Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto KAL 3840 del fabbricante Actron
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KAL 3840 A utomotive Scope / GMM User’ s Man ual.
Menu Overview MAIN MENU CHANGE VEHICLE COMPONENT TESTS SCOPE GRAPHING MULTIMETER VEHICLE DATA INSTRUMENT SETUP VEHICLE DATA MENU CYLINDERS : 4 CYCLES : 4 BATTERY : 12 V IGNITION : CONV IGNITION MENU C.
Ve hi cl e m an u fa c tu r e r s ha ve h e l pe d you l oca te a dr i v e ab i l i ty pr ob l e m by de si gn i n g El ectr on i c C o n tr o l U n i t s w i th trouble-code generating capabilities. But, the ECUs aren’t perfect because they don’t cover everything (most glitches a n d i n te r m i tte n ts) .
WARNING READ “SAFETY INFORMATION” BEFORE USING THIS MANUAL. T h i s i n s tr u m e n t i s d e si gn e d t o be u se d o n l y qu a l i f i e d p er son n e l w h o a r e ( p r op e r l y tr ai n e d ) s ki l l e d pr o f ess i o n a l automotive technicians.
• Disconnect the live test lead before disconnecting the common test lead. • Do not perform internal service or adjustment of this instrument unless you are qualified to do so. Avoid Burns: • Do not touch hot exhaust systems, manifolds, engines, radiators, sample probe, etc.
3.1 PRIMARY SIGNAL TYPES FOUND IN MODERN VEHICLES Once you become familiar with basic vehicle waveforms it will not matter how new or old the vehicle is, or even who manufactured the vehicle. You will be able to recognize signals that do not look right.
To minimize this possible interference with the oscilloscope, keep these tips and suggestions in mind: Most interference will be picked up by the oscilloscope test leads. • Route the test leads away from all ignition wires and components whenever possible.
4.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION This instrument is a battery-operated 2-channel lab scope, advanced true rms graphing multimeter (GMM) designed e xpr ess l y fo r u se i n th e au t o m o ti v e s e r v i c e m a r k e t.
• GRAPHING MULTIMETER • VEHICLE DATA • INSTRUMENT SETUP The fastest way to set up the instrument to test most automotive devices (sensors, actuators...) and circuits is to choose from one of the built in COMPONENT TESTS . Each test places the instrument in a configuration best suited to display signals for the chosen device or circuit.
• Press the SAVE key to save the present screen in the next memory location. • Press the RECALL key to recall the screen last saved in memory. • Press the CLEAR key to clear all the memory locations. • Press the BACK key to resume measuring or to return to the previous display.
4.4 MEASUREMENT CONNECTIONS INPUT A (Red) INPUT A is used for all single channel measurements, sometimes combined with use of the other inputs, Various test leads and adapters are required depending on the type of measurement selected. INPUT B (Yellow) INPUT B is used in conjunction with INPUT A.
3. Measurement faults or short circuit with the DUAL INPUT SCOPE mode. This occurs when you perform floating measurements with grounding at different points.
4-11 CHANGE VEHICLE Makes you be able to obtain the pin numbers and wire colors for both PCM and the other component connector from HELP ( ) on the selected vehicle you want to test. COMPONENT TESTS Leads to a series of predefined setups to test most common sensors and circuits.
CONTINUTY OHM OPEN CLOSE IGNITION DI SECONDARY VEHICLE WFM CYLINDER BACK RUN DATA ERASE PARADE Function Key Labels Function keys Figure 8. Function Key Labels for SECONDARY IGNITION Figure 8.
4.7 SCOPE MODE SC O P E m o d e p r ovi de s a d i splay o f s i g n a l pa tte r n s fr om either CH A or CH B over times ranging from 1 µs to 50 seconds per division, and for voltage ranges from 50 mV to 300 V full scale.
5.1 INSTRUMENT TEST MODES From the MAIN MENU, you can choose 3 independent instrument test modes: • COMPONENT TESTS • SCOPE • GRAPHING MULTIMETER The fastest way to set up the instrument to test most devices and circuits is to choose from one of the built in C O M PO N E N T TEST S.
SCOPE displays are defaulted in “Glitch Detection” mode. This means that all signals are sampled at the full sample r a t e o f th e i n s t r um en t a nd th e m i ni m um a n d m a x i m um e x .
AUTO versus NORMAL acquisitions If you select AUTO, the instrument always performs acquisitions, i.e., it always displays the signals on the input. If NORMAL is selected, a trigger is always needed to start an acquisition. TRIGGER SLOPE If you select , trigger occurs at a rising(positive) edge of the signal.
For VOLTS CURSORS, Reading Test Results on the SCOPE (Component Tests only) Display M ea s u r e m e nt r e s u l ts c an b e di splayed as n u m e r i c v alue s ( r e f e r r ed to a s r e ad i n g s ) an d w a vefo r m . T h e t y p e s of readings depend on the test taking place.
Using Graphing Multimeter (GMM) Making Connections INPUT A is used for all GMM tests just except the RPM measurement. The probes and test leads to be used depend o n t he typ e o f tes t pe r fo r m e d . Wh e n y o u s e l e ct cer t ain G M M t e s ts, a c o n n e c t i o n h e l p s cr e en w i l l g u i d e y o u b y pressing HELP ( ).
Testing Frequency, Duty Cycle, or Pulse Width Testing Secondary Ignition Peak Volts, Burn Volts, and Burn Time 5-11 Press to test the signal frequency in Hz. P r e s s t o te s t th e dut y c y c l e o f th e signal. If you select , the duty cycle of the negative-going pulse is displayed.
Testing Current Use this menu option to test current with a current probe. (optional accessory) Don’t forget to set the Current Probe to zero before using it for measurements. Testing Temperature Use this menu option to test temperature with a temperature probe.
DISPLAY OPTIONS MENU USER LAST SETUP: Y o u ca n c h a n g e t h e Po w er - On d i s p l ay f r o m V EH I C L E D ATA M EN U ( d ef a u l t ) to th e l a st display having been displayed just before the instrument was turned off.
5-17 5.6 FREEZING, SAVING, AND RECALLING SCREENS Hold Mode The HOLD key enables you to freeze the current display. This makes it possible to examine occasional waveform anomalies and to stop the GMM mode at the end of a manual sweep test. The instrument provides eight memory locations to which you can save the current screen along with its setup.
5-19 What’s more, by enabling the Auto Save option, each new event to be detected is automatically saved to Memory 1 to Memory 4. By setting the Auto Save option, you can automatically fill up all four memories with the four most recent unusual events.
5-20 6.1 COMPONENT TESTS Preset Operation The instrument provides predefined setups for a variety of vehicle sensors and circuits. To choose a preset test, select COMPONENT TESTS from the MAIN MENU. From the resulting menu, select a test group: • SENSORS • ACTUATORS • ELECTRICAL • IGNITION Then select a specific test from those listed.
• Troubleshooting Tips If the amplitude is low, look for an excessive air gap between the trigger wheel and the pickup. If the amplitude wavers, look for a bent axle. If one of the oscillations looks distorted, look for a bent or damaged tooth on the trigger wheel.
• Symptoms [OBD II DTC’s : P0420 ~ P0424, P0430 ~ P0434] Emissions test failure, poor fuel economy. • Test Procedure 1. Connect one shielded test lead to the CH A and the other test lead to the CH B.
4. Press the HOLD key to freeze the waveform on the display for closer inspection. 5. To measure resistance, disconnect the sensor before changing to the GMM mode and then connect the Ground and CH A leads to the terminals on the sensor. • Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATION YEAR : 1986 MAKE : Oldsmobile MODEL : Toronado ENGINE : 3.
• Symptoms [OBD II DTC’s: P0110 ~ P0114] Poor fuel economy, hard start, high emissions, tip-in hesitation • Test Procedure 1. Backprobe the terminals on the IAT sensor with the CH A lead and its ground lead.
Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) • Theory of Operation A TPS is a variable resistor that tells the PCM the position of the throttle, that is, how far the throttle is open, whether it is opening or closing and how fast.
• Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATION YEAR : 1987 MAKE : Chrysler MODEL : Fifth Avenue ENGINE : 5.2 L FUELSYS : Feedback Carburetor PCM_PIN : 5 #1 Org wire + 9 #1 Blk wire STATUS : KOER (Key On Running) RPM : 1400 ENG_TMP : Operating Temperature VACUUM : 19 In.
Optical CranKshaft Position (CKP) Sensor • Theory of Operation These CKP sensors are classified as “CKP Sensors - High Resolution” in industry. T h e o p ti c a l C KP s e n sor s c a n s en s e.
• Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATION YEAR : 1989 MAKE : Acura MODEL : Legend ENGINE : 2.7 L FUELSYS : Multiport Fuel Injection PCM_PIN : C3 OrgBlu STATUS : KOER (Key On Running) RPM : Idle ENG_TMP : Operating Temperature VACUUM : 20 In.
Optical Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor • Theory of Operation These CMP sensors are classified as “CMP Sensors - High Resolution” in industry. The optical CMP sensors are high resolution (accurac.
• Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATION YEAR : 1988 MAKE : Nissan/Datsun MODEL : 300 zx non-turbo ENGINE : 3.0 L FUELSYS : Multiport Fuel Injection PCM_PIN : 12 Wht wire at the instrument cluster STATUS : KOBD (Key On Being Driven) RPM : 1500 ENG_TMP : Operating Temperature VACUUM : 20 In.
Analog Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor • Theory of Operation Almost all domestic and import MAP sensors are analog types in design except Ford’s MAP sensor. Analog MAP sensors generate a variable voltage output signal that is directly proportional to the intake manifold vacuum, which is used by the PCM to determine the engine load.
3. Make sure that the amplitude, frequency and shape are all present, repeatable, and consistent. Amplitude should be close to 5 V. Frequency should vary with vacuum.
• Troubleshooting Tips If overall voltage is low, be sure to check for cracked, broken, loose, or otherwise leaking intake air ducts. IMPORTANT: 0.25 V can make the difference between a good sensor and a bad one, or an engine that is blowing black smoke and one that is in perfect control of fuel mixture.
4. Make sure that the sensor generates the correct frequency for a given RPM or airflow rate. 5. Use the Glitch Snare mode to detect dropouts or unstable output frequency. • Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATIONS YEAR : 1990 MAKE : Buick MODEL : Le Sabre ENGINE : 3.
Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor • Theory of Operation A n E GR ( Ex h a u st Gas R e ci r c u l at i o n ) p r e ss u r e s e n sor i s a p r e ss u r e tr an sdu ce r th a t te l l s t he P C M th e r e l a t i ve pressures in the exhaust stream passages and, sometimes, intake manifold.
Saturated Switch Type (MFI/PFI/SFI) Injector • Theory of Operation The fuel injector itself determines the height of the release spike. The injector driver (switching transistor) determines most of the waveform features. Generally an injector driver is located in the PCM that turns the injector on and off.
• Test Procedure 1. Connect the CH A lead to the injector control signal from the PCM and its ground lead to the injector GND. 2. S t a r t th e en g i n e a nd h o l d t hr ot tle a t 2 50 0 R P M fo r 2- 3 m i n ut e s u nt i l th e en g ine i s fu l l y w a r m e d up a nd th e Feedback Fuel System enters closed loop.
• Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATIONS YEAR : 1990 MAKE : Jeep MODEL : Cherokee ENGINE : 4.0 L FUELSYS : Multiport Fuel Injection PCM_PIN : 4 Yel wire at #4 injector STATUS : KOER (Key On Running) RPM : Idle ENG_TMP : Operating Temperature VACUUM : 16.
• Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATIONS YEAR : 1986 MAKE : Nissan/Datsun MODEL : Stanza Wagon ENGINE : 2.0 L FUELSYS : Multiport Fuel Injection PCM_PIN : B WhtBlk wire STATUS : KOER (Key On Running) RPM : Idle ENG_TMP : Operating Temperature VACUUM : 21 In.
How much and when EGR flow occurs is very important to emissions and driveability. To precise control EGR flow, the PCM sends Pulse Width Modulated signals to a vacuum solenoid valve to control vacuum flow to the EGR valve. When applying vacuum, the EGR valve opens, allowing EGR flow.
IMPORTANT : Before diagnosing IAC motor, several things must be checked and verified; the throttle plate should be free of carbon buildup and should open and close freely, the minimum air rate (minimu.
• Symptoms Slow and improper shifting, engine stops running when vehicle comes to a stop • Test Procedure 1. Connect the CH A lead to the transmission shift solenoid control signal from the PCM and its ground lead to the chassis GND.
Diesel Glow Plug • Theory of Operation St a r ti n g c o l d die s e l en g i n e s ar e n o t e a sy b e cau se Bl ow b y pa st th e p i sto n r i n gs an d th er m a l l oss e s r e du c e th e a m o u n t o f c om p r e ss i o n p o s si b l e.
3. Exercise the sensor, device, or circuit while watching for the amplitude of the signal. The amplitude should stay in a predetermined voltage range for a given condition. 4. In most cases, the amplitude of the waveform should stay at the battery voltage when the circuit is on, and go to 0 V when the circuit is off.
• Test Procedure 1. Connect the CH A lead to the GND pin of the grounded device or the one side of the suspect junction and its ground lead to the chassis GND or the other side of the suspect junction. 2. Make sure power is switched on in the circuit so that the sensor, device, or circuit is operational and current is flowing through the circuit.
Alternator Field/ VR (Voltage Reference) • Theory of Operation A voltage regulator (in the PCM) controls alternator output by adjusting the amount of current flowing through the rotor field windings. To increase alternator output, the voltage regulator allows more current to flow through the rotor field windings.
• Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATIONS YEAR : 1986 MAKE : Oldsmobile MODEL : Toronado ENGINE : 3.8 L FUELSYS : Multiport Fuel Injection PCM_PIN : B+ post at alternator STATUS : KOER (Key On Running) RPM : Idle ENG_TMP : Operating Temperature VACUUM : 18 In.
3. Exercise the switch while paying attention to the amplitude of the signal. It should stay in a predetermined voltage range for a given condition. In most cases, the amplitude of the waveform should stay at B+ or battery voltage when the circuit is on, and go to 0 V when the switch is activated.
• Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATIONS YEAR : 1993 MAKE : Ford MODEL : F150 4WD Pickup ENGINE : 5.0 L FUELSYS : Multiport Fuel Injection PCM_PIN : CH A 56 GryOrg wire CH B 36 Pnk wire STATUS : KOER (Key On Running) RPM : 3000 ENG_TMP : Operating Temperature VACUUM : 21 In.
Look for the burn line to be fairly clean without a lot of hash (“noise”). A lot of hash can indicate an ignition misfire in the cylinder due to over-advanced ignition timing, bad injector, fouled spark plug, or other causes.
1. Connect the capacitive type ignition secondary probe to the CH A input terminal. 2. Connect the Inductive Pickup to the COM/TRIGGER input terminals and connect the COM input of the test tool to veh.
• Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATIONS YEAR : 1994 MAKE : Ford MODEL : Explorer ENGINE : 4.0 L FUELSYS : Multiport Fuel Injection PCM_PIN : 10 Coil A YelBlk at ignition STATUS : KOER (Key On Running) RPM : Idle ENG_TMP : Operating Temperature VACUUM : 19.
1. Connect the capacitive type ignition secondary probe to the CH A input terminal. 2. C o nn e ct th e C O M i np u t o f th e te s t t o ol to v e h i cl e gr o u nd b y u si ng a G r ou n d L ea d ( b l ack ) i n o r de r t o avo i d electrical shock before clamping the secondary probe on the coil secondary lead wire.
Some tips to keep in mind : • Always position the piezo pickup on the fuel line at about the same distance from the injector. • Place the pickup on a straight part of the fuel line. Don’t place it on a bent part of the line. • Always compare results with a reference waveform from a good diesel engine to get acquainted with the signal shape.
Diesel Advance D i ese l p u m p te ste r s a r e u s e d to c ali br a te p u m p s exa c t l y to t h e e ng i ne ’ s r eq u i r em e nt s. T he te st er s mo n i t or the signals from the reference on the engine’s flywheel. The start of the delivery is monitored and timing adjustments can be made at different speeds.
General Specifications Operation temperature : 32 ˚F to 104 ˚F (0 ˚C to 40 ˚C) Storage temperature : -4 ˚F to 140 ˚F (-20 ˚C to 60 ˚C) Relative Humidity : 0 % to 80 % at 32 ˚F to 95 ˚F (0 ˚C to 35 ˚C), 0 % to 70 % at 32 ˚F to 131 ˚F (0 ˚C to 55 ˚C) Temperature Coefficient : Nominal 0.
Trigger Trigger Source : CH A, CH B, TRIGGER (External trigger) Sensitivity (CH A) : < 1.0 div to 5 MHz Sensitivity (Trigger) : 0.2 V p-p Modes : Single shot, Normal, Auto Coupling : AC, DC Slope :.
Continuity Test Diode Test Temperature Measurement DC Ampere Measurement (Current Probe Output) AC Ampere Measurement (Current Probe Output) 8-5 (AC+DC) Voltage Measurement RPM Measurement Frequency M.
ABS Antilock Brake System AC Alternating Current AC Coupling A mode of signal transmission that passes the dynamic (AC) signal component to the input (INPUT A or INPUT B), but blocks the DC component. Useful to observe an AC signal that is normally riding on a DC signal, e.
Function Key Labels Labels shown on the bottom display that indicate the function of the function keys to . Function Key Menu The function key labels listed on the bottom display. Glitch A momentary spike in a waveform. This can be caused by a momentary disruption in the circuit under test.
Scan Tool A device that interfaces with and communicates information on a data link. Sample A r e ad i ng ta k e n fr om an electr i c a l si gn a l . A w ave f o r m i s cr e a t e d f r om a succ e ss i v e number of samples. Sampling Rate The number of readings taken from an electrical signal every second.
Menu Overview Voltage Drop Voltage lose across a wire, connector, or any other conductor. Voltage drop equals resistance in ohms times current in amperes (ohm’s Law). Wastegate A val ve u s ed to l i m it c h a r g e a i r p r e s s u r e b y al l o w i ng e xh a u st g a se s to b ypa ss th e turbocharger.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Actron KAL 3840 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Actron KAL 3840 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Actron KAL 3840 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Actron KAL 3840 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Actron KAL 3840, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Actron KAL 3840.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Actron KAL 3840. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Actron KAL 3840 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
