-7 Changing the Appearance of a Graph k k k k k Changing the Graph Background Y ou can use the Setup screen to specify the memory contents of any picture memory area (Pict 1 through Pict 20) as the Background item. When you do, the contents of the corresponding memory area is used as the background of the graph screen.
20050401 5-10-8 Changing the Appearance of a Graph Draw the dynamic graph. (Y = X 2 – 1) ↓↑ (Y = X 2 ) ↓↑ (Y = X 2 + 1) •S ee “5-8 Dynamic Graphing” for details on using the Dynamic Graph feature.
20050401 5-1 1 Function Analysis k k k k k Reading Coordinates on a Graph Line Description T race lets you move a pointer along a graph and read out coordinates on the display . Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode. 2. Draw the graph. Execution 3.
20050401 Example Read coordinates along the graph of the function shown below . Y1 = x 2 – 3 Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 5, Xmax = 5, Xscale = 1 Ymin = – 10, Ymax = 10, Yscale.
20050401 k k k k k Displaying the Derivative Description In addition to using T race to display coordinates, you can also display the derivative at the current pointer location. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode. 2. On the Setup screen, specify On for Derivative.
20050401 Example Read coordinates and derivatives along the graph of the function shown below . Y1 = x 2 – 3 Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 5, Xmax = 5, Xscale = 1 Ymin = – 10, Y.
20050401 k k k k k Graph to T able Description Y ou can use trace to read the coordinates of a graph and store them in a number table. Y ou can also use Dual Graph to simultaneously store the graph and number table, making this an important graph analysis tool.
20050401 Example Save, in a table, the coordinates in the vicinity of the points of intersection at X = 0 for the two graphs shown below , and store the table contents in List 1.
20050401 k k k k k Coordinate Rounding Description This function rounds off coordinate values displayed by T race. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode. 2. Draw the graph. Execution 3. Press !2 (ZOOM) 6 ( g ) 3 (RND). This causes the V -W indow settings to be changed automatically in accordance with the Rnd value.
20050401 Example Use coordinate rounding and display the coordinates in the vicinity of the points of intersection for the two graphs produced by the functions shown below.
20050401 k k k k k Calculating the Root Description This feature provides a number of different methods for analyzing graphs. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode. 2. Draw the graphs. Execution 3. Select the analysis function. !5 (G-SL V) 1 (ROOT) .
20050401 Example Draw the graph shown below and calculate the root for Y1. Y1 = x ( x + 2)( x – 2) Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 6.
20050401 k k k k k Calculating the Point of Intersection of T wo Graphs Description Use the following procedure to calculate the point of intersection of two graphs. Set Up 1. Draw the graphs. Execution 2. Press !5 (G-SL V) 5 (ISCT). When there are three or more graphs, the selection cursor ( k ) appears at the lowest numbered graph.
20050401 Example Graph the two functions shown below , and determine the point of intersection between Y1 and Y2. Y1 = x + 1, Y2 = x 2 Use the following V -Window settings.
20050401 k Determining the Coordinates for Given Points Description The following procedure describes how to determine the y -coordinate for a given x , and the x -coordinate for a given y . Set Up 1. Draw the graph. Execution 2. Select the function you want to perform.
20050401 Example Graph the two functions shown below and then determine the y - coordinate for x = 0.5 and the x -coordinate for y = 2.2 on graph Y2. Y1 = x + 1, Y2 = x ( x + 2)( x – 2) Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 6.3, Xmax = 6.
20050401 k k k k k Calculating the lntegral V alue for a Given Range Description Use the following procedure to obtain integration values for a given range. Set Up 1. Draw the graph. Execution 2. Press !5 (G-SL V) 6 ( g ) 3 ( ∫ dx ). When there are multiple graphs, this causes the selection cursor ( k ) to appear at the lowest numbered graph.
20050401 Example Graph the function shown below , and then determine the integral value at (–2, 0). Y1 = x ( x + 2)( x – 2) Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1 Ymin = – 4, Ymax = 4, Yscale = 1 Procedure 1 m GRAPH !3 (V -WIN) - g.
20050401 k k k k k Conic Section Graph Analysis Y ou can determine approximations of the following analytical results using conic section graphs. • Focus/vertex/eccentricity • Length of latus rectum • Center/radius • x -/ y -intercept •D irectrix/axis of symmetry drawing and analysis •A symptote drawing and analysis 1.
20050401 u To calculate the focus, vertex and length of latus rectum [G-SL V] - [FOCS]/[VTX]/[LEN] Example T o determine the focus, vertex and length of latus rectum for the parabola X = (Y – 2) 2 + 3 Use the following V -Window settings.
20050401 u To calculate the center and radius [G-SL V] - [CNTR]/[RADS] Example T o determine the center and radius for the circle (X + 2) 2 + (Y + 1) 2 = 2 2 Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1 Ymin = – 3.1, Ymax = 3.
20050401 u To calculate the x - and y -intercepts [G-SL V] - [X-IN]/[Y -IN] Example T o determine the x - and y -intercepts for the hyperbola (X – 3) 2 (Y – 1) 2 –––––––– – –––––––– = 1 2 2 2 2 Use the following V -Window settings.
20050401 u To draw and analyze the axis of symmetry and directrix [G-SL V] - [SYM]/[DIR] Example T o draw the axis of symmetry and directrix for the parabola X = 2(Y – 1) 2 + 1 Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1 Ymin = – 3.
20050401 u To draw and analyze the asymptotes [G-SL V] - [ASYM] Example T o draw the asymptotes for the hyperbola (X – 1) 2 (Y – 1) 2 –––––––– – –––––––– = 1 2 2 2 2 Use the following V -Window settings. Xmin = – 6.
20050401 Chapter Statistical Graphs and Calculations This chapter describes how to input statistical data into lists, how to calculate the mean, maximum and other statistical values, how to perform various statistical tests, how to determine the confidence interval, and how to produce a distribution of statistical data.
20050401 6-1 Before Performing Statistical Calculations Entering the ST A T mode from the Main Menu displays the List Editor screen. Y ou can use the List Editor screen to input statistical data and perform statistical calculations. Use f , c , d and e to move the highlighting around the lists.
20050401 k Changing Graph Parameters Use the following procedures to specify the graph draw/non-draw status, the graph type, and other general settings for each of the graphs in the graph menu (GPH1, GPH2, GPH3). While the statistical data list is on the display , press 1 (GRPH) to display the graph menu, which contains the following items.
20050401 • Mark T ype This setting lets you specify the shape of the plot points on the graph. u To display the general graph settings screen [GRPH] - [SET] Pressing 1 (GRPH) 6 (SET) displays the general graph settings screen. • The settings shown here are examples only .
20050401 2. Graph draw/non-draw status [GRPH] - [SEL] The following procedure can be used to specify the draw (On)/non-draw (Of f) status of each of the graphs in the graph menu. u To specify the draw/non-draw status of a graph 1. Pressing 1 (GRPH) 4 (SEL) displays the graph On/Off screen.
20050401 6-2 Calculating and Graphing Single-V ariable Statistical Data Single-variable data is data with only a single variable. If you are calculating the average height of the members of a class for example, there is only one variable (height). Single-variable statistics include distribution and sum.
20050401 k Med-box Graph (MedBox) This type of graph lets you see how a large number of data items are grouped within specific ranges. A box encloses all the data in an area from the first quartile (Q1) to the third quartile (Q3), with a line drawn at the median (Med).
20050401 k Normal Distribution Curve (N • Dis) The normal distribution curve is graphed using the following normal distribution function. y = 1 (2 π ) x σ n e – 2 x σ n 2 ( x – x ) 2 XList specifies the list where the data is input, while Freq specifies the list where the data frequency is input.
20050401 k Displaying the Calculation Results of a Drawn Single-V ariable Graph Single-variable statistics can be expressed as both graphs and parameter values. When these graphs are displayed, the single-variable calculation results appear as shown below when you press 1 (1V AR).
20050401 6-3-1 Calculating and Graphing Paired-V ariable Statistical Data 6-3 Calculating and Graphing Paired-V ariable Statistical Data k Drawing a Scatter Diagram and xy Line Graph Description The following procedure plots a scatter diagram and connects the dots to produce an xy line graph.
20050401 Example Input the two sets of data shown below . Next, plot the data on a scatter diagram and connect the dots to produce an xy line graph. 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2 ( x List) –2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4 ( y List) Procedure 1 m ST A T 2 a.f w b.
20050401 k Drawing a Regression Graph Description Use the following procedure to input paired-variable statistical data, perform a regression calculation using the data, and then graph the results. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the ST A T mode. Execution 2.
20050401 Example Input the two sets of data shown below and plot the data on a scatter diagram. Next, perform logarithmic regression on the data to display the regression parameters, and then draw the corresponding regression graph. 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.
20050401 k k k k k Selecting the Regression T ype After you graph paired-variable statistical data, press 1 (CALC). Then you can use the function menu at the bottom of the display to select from a variety of different types of regression. •{ 2V AR } .
20050401 k k k k k Linear Regression Graph Linear regression uses the method of least squares to plot a straight line that passes close to as many data points as possible, and returns values for the slope and y -intercept ( y -coordinate when x = 0) of the line.
20050401 k k k k k Quadratic/Cubic/Quartic Regression Graph A quadratic/cubic/quartic regression graph represents connection of the data points of a scatter diagram. It uses the method of least squares to draw a curve that passes close to as many data points as possible.
20050401 k Logarithmic Regression Graph Logarithmic regression expresses y as a logarithmic function of x . The standard logarithmic regression formula is y = a + b × In x , so if we say that X = In x , the formula corresponds to linear regression formula y = a + b X.
20050401 k k k k k Power Regression Graph Power regression expresses y as a proportion of the power of x . The standard power regression formula is y = a × x b , so if we take the logarithm of both sides we get In y = In a + b × In x .
20050401 k k k k k Logistic Regression Graph Logistic regression is best applied for time-based phenomena in which there is a continual increase until a saturation point is reached.
20050401 k k k k k Displaying the Calculation Results of a Drawn Paired-V ariable Graph Paired-variable statistics can be expressed as both graphs and parameter values. When these graphs are displayed, the paired-variable calculation results appear as shown below when you press 1 (CALC) 1 (2V AR).
20050401 k k k k k Multiple Graphs Y ou can draw more than one graph on the same display by using the procedure under “Changing Graph Parameters” to set the graph draw (On)/non-draw (Off) status of two or all three of the graphs to draw On, and then pressing 6 (DRA W)(see page 6-1-4).
20050401 k Overlaying a Function Graph on a Statistical Graph Description Y ou can overlay a paired-variable statistical graph with any type of function graph you want. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the ST A T mode. Execution 2. Input the data into a list, and draw the statistical graph.
20050401 Example Input the two sets of data shown below . Next, plot the data on a scatter diagram and overlay a function graph y = 2ln x . 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2 –2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4 Procedure 1 m ST A T 2 a.f w b.c w c.e w e w f.c w e - c.b w a.
20050401 6-4 Performing Statistical Calculations All of the statistical calculations up to this point were performed after displaying a graph. The following procedures can be used to perform statistical calculations alone.
20050401 k k k k k Single-V ariable Statistical Calculations In the previous example under “Displaying the Calculation Results of a Drawn Single- V ariable Graph”, statistical calculation results were displayed after the graph was drawn. These were numeric expressions of the characteristics of variables used in the graphic display .
20050401 k Regression Calculation In the explanations from “Linear Regression Graph” to “Logistic Regression Graph,” regression calculation results were displayed after the graph was drawn. Here, each coefficient value of the regression line or regression curve is expressed as a number .
20050401 • Linear Regression ... M Se = Σ 1 n – 2 i =1 n ( y i – ( ax i + b )) 2 • Quadratic Regression ... MSe = Σ 1 n – 3 i =1 n ( y i – ( ax i + bx i + c )) 2 2 • Cubic Regression ... MSe = Σ 1 n – 4 i =1 n ( y i – ( ax i 3 + bx i + cx i + d )) 2 2 • Quartic Regression .
20050401 2. Input the value you want for x and then press w . • This causes the coordinates for x and y to appear at the bottom of the display , and moves the pointer to the corresponding point on the graph.
20050401 k Estimated V alue Calculation ( , ) After drawing a regression graph with the ST A T mode, you can use the RUN • MA T mode to calculate estimated values for the regression graph’s x and y parameters. Example T o perform a linear regression using the nearby data and estimate the values of and when xi = 20 and yi = 1000 1.
20050401 k Normal Probability Distribution Calculation Y ou can calculate normal probability distributions for single-variable statistics with the RUN • MA T mode. Press K 6 ( g ) 3 (PROB) 6 ( g ) to display a function menu, which contains the following items.
20050401 1. From the Main Menu, enter the ST A T mode. 2. Input the height data into List 1 and the frequency data into List 2. 3. Perform the single-variable statistical calculations.* 1 2 (CALC) 6 (SET) 1 (LIST) b w c 2 (LIST) c w!J (QUIT) 2 (CALC) 1 (1V AR) 4.
20050401 6-4-9 Performing Statistical Calculations k Drawing a Normal Probability Distribution Graph Description Y ou can draw a normal probability distribution graph using manual graphing with the RUN • MA T m ode. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN • MA T mode.
20050401 6-4-10 Performing Statistical Calculations Example T o draw a normal probability P (0.5) graph. Procedure 1 m RUN • MA T 2 !4 (SKTCH) 1 (Cls) w 5 (GRPH) 1 (Y=) 3 K 6 ( g ) 3 (PROB) 6 ( g ) 1 (P() a.
20050401 6-5 T ests The Z T est provides a variety of different standardization-based tests. They make it possible to test whether or not a sample accurately represents the population when the standard deviation of a population (such as the entire population of a country) is known from previous tests.
20050401 The following pages explain various statistical calculation methods based on the principles described above. Details concerning statistical principles and terminology can be found in any standard statistics textbook. On the initial ST A T mode screen, press 3 (TEST) to display the test menu, which contains the following items.
20050401 Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list. 3 (TEST) 1 (Z) 1 (1-S) The following shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification. Data ............................ data type µ ..................
20050401 Calculation Result Output Example µ G 1 1.4 ........................ direction of test z .................................. z score p .................................. p-value o .................................. mean of sample x σ n -1 ..
20050401 u u u u u 2-Sample Z T est This test is used when the standard deviations for two populations are known to test the hypothesis. The 2-Sample Z T est is applied to the normal distribution.
20050401 The following shows the meaning of parameter data specification items that are different from list data specification. o 1 ................................. mean of sample 1 n 1 ................................. size (positive integer) of sample 1 o 2 .
20050401 u u u u u 1-Prop Z T est This test is used to test for an unknown proportion of successes. The 1-Prop Z T est is applied to the normal distribution. Z = n x n p 0 (1– p 0 ) – p 0 p 0 : expected sample proportion n : size of sample Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
20050401 u u u u u 2-Prop Z T est This test is used to compare the proportion of successes. The 2-Prop Z T est is applied to the normal distribution. Z = n 1 x 1 n 2 x 2 – p (1 – p ) n 1 1 n 2 1 +.
20050401 Calculation Result Output Example p 1 > p 2 ............................ direction of test z .................................. z score p .................................. p-value ˆ p 1 ................................. estimated proportion of sample 1 ˆ p 2 .
20050401 k k k k k t T ests u u u u u t T est Common Functions Y ou can use the following graph analysis functions after drawing a t T est result output graph.
20050401 u u u u u 1-Sample t T est This test uses the hypothesis test for a single unknown population mean when the popula- tion standard deviation is unknown.
20050401 Calculation Result Output Example µ G 1 1.3 ...................... direction of test t ................................... t score p .................................. p-value o .................................. mean of sample x σ n -1 ...
20050401 u u u u u 2-Sample t T est 2-Sample t T est compares the population means when the population standard deviations are unknown. The 2-Sample t T est is applied to t -distribution.
20050401 The following shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification. Data ............................ data type µ 1 ........
20050401 Calculation Result Output Example µ 1 G µ 2 ........................... direction of test t ................................... t score p .................................. p-value df ................................. degrees of freedom o 1 .
20050401 u u u u u LinearReg t T est LinearReg t T est treats paired-variable data sets as ( x , y ) pairs, and uses the method of least squares to determine the most appropriate a , b coefficients of the data for the regression formula y = a + bx .
20050401 # [Save Res] does not save the β & ρ conditions in line 2. #W hen the list specified by [Save Res] is the same list specified by the [Resid List] item on the Setup screen, only [Resid List] data is saved in the list. 6-5-17 Te sts Calculation Result Output Example β G 0 & ρ G 0 .
20050401 # The matrix must be at least two lines by two columns. An error occurs if the matrix has only one line or one column. #P r e ssing 1 (Mat) while the “Observed” and “Expected” parameter settings are highlighted will display the Matrix (A to Z) setting screen.
20050401 # Pressing 6 ( ' MA T) while a calculation result is displayed enters the Matrix Editor , which you can use to edit and view the contents of matrices. # The following V -Window settings are used for drawing the graph. Xmin = 0, Xmax = 11.
20050401 6-5-20 Te sts k k k k k 2-Sample F T est 2-Sample F T est tests the hypothesis for the ratio of sample variances. The F T est is applied to the F distribution. F = x 1 n –1 2 σ x 2 n –1 2 σ Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
20050401 # [Save Res] does not save the σ 1 condition in line 2. # V -Window settings are automatically optimized for drawing the graph. #E xecuting an analysis function automatically stores the F and p values in alpha variables F and P , respectively .
20050401 * 1 [Save Res] saves each vertical column of the table into its own list. The leftmost column is saved in the specified list, and each subsequent column to the right is saved in the next sequentially numbered list. Up to five lists can be used for storing columns.
20050401 # Graphing is available with T wo-Way ANOV A only . V-Window settings are performed automatically , regardless of Setup screen settings. # Using the T race function automatically stores the number of conditions to alpha variable A and the mean value to variable M, respectively .
20050401 k k k k k ANOV A (T wo-W ay) u u u u u Description The nearby table shows measurement results for a metal product produced by a heat treatment process based on two treatment levels: time (A) and temperature (B). The experiments were repeated twice each under identical conditions.
20050401 u u u u u Input Example u u u u u Results 6-5-25 Te sts.
20050401 6-6 Confidence Interval A confidence interval is a range (interval) that includes a statistical value, usually the population mean. A confidence interval that is too broad makes it difficult to get an idea of where the population value (true value) is located.
20050401 u u u u u General Confidence Interval Precautions Inputting a value in the range of 0 < C-Level < 1 for the C-Level setting sets you value you input. Inputting a value in the range of 1 < C-Level < 100 sets a value equivalent to your input divided by 100.
20050401 k k k k k Z Interval u u u u u 1-Sample Z Interval 1-Sample Z Interval calculates the confidence interval for an unknown population mean when the population standard deviation is known. The following is the confidence interval. Left = o – Z α 2 σ n Right = o + Z α 2 σ n However , α is the level of significance.
20050401 After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press the function key shown below to perform the calculation. • 1 (CALC) ... Performs the calculation. Calculation Result Output Example Left ......
20050401 The following shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification. Data ............................ data type C-Level ........................ confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1) σ 1 ................................. population standard deviation of sample 1 ( σ 1 > 0) σ 2 .
20050401 u u u u u 1-Prop Z Interval 1-Prop Z Interval uses the number of data to calculate the confidence interval for an unknown proportion of successes. The following is the confidence interval. α is the level of significance. The value 100 (1 – α ) % is the confidence level.
20050401 u u u u u 2-Prop Z Interval 2-Prop Z Interval uses the number of data items to calculate the confidence interval for the defference between the proportion of successes in two populations. The following is the confidence interval. α is the level of significance.
20050401 Left .............................. confidence interval lower limit (left edge) Right ............................ confidence interval upper limit (right edge) ˆ p 1 ................................. estimated sample propotion for sample 1 ˆ p 2 .
20050401 o .................................. mean of sample x σ n -1 ............................. sample standard deviation ( x σ n -1 > 0) n ..
20050401 The following confidence interval applies when pooling is not in effect. α is the level of significance. The value 100 (1 – α ) % is the confidence level.
20050401 o 1 ................................. mean of sample 1 x 1 σ n -1 ............................ standard deviation ( x 1 σ n -1 > 0) of sample 1 n 1 ................................. size (positive integer) of sample 1 o 2 ...............
20050401 6-7 Distribution There is a variety of different types of distribution, but the most well-known is “normal distribution,” which is essential for performing statistical calculations.
20050401 u u u u u Common Distribution Functions After drawing a graph, you can use the P-CAL function to calculate an estimated p-value for a particular x value. The following is the general procedure for using the P-CAL function. 1. After drawing a distribution graph, press !5 (G-SL V) 1 (P-CAL) to display the x value input dialog box.
20050401 k k k k k Normal Distribution u u u u u Normal Probability Density Normal probability density calculates the probability density of nomal distribution from a specified x value. Normal probability density is applied to standard normal distribution.
20050401 u u u u u Normal Distribution Probability Normal distribution probability calculates the probability of normal distribution data falling between two specific values. πσ 2 p = 1 e – dx 2 2 σ ( x – µ ) 2 µ a b ∫ a : lower boundary b : upper boundary Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
20050401 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. normal distribution probability z:Low ........................... z:Low value (converted to standardize z score for lower value) z:Up .
20050401 After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press the function key shown below to perform the calculation. • 1 (CALC) ... Performs the calculation. Calculation Result Output Examples x ........
20050401 k k k k k Student- t Distribution u u u u u Student- t Probability Density Student- t probability density calculates t probability density from a specified x value. f ( x ) = Γ Γ df π – df + 1 2 2 df 2 df + 1 df x 2 1+ Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
20050401 u u u u u Student- t Distribution Probability Student- t distribution probability calculates the probability of t distribution data falling between two specific values. p = Γ Γ df π 2 df 2 df + 1 – df +1 2 df x 2 1+ dx a b ∫ a : lower boundary b : upper boundary Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
20050401 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. Student- t distribution probability t:Low ........................... t:Low value (input lower value) t:Up .
20050401 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. χ 2 probability density # Current V -Window settings are used for graph drawing when the Setup screen's [Stat Wind] setting is [Manual]. The V -Window settings below are set automatically when the [Stat Wind] setting is [Auto].
20050401 u u u u u χ 2 Distribution Probability χ 2 distribution probability calculates the probability of χ 2 distribution data falling between two specific values. p = Γ 1 2 df df 2 x e dx 2 1 df 2 –1 x 2 – a b ∫ a : lower boundary b : upper boundary Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
20050401 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. χ 2 distribution probability k k k k k F Distribution u u u u u F Probability Density F probability density calculates the probability density function for the F distribution at a specified x value.
20050401 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. F probability density # V -Window settings for graph drawing are set automatically when the Setup screen's [Stat Wind] setting is [Auto]. Current V -Window settings are used for graph drawing when the [Stat Wind] setting is [Manual].
20050401 u u u u u F Distribution Probability F distribution probability calculates the probability of F distribution data falling between two specific values. p = Γ n 2 dx x d n n 2 –1 2 n Γ 2 n + d Γ 2 d d nx 1 + n + d 2 – a b ∫ a : lower boundary b : upper boundary Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
20050401 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. F distribution probability 6-7-15 Distribution.
20050401 k k k k k Binomial Distribution u u u u u Binomial Probability Binomial probability calculates a probability at a specified value for the discrete binomial distribution with the specified number of trials and probability of success on each trial.
20050401 Calculation Result Output Example p .................................. binomial probability u u u u u Binomial Cumulative Density Binomial cumulative density calculates a cumulative probability at a specified value for the discrete binomial distribution with the specified number of trials and probability of success on each trial.
20050401 After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press the function key shown below to perform the calculation. • 1 (CALC) ... Performs the calculation. Calculation Result Output Example p .........
20050401 k k k k k Poisson Distribution u u u u u Poisson Probability Poisson probability calculates a probability at a specified value for the discrete Poisson distribution with the specified mean. f ( x ) = x! e – x µ µ ( x = 0, 1, 2, ···) µ :m ean ( µ > 0) Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
20050401 u u u u u Poisson Cumulative Density Poisson cumulative density calculates a cumulative probability at specified value for the discrete Poisson distribution with the specified mean. Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
20050401 k k k k k Geometric Distribution u u u u u Geometric Probability Geometric probability calculates the probability at a specified value, and the number of the trial on which the first success occurs, for the geometric distribution with a specified probability of success.
20050401 u u u u u Geometric Cumulative Density Geometric cumulative density calculates a cumulative probability at specified value, the number of the trial on which the first success occurs, for the discrete geometric distribution with the specified probability of success.
20050401 Financial Calculation (TVM) The TVM mode provides you with the tools to perform the following types of financial calculations. •S imple interest •C ompound interest •C ash Flow (Investm.
20050401 7-1 Before Performing Financial Calculations From the Main Menu, enter the TVM mode and display the Financial screen like the one shown below .
20050401 7-1-2 Before Performing Financial Calculations k k k k k Graphing in the TVM Mode After performing a financial calculation, you can use 6 (GRPH) to graph the results as shown below . •P ressing 1 (T race) or !1 (TRC E) while a graph is on the display activates T race, wh ich can be used to look up other financial values.
20050401 7-2 Simple Interest This calculator uses the following formulas to calculate simple interest. u u u u u Formula 365-day Mode SI' = n 365 × PV × i SI' = n 360 × PV × i I % 100 i .
20050401 7-2-2 Simple Interest Use the following function menus to maneuver between calculation result screens. •{ REPT } … {parameter input screen} •{ GRPH } … {draws graph} After drawing a graph, you can press !1 (T RCE) to turn on trace and read calculation results along the graph.
20050401 7-3 Compound Interest This calculator uses the following standard formulas to calculate compound interest. u u u u u Formula I PV+PMT × + FV i (1 + i ) n (1 + i ) n (1 + i × S ) [ (1 + i ) .
20050401 FV = – ( PMT × n + PV ) n PMT = – PV + FV PMT n = – PV + FV • A deposit is indicated by a plus sign (+), while a withdrawal is indicated by a minus sign (–).
20050401 Press 2 (CMPD) from the Financial 1 screen to display the following input screen for compound interest. 2 (CMPD) n .................................. number of compound periods I % ............................... annual interest rate PV .....
20050401 7-3-4 Compound Interest After configuring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted below to perform the corresponding calculation. •{ n } … {number of compound periods} •{ I .
20050401 7-4 Cash Flow (Investment Appraisal) This calculator uses the discounted cash flow (DCF) method to perform investment appraisal by totalling cash flow for a fixed period. This calculator can perform the following four types of investment appraisal.
20050401 u u u u u PBP n : Smallest positive integer that satisfies the conditions NPV n < 0, NPV n +1 > 0, or 0. •P ress 3 (CASH) from the Financial 1 screen to display the following input screen for Cash Flow . 3 (CASH) I % .................
20050401 Use the following function menus to maneuver between calculation result screens. •{ REPT } … {parameter input screen} •{ GRPH } … {draws graph} After drawing a graph, you can press !1 (TRCE) to turn on trace and read calculation results along the graph.
20061001 7-5 Amor tization This calculator can be used to calculate the principal and interest portion of a monthly installment, the remaining principal, and amount of principal and interest repaid up to any point.
20061001 BAL 0 = PV ( INT 1 = 0 and PRN 1 = PMT at beginning of installment term) u Con verting between the nominal interest rate and effective interest rate The nominal interest rate ( I % value inpu.
20050401 7-5-3 Amortization After configuring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted below to perform the corresponding calculation. •{ BAL } … {balance of principal after installment.
20050401 7-6 Interest Rate Conversion The procedures in this section describe how to convert between the annual percentage rate and effective interest rate.
20050401 7-7 Cost, Selling Price, Margin Cost, selling price, or margin can be calculated by inputting the other two values. u u u u u Formula CST = SEL 100 MRG 1– SEL = 100 MRG 1– CST M RG (%) = SEL CST 1– × 100 Press 1 (COST) from the Financial 2 screen to display the following input screen.
20050401 7-8 Day/Date Calculations Y ou can calculate the number of days between two dates, or you can determine what date comes a specific number of days before or after another date. Press 2 (DA YS) from the Financial 2 screen to display the following input screen for day/ date calculation.
20050401 Input the month, day , and year , pressing w after each. After configuring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted below to perform the corresponding calculation.
20050401 Programming 8-1 Basic Programming Steps 8-2 PRGM Mode Function Keys 8-3 Editing Program Contents 8-4 File Management 8-5 Command Reference 8-6 Using Calculator Functions in Programs 8-7 PRGM Mode Command List 8-8 Program Library Chapter This unit comes with approximately 64 Kbytes of memory .
20050401 8-1 Basic Programming Steps Description Commands and calculations are executed sequentially , just like manual calculation multistatements. Set Up 1. From the Main Menu, enter the PRGM mode. When you do, a program list appears on the display .
20050401 Example 1 T o calculate the surface area (cm 2 ) and volume (cm 3 ) of three regular octahedrons when the length of one side is 7, 10, and 15 cm, respectively Store the calculation formula under the file name OCT A.
20050401 8-2 PRGM Mode Function Keys •{ NEW } ... {new program} u When you are registering a file name •{ RUN } / { BASE } ... {general calculation}/{number base} program input •{ Q Q Q Q Q } ... {password registration} •{ SYBL } ... {symbol menu} u When you are inputting a program —— 1 (RUN) … default •{ TOP } / { BTM } .
20050401 u When you are inputting a program —— 2 (BASE) * 1 •{ TOP } / { BTM } / { SRC } •{ MENU } •{ d~o } ... {decimal}/{hexadecimal}/{binary}/{octal} value input •{ LOG } .
20050401 8-3-1 Editing Program Contents 8-3 Editing Program Contents k Debugging a Program A problem in a program that keeps the program from running correctly is called a “bug,” and the process of eliminating such problems is called “debugging.
20050401 k Using an Existing Program to Create a New Program Sometimes you can input a new program by using a program already in memory as a base. Simply recall the existing program, make the changes you need, and then execute it.
20050401 8-3-3 Editing Program Contents Now edit OCT A to produce the TETRA program. 1. Edit the program name. 6 ( g ) 2 (REN) A TETRA w 2. Edit the program contents.
20061001 8-3-4 Editing Program Contents k Searc hing f or Data Inside a Program Example T o search f or the letter “A” inside the program named OCT A 1. Recall the program. 2. Press 3 (SRC) and input the data you want to find. 3 (SRC) av (A) 3. Press w to begin the search.
20050401 8-4-1 File Management 8-4 File Management k Searching for a File u To find a file using initial character search Example T o use initial character search to recall the program named OCT A 1. While the program list is on the display , press 6 ( g ) 1 (SRC) and input the initial characters of the file you want to find.
20050401 8-4-2 File Management k k k k k Editing a file name Example T o change the name of a file from TRIANGLE to ANGLE 1. While the program list is on the display , use f and c to move the highlighting to the file whose name you want to edit and then press 6 ( g ) 2 (REN).
20050401 8-4-3 File Management u To delete all programs 1. While the program list is on the display , press 5 (DEL • A). 2. Press 1 (Y es) to delete all the programs in the list or 6 (No) to abort the operation without deleting anything.
20050401 8-4-4 File Management 3. Press w to register the file name and password. Now you can input the contents of the program file. 4. After inputting the program, press !J (QUIT) to exit the program file and return to the program list. Files that are password protected are indicated by an asterisk to the right of the file name.
20050401 8-5-1 Command Reference 8-5 Command Reference k Command Index Break ............................................................................................................... 8-5-6 ClrGraph ...............................................
20050401 8-5-2 Command Reference The following are conventions that are used in this section when describing the various commands. Boldface T ext ............... Actual commands and other items that always must be input are shown in boldface. {Curly Brackets} .
20050401 8-5-3 Command Reference ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ (Output Command) Function: Displays an intermediate result during program execution. Description: • This command momentarily interrupts program execution and displays alpha character text or the result of the calculation immediately before the command.
20050401 k Program Commands (COM) If~Then~(Else~)IfEnd Function: The Then-statement is executed only when the If-condition is true (non-zero). The Else-statement is executed when the If-condition is false (0). The IfEnd- statement is always executed following either the Then-statement or Else-statement.
20050401 8-5-5 Command Reference Description: • The default step value is 1. •M aking the starting value less than the ending value and specifying a positive step value causes the control variable to be incremented with each execution.
20050401 8-5-6 Command Reference While~WhileEnd Function: This command repeats specific commands as long as its condition is true (non- zero). Syntax: Parameters: expression Description: • This command repeats the commands contained in the loop as long as its condition is true (non-zero).
20050401 8-5-7 Command Reference Prog Function: This command specifies execution of another program as a subroutine. In the RUN • MA T mode, this command executes a new program.
20050401 8-5-8 Command Reference Return Function: This command returns from a subroutine. Syntax: Return Description: Execution of the Return command inside a main routine causes execution of the program to stop.
20050401 8-5-9 Command Reference k Jump Commands (JUMP) Dsz Function: This command is a count jump that decrements the value of a control variable by 1, and then jumps if the current value of the variable is zero. Syntax: Parameters: variable name: A to Z, r , θ [Example] Dsz B : Decrements the value assigned to variable B by 1.
20050401 8-5-10 Command Reference Goto~Lbl Function: This command performs an unconditional jump to a specified location. Syntax: Goto <label name> ~ Lbl <label name> Parameters: label nam.
20061001 Isz Function: This command is a count jump that increments the value of a control variable by 1, and then jumps if the current value of the variable is zero.
20050401 8-5-12 Command Reference k k k k k Clear Commands (CLR) ClrGraph Function: This command clears the graph screen and returns V iew Window settings to their INIT values. Syntax: ClrGraph Description: This command clears the graph screen during program execution.
20050401 8-5-13 Command Reference k k k k k Display Commands (DISP) DispF-Tbl, DispR-Tbl No parameters Function: These commands display numeric tables. Description: • These commands generate numeric tables during program execution in accordance with conditions defined within the program.
20050401 8-5-14 Command Reference DrawR Σ -Con, DrawR Σ -Plt No parameters Function: These commands use values in a generated table to graph a recursion expression with Σ a n ( Σ b n or Σ c n ) as the vertical axis and n as the horizontal axis.
20050401 8-5-15 Command Reference k Input/Output Commands (I/O) Getkey Function: This command returns the code that corresponds to the last key pressed. Syntax: Getkey Description: • This command returns the code that corresponds to the last key pressed.
20050401 8-5-16 Command Reference Locate Function: This command displays alpha-numeric characters at a specific location on the text screen. Syntax: Locate <column number>, <line number>, .
20050401 8-5-17 Command Reference Receive ( / Send ( Function: This command receives data from and sends data to a connected device. Syntax: Receive (<data>) / Send (<data>) Description: • This command receives data from and sends data to a connected device.
20050401 8-5-18 Command Reference k Conditional Jump Relational Operators (REL) =, ≠ , >, <, ≥ , ≤ Function: These relational operators are used in combination with the conditional jump command.
20050401 8-6 Using Calculator Functions in Programs k T ext Display Y ou can include text in a program by simply enclosing it between double quotation marks. Such text appears on the display during program execution, which means you can add labels to input prompts and results.
20050401 u To calculate a scalar multiplication ( ` ` ` ` ` Row) Example 2 T o calculate the product of Row 2 of the matrix in Example 1 and the scalar 4 The following is the syntax to use for this program. ` Row 4, A, 2 _ Mat A Executing this program produces the following result.
20050401 u To add two rows (Row+) Example 4 T o add Row 2 to Row 3 of the matrix in Example 1 The following is the syntax to use for this program. Row+ A, 2, 3 _ Mat A Executing this program produces the following result.
20061001 8-6-4 Using Calculator Functions in Programs u Syntax of other graphing functions • V-Window View Window <Xmin>, <Xmax>, <Xscale>, <Ymin>, <Ymax>, <Yscale>, <T θ min>, <T θ max>, <T θ pitch> StoV-Win <area of V-Win> .
20050401 k k k k k Using Dynamic Graph Functions in a Program Using Dynamic Graph functions in a program makes it possible to perform repeated Dynamic Graph operations.
20050401 k k k k k Using T able & Graph Functions in a Program T able & Graph functions in a program can generate numeric tables and perform graphing operations. The following shows various types of syntax you need to use when programming with T able & Graph functions.
20050401 k k k k k Using Recursion T able & Graph Functions in a Program Incorporating Recursion T able & Graph functions in a program lets you generate numeric tables and perform graphing operations. The following shows various types of syntax you need to use when programming with Recursion T able & Graph functions.
20050401 8-6-8 Using Calculator Functions in Programs Example Program V iew Window 0, 1, 1, –0.2, 1, 1 _ 1 a n +1 T ype _ 23 ”– 3 a n 2 + 3 a n ” → a n +1 _ 0 → R Start _ 6 → RE n d _ 0.01 → a 0 _ 0.01 → a n Start _ 8 DispR-Tbl ^ 0 9 DrawWeb a n +1 , 30 Executing this program produces the results shown here.
20050401 k k k k k Using Solve Calculation Function in a Program The following is the syntax for using the Solve function in a program. Solve( f ( x ) , n , a , b ) Upper limit Lower limit Initial est.
20050401 The graph conditions that are required depends on the graph type. See “Changing Graph Parameters” (page 6-1-2). • The following is a typical graph condition specification for a scatter diagram or xy Line graph.
20050401 • The following is a typical graph condition specification for a sinusoidal regression graph. S-Gph1 DrawOn, Sinusoidal, List 1, List 2 _ • The following is a typical graph condition specification for a logistic regression graph.
20050401 • Paired-variable statistical calculation 1 2-V ariable List 1, List 2, List 3 Frequency data (Frequency) y -axis data (YList) x -axis data (XList) 1 4162 • Regression statistical calcula.
20050401 8-7-1 PRGM Mode Command List 8-7 PRGM Mode Command List Level 2 List L → M Dim Fill Seq Min Max Mean Med Aug Sum Prod Cuml % A Mat M → L Det Trn Aug Iden Dim Fill i Abs Arg Conj ReP ImP &.
20050401 Level 1 V-WIN FACT STAT GRPH DYNA TABL RECR EQUA TVM Level 2 X Y T, R-X R-Y R-T, Xfct Yfct X Y GRPH PTS Y r Xt Yt X Strt End Pitch Strt End Pitch Reslt FORM RANG Reslt S-Rlt S-Cof P-Rlt P-Cof.
20050401 Level 1 d~o LOG DISP Level 2 d h b o Neg Not and or xor xnor ' Dec ' Hex ' Bin ' Oct Level 3 C o m m a n d d h b o Neg_ Not_ and or xor xnor ' Dec ' Hex ' B.
20050401 8-8-1 Program Library Description This program continually divides a natural number by factors until all its prime factors are produced. Purpose This program accepts input of natural number A, and divides it by B (2, 3, 5, 7....) to find the prime factors of A.
20050401 8-8-2 Program Library egc w w ww w.
20050401 Description After inputting sequence terms 1, 2, and 3, this program determines whether it is an arithmetic sequence or geometric sequence based on the differences and ratios of the terms. Purpose This program determines whether a specific sequence is an arithmetic sequence or geometric sequence.
20050401 8-8-4 Program Library Example 1 Example 2 f w ba w bf w f w ba w ca w.
20050401 8-8-5 Program Library Description This program displays a number table of the following values based on input of the foci of an ellipse, the sum of the distance between the loci and foci, and the pitch (step size) of X.
20050401 8-8-6 Program Library w ba w b w w d.
20050401 Description This program draws an angle at the coordinate defined by an input vertex, and then rotates it to a specified angle around the vertex. Purpose This program demonstrates coordinate transformation using a matrix. Important! Deg must be set as the angle unit for this program.
20061001 8-8-8 Program Library d w fcde ... fcde ... w w fcde ... da w w fcde ... w 20070101.
20050401 Description This program calculates the interior angles and surface area of a triangle defined by input coordinates for angles A, B, and C. Purpose This program calculates the interior angles and surface area of a triangle defined by coordinates for angles A, B, and C.
20050401 8-8-10 Program Library b a w a w b w a w a w!x ( ) d w.
20050401 9 Chapter Spreadsheet The Spreadsheet application provides you with powerful, take- along-anywhere spreadsheet capabilities. 9-1 Spreadsheet Overview 9-2 File Operations and Re-calculation 9-.
20050401 9-1 Spreadsheet Overview This section describes the Spreadsheet application screen, and provides basic information about its menus and commands. k k k k k Using the S • SHT Mode On the Main Menu, select the S • SHT icon. • This will enter the S • SHT mode and display a spreadsheet.
20050401 k k k k k S • SHT Mode Function Menu • { FILE } … {displays the FILE submenu} •{ NEW } … {creates a new spreadsheet file} •{ OPEN } … {displays a list of previously saved spreadsheet files} Y ou can select a file on this list and open it or delete it.
20050401 •{ SEQ } … {generates a numeric sequence the same way as the “Seq(” command (page 3-2-3)} The sequence starts from a specified cell, and can be configured to proceed in a line-wise or column-wise direction. The direction is the one specified by the “Move” setting on the Setup screen (page 1-7-5).
20050401 • { STO } … {displays the STO submenu} •{ VA R } … {assigns the contents of a cell to a variable} •{ LIST } … {saves the contents of a range of cells as a list} •{ FILE } … {s.
20050401 9-2-1 File Operations and Re-calculation 9-2 File Operations and Re-calculation This section explains the various operations you can perform with S • SHT mode files. It also tells you how to re-calculate the formulas in a spreadsheet. k k k k k Spreadsheet File Operations u To create a new file 1.
20050401 9-2-2 File Operations and Re-calculation u To open a file 1. In the S • SHT mode, press 1 (FILE) 2 (OPEN). • This will display a list of existing spreadsheet files. 2. Use f and c to highlight the name of the file you want to open. 3. Press w .
20050401 9-2-3 File Operations and Re-calculation u To save a file under a new name (Save As) 1. In the S • SHT mode, press 1 (FILE) 3 (SV • AS). •T his will display a dialog box for entering a file name. 2. Enter up to eight characters for the file name, and then press w .
20050401 9-3-1 Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations 9-3 Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations This section explains basic procedures for selecting cells and moving the cell cursor on a spreadsheet. k k k k k Cell Cursor The cell cursor is the highlighting showing the cell or cells that are currently selected on a spreadsheet.
20050401 u To move the cell cursor using the JUMP command To move the cell cursor to Do this: here: A particular cell 1. Press 2 (EDIT) 4 (JUMP) 1 (GO). 2. On the “Go T o Cell” dialog box that appears, enter the name of the destination cell (A1 to Z999).
20050401 u To select an entire line While the cell cursor is located in any cell of Column A, press the d key . This will select the entire line where the cell cursor is located. If the cell cursor is located at cell A1, for example, pressing d will select all of line 1 (A1 to Z1).
20050401 u To select a range of cells 1. Move the cell cursor to the start cell of the range you want to select. 2. Press ! i (CLIP). •T his will cause the cell cursor to change from highlighting to a thick-line boundary . •A s you move the cell cursor , the edit box will show the range of cells that are currently selected.
20050401 9-4 Inputting and Editing Cell Data This section explains how to input and edit formulas, text, and other spreadsheet cell data. It covers how to copy , insert, and delete cells. Note that the S • SHT mode does not support complex number data.
20050401 u To replace a cell’ s current contents with new input 1. Move the cell cursor to the cell where you want to input data. 2. Input the desired data. Use the calculator ’s keys to input values, math expressions, or text, and the function menus to input commands.
20050401 2. Press 2 (EDIT) 3 (CELL). •T his will enter the edit mode, which is indicated by the cell contents in the edit box changing to flush left. The input cursor also will appear to the left of the first character of the edit box. 3. Edit the data in the edit box.
20050401 u Formula Input Example In this example, we will input the 60 into cell A1, and then input the following formulas into the indicated cells: B1: =sin(A1), B2: =cos(A1), B3: =tan(A1), B4: =B1/B.
20050401 9-4-5 Inputting and Editing Cell Data k k k k k Using Cell References A cell reference is a symbol that references the value of one cell for use by another cell. If you input “=A1+B1” into cell C2, for example, the Spreadsheet will add the current value of cell A1 to the current value of cell B1, and display the result in cell C2.
20050401 9-4-6 Inputting and Editing Cell Data k k k k k Referencing a Particular Cell The following procedure shows how to reference A1 (which contains the value 3) and perform the calculation A1 × 2. u To reference a particular cell 1. Move the cell cursor to cell A2, and then input ! .
20050401 9-4-7 Inputting and Editing Cell Data 5. Next, input *c . 6. Press w to store the formula. Result of A1 × 2 k k k k k Referencing a Range of Cells Y ou can reference a range of cells to obtain their sum, mean, etc. The following procedure input a formula to determine the sum of cells A6 through B7, and inputs the result in cell A4.
20050401 9-4-8 Inputting and Editing Cell Data 5. Press ! i (CLIP). •T his will cause the cell cursor to change from highlighting to a thick-line boundary . 6. Use the cursor keys to move the cell cursor to the last cell of the range you want to select (B7 in this example).
20050401 9-4-9 Inputting and Editing Cell Data k k k k k Inputting the Absolute Reference Symbol ($) Y ou can input the absolute reference symbol at the current cursor position by pressing the 2 ($) key of the edit mode function menu. See “Absolute Cell References” (page 9-4-5) for more information.
20050401 9-4-10 Inputting and Editing Cell Data k k k k k Inputting a Constant An expression or value that you input without an equal (=) in front of it is called a “constant”, because the value is not affected by anything outside of the cell where it is located.
20050401 9-4-1 1 Inputting and Editing Cell Data k k k k k Inputting T ext A text string starting with a quote mark (") is treated as text, and displayed as-is.
20050401 9-4-12 Inputting and Editing Cell Data 3. Enter the required items to generate the sequence. • The following describes the required input items. Item Description Expr Function f ( x ) for generating the sequence Va rN ame of the variable in the function f ( x ) Even if a function has only one variable, its name must be defined here.
20050401 k k k k k Filling a Range of Cells with the Same Content Y ou can use the following procedure to fill a range of cells with the same formula, expression, value, or text.
20050401 4. Press w . 5. Press 6 (EXE) or the w key . •T his executes the “FILL” command and fills the specified content into the specified range of cells. The A1 cell reference is a relative reference. The following shows the formulas that are actually input into each cell.
20050401 9-4-15 Inputting and Editing Cell Data k k k k k Cut and Paste Y ou can use the procedures in this section to cut the data in one location of a spreadsheet and paste in another location. Y ou can cut the contents of a single cell or a range of cells.
20050401 •W hen a cell within the cut area is referencing a cell that also is within the cut area In this case all cell references are treated as relative cell references, no matter what type they actually are (absolute or relative). Example Let’ s say we have a spreadsheet that contains the following data: A1: 4, B1: =A1+1, C1: = $B$1+2.
20050401 3. Use the cursor keys to move the cell cursor to the cell from which you want to paste the data. • If you selected a range of cells in step 1, the cell you select with the cell cursor will be the upper left cell of the paste range. If you cut the A1:B2 range of cells, locating the cell cursor at cell C1 will paste the cells at C1:D2.
20050401 3. Use the cursor keys to move the cell cursor to the cell from which you want to paste the data. • If you selected a range of cells in step 1, the cell you select with the cell cursor will be the upper left cell of the paste range. If you copy the A1:B2 range of cells, locating the cell cursor at cell C1 will paste the cells at C1:D2.
20050401 k k k k k Sorting Spreadsheet Data Spreadsheet data can be sorted column-wise or line-wise. Y ou can select either ascending sort or descending sort. Important! •S orting can be performed only when the selected range of cells contains all constants.
20050401 3. Use the DEL submenu to perform the operation you want. When you want to do this: Press this key: Delete the entire row(s) of the currently selected cell(s), and shift anything below upwards. 1 (ROW) Delete the entire column(s) of the currently selected cell(s), and shift anything to the right leftwards.
20050401 u To insert lines or columns of blank cells 1. Select one or more cells to specify how many lines or columns you want to insert. •S election rules are the same as those for line and column deletion. See step 1 under “T o delete an entire line or column of cells” (page 9-4-19) for more information.
20050401 9-5 S • SHT Mode Commands This section explains how to use the S • SHT mode commands. u To input a S • SHT mode command 1. Select the cells where you want to input the formula that contains the S • SHT mode command. 2. Press 2 (EDIT) 3 (CELL) or ! .
20050401 k k k k k S • SHT Mode Command Reference This section provides details about the function and syntax of each command, as well as practical examples of how to use them. Note that you can omit anything enclosed in brackets ([ ]) in the Syntax of each command.
20050401 u u u u u CellMax( Function: Returns the greatest value contained in the range of specified cells. Syntax: CellMax( start cell : end cell [ ) ] Example: T o determine the greatest value in th.
20050401 u u u u u CellSum( Function: Returns the sum of the values contained in the range of specified cells. Syntax: CellSum( start cell : end cell [ ) ] Example: T o determine the sum of the values.
20050401 9-6-1 Statistical Graphs 9-6 Statistical Graphs This section explains how to graph the data in a spreadsheet. k k k k k Overview Except for selection of the data to be graphed, the graph operations you can use in the S • SHT mode are basically the same as those in the ST A T mode.
20050401 9-6-2 Statistical Graphs k k k k k Configuring Graph Parameter Settings Pressing 6 (SET) on the GRPH submenu displays a graph settings screen like the one shown below . In the ST A T mode, you can graph data input with the List Editor . In the S • SHT mode, you can graph the data input into the spreadsheet cells.
20050401 9-6-3 Statistical Graphs k k k k k Graphing Statistical Data The following shows an actual example of how to graph statistical data in the S • SHT mode. It also explains various methods you can use to specify the range of cells that contains the graph data.
20050401 9-6-4 Statistical Graphs 5. Configure the graph setup settings. • For information about configuring the Graph T ype and Mark T ype settings, see “1. General graph settings” on page 6-1-2, “6-2 Calculating and Graphing Single-V ariable Statistical Data”, and “6-3 Calculating and Graphing Paired-V ariable Statistical Data”.
20050401 9-6-5 Statistical Graphs k k k k k Configuring Range Settings for Graph Data Cells The XCellRange and YCellRange settings on the graph settings screen are configured automatically in accordance with the cells you select on the spreadsheet. Y ou can use the procedure below to change these settings manually , if you want.
20050401 9-6-6 Statistical Graphs k k k k k Configuring the Frequency Setting The frequency is a value that specifies how many times each of the statistical data items is repeated. A value of 1 is the initial default for this setting. With this setting, each data item ( x ) or data pair ( x , y ) is represented as one point on the graph.
20050401 9-7-1 Using the CALC Function 9-7 Using the CALC Function This section explains how to use the CALC function to perform statistical calculations on spreadsheet data.
20050401 9-7-2 Using the CALC Function k k k k k Configuring Statistical Calculation Data Settings To execute a statistical calculation in the S • SHT mode, you need to input the data on the spreadsheet and define the range of cells where the data is located as statistical calculation cells.
20050401 9-7-3 Using the CALC Function k k k k k Executing a Statistical Calculation The following shows an actual example of how to perform a statistical calculation in the S • SHT mode.
20050401 9-7-4 Using the CALC Function 9. Press J2 (2V AR). •T his will display the paired-variable statistical calculation result list. Y ou can use the up and down cursor keys to scroll the result screen.
20050401 9-8-1 Using Memory in the S • SHT Mode 9-8 Using Memory in the S • SHT Mode This section explains how to save spreadsheet data to memory , and how to import memory data into a spreadsheet. k k k k k Saving Spreadsheet Data Y ou can assign spreadsheet data to a variable, or save it to List Memory , File Memory , or Mat Memory .
20050401 9-8-2 Using Memory in the S • SHT Mode k k k k k Saving Spreadsheet Data to List Memory Y ou can use the following procedure to select a series of cells in a particular column or row and save their data to List Memory (List 1 through List 26).
20061001 9-8-3 Using Memory in the S • SHT Mode u T o save the contents of a range of cells to File Memor y 1. Select the range of cells whose data you want to save in File Memory. 2. Press 6 ( g ) 3 (STO) 3 (FILE). • The “Cell Range” setting will show the range of cells you selected in step 1.
20050401 k k k k k Recalling Data from Memory The procedures in this section explain how to recall data from List Memory , File Memory , and Mat Memory , and input it into a spreadsheet starting from a specific cell. It also explains how to use variables in spreadsheet constants and formulas.
20050401 u To recall data from a File Memory to a spreadsheet 1. On the spreadsheet, select the upper left cell of the range where you want the recalled data to be input. 2. Press 6 ( g ) 4 (RCL) 2 (FILE) to display a data recall screen like the one shown below .
20050401 eActivity An eActivity is both a documentation tool and a student notebook. As a documentation tool, a teacher can create electronic examples and practice problems with accompanying text, mathematical expressions, graphs, and tables.
20050401 10-1 eActivity Overview eActivity lets you input and edit text, mathematical expressions, and application data, and save your input in a file called an “eActivity”. k k k k k Using the e • ACT Mode On the Main Menu, select the e • ACT icon.
20050401 k k k k k W orkspace Screen Function Menu Opening an eActivity file displays a workspace screen that shows the current contents of the eActivity . The sample below shows the parts that make up the eActivity workspace. Note that not all of the eActivity can be displayed in a single screen.
20050401 k k k k k T ext Line Function Menu • { FILE } … {displays the FILE submenu} •{ SA VE } … {saves the file you are editing, overwriting the previous (unedited) version} •{ SV • AS }.
20050401 k k k k k Math Line and Stop Line Function Menu • { FILE } … Same as {FILE} under “T ext Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3). • { STRP } … Same as {STRP} under “T ext Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3).
20050401 10-1-5 eActivity Overview k k k k k Strip Function Menu • { FILE } … Same as {FILE} under “T ext Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3) except for {SIZE}.
20050401 10-1-6 eActivity Overview 1. From the main menu, enter the e • ACT mode. 2. Create a new eActivity file. 1. Press 2 (NEW). 2. On the dialog box that appears, enter up to eight characters for the eActivity file name, and then press w . • This will display a blank workspace screen with a text line cursor (for text line input).
20050401 10-1-7 eActivity Overview 2. Specify the Solve calculation, and then enter the function. A K 4 (CALC) 1 (Solve) c vx + v -d, 3. Input the initial estimate value, the lower limit, and the upper limit. a,a,ba) 4. Press w to solve for x . • This will display the solution ( x = 1) and move the cursor to the beginning of the next line.
20050401 10-1-8 eActivity Overview 6. Graph the expression using the Graph strip. 1. While the “Graph draw” Graph strip you created in step 5 is selected, press w . • This will display a graph screen. 2. Press !6 (G ↔ T) to display the Graph Editor screen.
20050401 10-2 Working with eActivity Files This section explains the different file operations you can perform from the eActivity file list screen. k Selecting a Memory Area to Display its Files Pressing the 6 function key toggles the eActivity list between Storage Memory and the SD card loaded in the card slot.
20050401 •Y ou do not need to open a folder if you want to create the new file in the Storage Memory or SD card root directory . •F or information about creating a new folder , see “Creating a Folder in Storage Memory or on an SD Card” (page 12-7-5).
20050401 u To delete a file 1. While the file list screen is displayed, use the 6 function key to select the memory area (Storage Memory or SD card) that contains the file you want to delete. 2. If the file you want to delete is in a folder , use f and c to highlight the folder , and then press 1 (OPEN) or w .
20050401 10-3 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data The following shows the type of eActivity file data you can input and edit. 10-3-1 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data T ext line A text line can be used to input characters, numbers, and expressions as non-executable text.
20050401 k k k k k Navigating around the eActivity Workspace Screen u To scroll the eActivity workspace screen vertically The workspace screen can be scrolled line-by-line, or screen-by-screen. •P ressing f while the cursor is in the top line of the workspace screen will scroll one line upwards.
20050401 10-3-3 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data u To change the current line into a text line 1. On the eActivity workspace screen, check the menu of the 3 function key . • If the 3 key menu is “TEXT”, it means that the current line is already a text line.
20050401 10-3-4 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data u Inputting and Editing T ext Line Contents •Y ou can input up to 255 bytes of text into a text line. Scroll arrows ( ] ' ) will appear on the left and right sides of the text line to let you know there is additional text that does not fit within the text line display area.
20061001 10-3-5 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data u T o input a calculation formula into an eActivity 1. On the eActivity workspace screen, change the line where the cursor is currently located into a math line, or insert a new math line.
20050401 10-3-6 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data u To insert a math line To insert a math line while the cursor is Perform this key operation: located here: In a math line 5 (INS) 2 (CALC) In.
20050401 10-3-7 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data u Stop Line Example The following screen shows how you can use stop lines to group calculation steps. A: Substituting a value ( here) for θ in the expression in line 1 executes (sin θ ) 2 + (cos θ ) 2 in line 3, and displays the result in line 4 (1).
20050401 k Inserting a Strip A strip can be used to embed data from Graph, Conics Graph, Spreadsheet, and other applications into an eActivity . Note that only one application screen (either the Graph screen or Graph Editor screen in the case of GRAPH mode data, for example) can be used in each strip.
20050401 u To insert a strip 1. Move the cursor to the location where you want to insert the strip. 2. Press 2 (STRP). •T his will display a dialog box with a list of insertable strips. 3. Use f and c to highlight the name of the strip for the type of data you want to embed.
20050401 When you want to embed this type of data: Select this type of strip: DYNA mode Dynamic Graph screen Dynamic Graph TVM mode Financial screen Financial S • SHT mode Spreadsheet screen SpreadSheet 4. Press w . •T he strip is inserted above the line or the strip where the cursor is currently located.
20050401 10-3-1 1 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data u To change the title of a strip 1. Use f and c to highlight the strip whose title you want to change. 2. Input the new title. •P ress d or e to display the text input cursor , and then edit the current title.
20050401 u To call up an application from a strip 1. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to the strip whose associated application you want to call up. 2. Press w . •T he application screen will be blank the first time you call it up after inserting a strip.
20050401 u To switch from an application screen called up from a strip to another application screen Press ! , ( , ). •O n the application list that appears, use f and c to highlight the name of the screen to which you want to switch, and then press w .
20050401 3. Press w to call up the graph screen. •S ince you have not input any data yet, the graph screen that appears will be blank. 4. Press !6 (G ↔ T) to display the Graph Editor screen. •T his will display the current Graph strip’s Graph relation list.
20050401 u T able Editor Strip Example In this example, we use a T able Editor strip to input the function y = x 2 , and reference “List 1” of the List Editor for the x -variable range to generate a number table. Things to remember ... •U se the T able Editor to input the function y = x 2 .
20050401 8. Call up the List Editor screen (page 6-1-1). • Press ! , ( , ) to display the application list, select List Editor , and then press w . 9. Input the values into List 1. 10. Return to the T able Editor screen. •P ress ! , ( , ) to display the application list, select T able Editor , and then press w .
20050401 u To use copy and paste to draw a graph 1. Perform steps 1 through 7 under “T o create a Graph strip” (page 10-3-13) to create a Graph strip with the title “Graph draw”. •A fter completing step 7, check to make sure the Graph strip is highlighted on the eActivity workspace screen.
20050401 k Using Notes Notes is a text editor that can be used only in eActivity . Y ou can call up the Notes screen from a Notes strip on the eActivity workspace screen. Y ou can perform the following operations on a Notes screen. u Input and edit text T ext is input at the current cursor position on the Notes screen.
20050401 k Deleting an eActivity Line or Strip Use the following procedure to delete a line or strip from the eActivity workspace screen. Remember that deleting a math line deletes both the expression line and the result line. u To delete a line or strip 1.
20050401 k Saving an eActivity File After inputting or editing data on the eActivity workspace screen, you can save it to a file under a new name (Save As) or you can replace the previously saved version of the file you are working on (Save). In the case of Save As, both the previous version and the new version of the file are saved.
20061001 10-4 Using Matrix Editor and List Editor In addition to the strip operation for calling up application screens within eActivity (page 10-3-12), you can also use the eActivity function menu to call up Matrix Editor and List Editor.
20050401 k Calling Up List Editor Y ou can call up List Editor to input a list into a math line on the eActivity workspace screen. Note The data you create by calling up the List Editor using the procedure below can be used in the calculation line on the eActivity workspace screen only .
20050401 10-5-1 eActivity File Memory Usage Screen 10-5 eActivity File Memory Usage Screen The size of an eActivity file is limited. Y ou can use the eActivity file memory usage screen to check the current size and how much more memory is available for the eActivity file you are working on.
20050401 System Settings Menu Use the system settings menu to view system information and make system settings. The system settings menu lets you do the following.
20050401 1 1-1-1 Using the System Settings Menu 1 1-1 Using the System Settings Menu From the Main Menu, enter the SYSTEM mode and display the following menu items. • 1 ( ) ... {display contrast adjustment} • 2 (APO) ... {Auto Power Off time setting} • 3 (LANG) .
20061001 11-2 System Settings k Contrast Adjustment Use the (Contrast) item to adjust display contrast. While the initial SYSTEM mode screen is displayed, press 1 ( ) to display the Contrast Adjustment screen. • The e cursor key makes display contrast darker.
20061001 k System Language Setting Use LANG to specify the display language for built-in applications. You can also use add-ins to install various other languages. u T o select the Message Language 1. From the initial SYSTEM mode screen, press 3 (LANG) to display the Message Language selection screen.
20050401 1 1-3-1 V ersion List 1 1-3 V ersion List The V ersion list shows the following items. • Operating system version • Add-in application versions • Add-in message data versions • Add-in menu data versions • User name Y ou can register the user name you want.
20050401 u u u u u T o register a user name 1. While the V ersion list is displayed, press 1 (NAME) to display the user name input screen. 2. Input up to eight characters for the user name you want. 3. After inputting the name, press w to register it, and return to the V ersion list.
20050401 1 1-4 Reset 1. While the initial SYSTEM mode screen is displayed, press 5 (RSET) to display the Reset Screen 1. • 1 (STUP) ... {setup initialization} • 2 (MAIN) ... {main memory data clear} • 3 (ADD) ... {add-in application clear} • 4 (SMEM) .
20050401 11 - 4 -2 Reset 2. Press the function key that corresponds to the reset operation you want to perform. 3. In response to the confirmation message that appears, press 1 (Y es) to perform the reset operation you specified, or 6 (No) to cancel. Screen produced when 2 (MAIN) is pressed in step 2.
20050401 Data Communications This chapter tells you everything you need to know to transfer programs between two CASIO Power Graphic calculators connected using the cable that is equipped as a standard accessory . Y ou can use the USB cable that comes with the calculator to connect it to a computer to exchange images and other data.
20061001 12-1-1 Connecting T wo Units 12-1 Connecting T w o Units The following procedure describes how to connect two units with the connecting cable that comes equipped as a standard accessory. u T o connect two units 1. Check to make sure that the power of both units is off.
20061001 12-2 Connecting the Unit to a P ersonal Computer You can use the USB cable that comes with the calculator to connect it to a computer to exchange images and other data.
20050401 12-3 Performing a Data Communication Operation From the Main Menu, enter the LINK mode. The following data communication main menu appears on the display . •{ TRAN } ... {displays the data send screen} •{ RECV } ... {displays the data receive screen} •{ CABL } .
20050401 k k k k k Performing a Data T ransfer Operation Connect the two units and then perform the following procedures. Receiving unit To set up the calculator to receive data, press 2 (RECV) while the data communication main menu is displayed. The calculator enters a data receive standby mode and waits for data to arrive.
20050401 12-3-3 Performing a Data Communication Operation Pressing 1 (MAIN) or 2 (SMEM) displays a screen for specifying the data selection method. • { SEL } .
20050401 u To execute a send operation After selecting the data items to send, press 6 (TRAN). A message appears to confirm that you want to execute the send operation. • 1 (Y es) ... sends data • 6 (No) ... returns to data selection screen Press 1 (Y es) to send the data.
20050401 12-3-5 Performing a Data Communication Operation k Specifying the Cable T ype Use the following procedure to specify the cable type for data communication. 1. On the data communication main menu, press 4 (CABL). This displays the cable type selection screen.
20050401 12-4 Data Communications Precautions The following are the types of data items that can be sent. Data Item Contents Overwrite Check * 1 <PROGRAM> Program group Program names Program contents (All programs are listed.
20050401 • 1 (YES) ... {replaces the receiving unit’s existing data with the new data} • 6 (NO) ... {skips to next data item} Note the following precautions whenever you perform data communications. •A n error occurs whenever you try to send data to a receiving unit that is not yet standing by to receive data.
20061001 12-4-3 Data Communications Precautions k Exchanging Data with another Model Calculator • The graph line style data of this calculator is interchangeable with the line color data of the CFX-9850. • Sending the following type of data to a CFX-9850 will cause an error.
20050401 12-5 Image T ransfer k T ransferring Images to a Computer Use the following procedure to capture calculator screen images to a computer . Perform this procedure using F A-124 software running on the computer. 1. Use the USB cable to connect the calculator to the computer .
20050401 k Auto Image T ransfer to an OHP Unit The following procedure sends the screen of this calculator to an OHP unit at fixed intervals. 1. Use the USB cable to connect the calculator to the OHP unit. 2. On the calculator ’s data communication main menu, press 6 (CAPT).
20050401 12-5-3 Image T ransfer k Connecting to a Projector Y ou can connect the calculator to a CASIO projector and project calculator screen contents onto a screen.
20050401 12-6-1 Add-ins 12-6 Add-ins Add-in capabilities let you install separately available applications and other software to tailor the calculator to suit your particular needs. Add-ins are installed from a computer using the data communication described on page 12-3-1.
20050401 12-7-1 MEMORY Mode 12-7 MEMOR Y Mode This calculator has two separate memory areas: a “main memory” and a “storage memory .” The main memory is a work area where you can perform input data, perform calculations and run programs.
20050401 k Memory Information Screen Press 1 (MAIN) to display current main memory use information. Press 2 (SMEM) to display current storage memory use information. Press 3 (SD) to display current SD card memory use information. •U se the cursor f and c keys to move the highlighting and check the number of bytes used by each type of data.
20050401 Moving the highlighting to a data group or folder and pressing w will display the data group or folder contents. Pressing J will return to the previous screen. When the contents of a storage memory or SD card folder are displayed, the first line of the screen shows the name of the folder .
20050401 Data Name Contents <CAPTURE> Capture memory group CAPT n ( n = 1 to 20) Capture memory CONICS Conics setting data <PROGRAM> Program group Each program name Programs <S-SHEET>.
20050401 k Creating a Folder in Storage Memory or on an SD Card Use the following procedure to create and rename folders in storage memory and on an SD card. u To create a new folder 1. While storage memory or SD card memory data is on the display , press 4 (MK • F) to display the folder name input screen.
20050401 u To rename a folder 1. On the storage memory or SD card memory information screen, select the folder you want to rename. 2. Press 5 (RN • F) to display the rename folder screen. 3. Input up to eight characters for the name you want to give to the folder .
20050401 •Y ou can select multiple files, if you want. •S electing a group or folder also selects everything inside of it. Deselecting a group or folder deselects all of its contents.
20050401 k Copying Data Y ou can copy data between main memory , storage memory , and the SD card. u To copy from main memory to storage memory Note • The following procedure saves the selected data into a single file. Y ou assign a name to the file, which is stored in storage memory .
20061001 Copying a *.g1m file to main memory restores the file to its original (non-g1m) type. Copying a *.g1m file to an SD card copies it as a *.g1m file. k Error Chec ks During Data Cop y The following error checks are performed while a data copy operation is being executed.
20050401 Overwrite check is performed for the following types of data only . All other types of data are copied, without checking for data files with the same name. •P r ograms •M atrices • List files •G raph memories •D ynamic Graph memories •S preadsheet data Overwrite check is performed for data of the same type only .
20050401 k k k k k Deleting Files Use the procedures in this section to delete main memory , storage memory , and SD card data. u To delete a main memory file 1. On the initial MEMOR Y mode screen press 1 (MAIN). • This displays a list of files that are in the main memory .
20050401 k k k k k Searching for a File Use the following procedures to search for a specific file in the main memory or storage memory or on the SD card. u T o search for a file in the main memory * 1 Example T o search for all files in the main memory whose names begin with the letter “R” 1.
20050401 u To search for a file in the storage memory Example T o search for all files in the storage memory whose names begin with the letter “S” 1. On the initial MEMOR Y mode screen press 2 (SMEM). • This displays a list of files that are in the storage memory .
20050401 k Backing Up Main Memory Data Y ou can back up all the data in the main memory and store it in the storage memory or on the SD card. Later you can restore the backed up data to the main memory when necessary . u To back up main memory data 1.
20050401 The message “Complete!” appears when the backup operation is finished. Press J to return to the screen displayed in step 1. The following message appears if there is already backup data in the storage memory . Press 1 (Y es) to back up the data, or 6 (No) to cancel the backup operation.
20050401 12-7-16 MEMORY Mode 5. Press w .* 1 •A message appears to confirm whether or not you really want to restore the backed up data. Press 1 (Y es) to restore the data and delete any data currently in the area. Press 6 (No) to cancel the data backup operation.
20050401 12-7-17 MEMORY Mode k Optimizing the Storage Memory or SD Card Memory Storage memory or SD card memory can become fragmented after many store and load operations. Fragmentation can cause blocks of memory to become unavailable for data storage.
20050401 Using SD Cards (fx-9860G SD only) Y ou can use SD cards to store calculator data. Y ou can copy main memory and storage memory data to and from an SD card. 13-1 Using an SD Card 13-2 Formatting an SD Card 13-3 SD Card Precautions during Use Chapter 13 TM Important! •A lways use an SD memory card.
20050401 13-1 Using an SD Card Important! •A lways turn off the calculator before inserting or removing an SD card. •N ote that a card needs to be oriented correctly (proper side must be facing upwards, the proper end must be inserted) when inserting it into the calculator .
20050401 13-1-2 Using an SD Card u To remove the SD card 1. Press in on the SD card and then release it. •T his will cause the card to pop part way out of the slot. 2. Grasp the SD card with your fingers and pull it out of the slot. Important! •N ever remove the SD card while data is being transferred to it.
20050401 13-2 Formatting an SD Card •U se the procedure under “1 1-4 Reset” to format an SD card. 13-2-1 Formatting an SD Card.
20050401 13-3 SD Card Precautions during Use • SD card problems can normally be corrected by reformatting the card. However , it is always a good idea to take along more than one SD card to avoid data storage problems. •C ard formatting (initialization) is recommended before using a new SD card for the first time.
20050401 Appendix 1E rror Message T able 2 Input Ranges 3 Specifications 4K ey Index 5P Button (In case of hang up) 6 Power Supply α.
20050401 Meaning • Illegal syntax •A ttempt to input an illegal command •C alculation result exceeds the display range. •C alculation is outside the input range of a function. •M athematical error (division by zero, etc.) •S ufficient precision could not be obtained for Σ calculation, differential calculation, etc.
20050401 Meaning Message Countermeasure α -1-2 Error Message T able Memory ERROR Argument ERROR Dimension ERROR Range ERROR Condition ERROR Non-Real ERROR Complex Number In List Can’t Solve! Adjust initial value or bounds. Then try again •O peration or memory storage operation exceeds remaining memory capacity .
20050401 α -1-3 Error Message T able Meaning Message Countermeasure No V ariable Com ERROR Tr ansmit ERROR Receive ERROR Memory Full T ime Out Circular ERROR Please Reconnect T oo Many Data Fragmentation ERROR Invalid Name •N o variable specified within a graph function being used for Dynamic Graph.
20050401 α -1-4 Error Message T able Meaning Message Countermeasure Invalid T ype Storage Memory Full No Card* SD Card Full* Invalid file name or folder name.* Invalid Card* Card is protected* Data ERROR Card ERROR* Data is protected* •A n illegal data type is specified.
20061001 α -2-1 Input Ranges 2 Input Rang es Function Input range for real number solutions Internal digits Precision Notes sin x cos x tan x (DEG) | x | < 9 × (10 9 )° (RAD) | x | < 5 × 10 7 π rad (GRA) | x | < 1 × 10 10 grad 15 digits As a rule, precision is ± 1 at the 10th digit.
20050401 α -2-2 Input Ranges Pol ( x , y ) Rec ( r , θ ) ° ’ ” ← ° ’ ” ^( x y ) x y a b /c 15 digits " " " " " As a rule, precision is ± 1 at the 10th digit.
20050401 α -2-3 Input Ranges Function Binary , octal, decimal, hexadecimal calculation Input range V alues fall within following ranges after conversion: DEC: –2147483648 < x < 2147483647 BIN.
20061001 α -3-1 Specifications 3 Specifications V ariables: 28 Calculation range: ± 1 × 10 –99 to ± 9.999999999 × 10 99 and 0. Internal operations use 15-digit mantissa. Exponential display range: Norm 1: 10 –2 > | x |, | x | > 10 10 Norm 2: 10 –9 > | x |, | x | > 10 10 Program capacity: 63000 bytes (max.
20050401 α -3-2 Specifications W eight: fx-9860G SD Approx. 265 g (including batteries) fx-9860G Approx. 260 g (including batteries) Data Communications 3-pin serial port Method: Start-stop (asynchro.
20050401 α -4-1 Key Index 4 Key Index G ↔ T 6 Key Primary Function Combined with ! Combined with Key Primary Function Combined with Combined with a ! a Trace 1 Zoom 2 V-Window Sketch 3 Selects 3rd function menu item. Displays V-Window parameter input screen.
20050401 α -4-2 Key Index ( H F Key Primary Function Combined with ! Combined with a e Moves cursor to right. Scrolls screen. Press after w to display calculation from beginning. A v Allows input of variable X, θ , and T. Enters letter A. 10 x B l Press before entering value to calculate common logalithm.
20050401 α -4-3 Key Index Key Primary Function Combined with ! Combined with a INS D Insert mode: Backspace function. Overwrite mode: Deletes the character at the cursor position. OFF o Turns power on. Clears the display. Turns power off. Linear input mode: Toggles between the insert mode and overwrite mode.
20050401 α -5-1 P Button (In case of hang up) 5P Button (In case of hang up) Pressing the P button resets the calculator to its initial defaults. W arning! Never perform this operation unless you want to totally clear the memory of the calculator .
20050401 α -6-1 Power Supply 6 Power Supply This calculator is powered by four AAA-size (LR03 (AM4)) batteries. In addition, it uses a single CR2032 lithium battery as a back up power supply for the memory . If the following message appears on the display , immediately turn off the calculator and replace main batteries as instructed.
20050401 k Replacing Batteries Precautions: Incorrectly using batteries can cause them to burst or leak, possibly damaging the interior of the calculator . Note the following precautions: •B e sure that the positive (+) and negative (–) poles of each battery are facing in the proper directions.
20050401 1. Press !o (OFF) to turn off the calculator . W arning! •B e sure to turn the calculator off before replacing batteries. Replacing batteries with power on will cause data in memory to be deleted. 2. Making sure that you do not accidently press the o key , slide the case onto the calculator and then turn it over .
20050401 u To replace the memory back up battery •B efore replacing the memory back up battery , check to make sure the main batteries are not dead. •N ever remove the main power supply and the memory back up batteries from the calculator at the same time.
20050401 6. Wipe off the surfaces of a new battery with a soft, dry cloth. Load it into the calculator so that its positive (+) side is facing up. 7. Install the back up battery compartment cover onto the calculator and secure it in place with the screw .
CASIO Europe GmbH Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt, Germany Important! Please keep your manual and all information handy for future reference..
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan One or more of the following patents may be used in the product. U.S.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Casio fx-9860G SD è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Casio fx-9860G SD - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Casio fx-9860G SD imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Casio fx-9860G SD ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Casio fx-9860G SD, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Casio fx-9860G SD.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Casio fx-9860G SD. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Casio fx-9860G SD insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
