Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto LR1530A-R3 del fabbricante Black Box
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Series 500 Frame Relay/Leased Line Bridge/Router User and System Administration Guide LR1530A-R3, LR1530A-EU-R3, LR1531A-R2, LR1535A-R2 5500099-10 equivalent to 5500086-12 © copyright 2002 by Black Box Corporation.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
INSTRUCCIONES DE SEGURIDAD (Normas Oficiales Mexicanas Electrical Safety Statement) 1. Todas las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser leídas antes de que el aparato eléctrico sea operado. 2. Las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser guardadas para referencia futura.
Using This Manual This Installation and Applications Guide provides the basic information required to initially set up and configure the router. This guide is organized into the following sections: “ Installation ” provides instructions for installing the router.
Using the Electronic Reference Manual The router Reference Manuals are provided as Adobe Acrobat PDF files on the accompanying CD-ROM. The PPP Menus Reference File is provided individually for ease of configuration reference. The Adobe Acrobat Reader program is included on the CD-ROM.
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Contents 1 - INSTALLATION 5 Unpack the router 5 Select a Site 5 Identify the Connectors 6 Connect to the Console 7 Make the LAN Connections 7 Make the WAN Link Connection 7 Power Up the router 9 Login.
3 - INTRODUCTION TO FILTERING 57 MAC Address Filtering 57 Pattern Filtering 58 Popular Filters 61 Bridge 61 IP & Related Traffic 61 Novell IPX Frames 61 NetBIOS &NetBEUI (Microsoft Windows) 61.
Contents V.11 / X.21 DB25 to DB15 Connector Cable 86 V.35 Null-Modem Cable Configuration 87 The link speed must be defined for each of the two units. 87 RS232 / V.
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5 1 - I NS TALLATION The router is an Ethernet Bridge/Router that provides bridging, IP/IPX routing, and compression over a frame relay permanent virtual circuit or a PPP leased line circuit.
Installation 6 Identify the Connectors Each unit is configured with both straight (MDI) and crossed over (MDI-X) 10BaseT LAN connectors; the router will auto-sense between the two. Only one connector may be used at a time. The router is produced with four different WAN interface modules: V.
Installation 7 Connect to the Console Connection to the router operator’s console is made through the RJ-45 connector labeled CONSOLE on the back of the router. A RJ-45 cable and RJ-45 to DB9 (female) converter are provided for connection to a DB9 (male) connector.
Installation 8 must be configured to the type of connection service that will be used; please see the following section for this procedure. The V.35 module and Universal WAN module in V.35 mode require interface converters that convert from a DB25 connector to a male 34 pin (V.
Installation 9 Power Up the router Once the LAN and Link connections are made and the console is connected to a terminal, you are ready to power-up the router. Connect the DC power cord from the supplied power supply to the back of the router and plug the power supply into the AC wall outlet.
Installation 10 Mandatory Configuration The router requires a minimum amount of mandatory configuration in order to operate. The following table identifies the configuration parameters that must be defined for proper operation under the operational states shown in the table.
Installation 11 Setting the Link Interface Type (Universal WAN only) The Universal WAN Interface must be configured to match the service to which it will be connected. WARNING: ensure that the connector cable used with the Universal interface module has the correct pinouts for the operational mode selected for the interface (V.
Installation 12 Setting the T1/E1Parameters (T1/E1 WAN only) The parameters requred for a T1 or E1 connection may be obtained from your service provider.
Installation 13 haul LBOs are listed as the length of the cable run (in feet) between the router and the local exchange. E1 service does not require line build out selection. Set Link Interface Type: Location: Main Ä Configuration Ä WAN Set Up Ä Link Set Up Ä T1/E1 Set Up Ä LBO as specifed T1 long-haul LBOs: L0db, L7.
Installation 14 Some E1 service providers reserve timeslot 16 for network management use. If your service specifies that timeslot 16 is for their use, toggle this option to reserved Set Link Interface.
Installation 15 Identify the Status LEDs The meanings of the four 3-colour Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on the front of the router are found in the following chart: Green Router is running and has pas.
Installation 16 Figure 1-4 Front View of the router Tx Rx Power.
17 2 - T YPICAL A PPLIC ATIONS & H OW TO C ONFIGURE T HEM The router is an Ethernet Bridge/Router that supports frame relay RAW 1490 permanent virtual circuits, frame relay encapsulated PPP permanent virtual circuits and PPP leased lines. This section will describe how to set up the router using each of its networking functions.
Applications 18 Managing the router Using Menus This section describes the minimum configuration parameters required when setting up the router. Each of the configuration scenarios requires setting of operational parameters on the router. The built-in menu system of the router is used to configure the unit.
Applications 19 Conventions Throughout this section , router menu options are shown that are required for the various configuration choices. The appropriate menu options are shown in each instance in .
Applications 20 Basic Frame Relay Configuration North American routers are configured to have frame relay enabled as the default setting. With frame relay enabled, the router will communicate over WAN connections to other frame relay units via frame relay Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC).
Applications 21 Configuration: The default configuration for routers shipped outside North American is to have frame relay disabled. To run frame relay on these routers, it must first be enabled 7 Fra.
Applications 22 Auto Learning the Frame Relay Configuration The router is pre-configured to query the frame relay service to auto- learn the LMI type and the PVC DLCI numbers.
Applications 23 Manual Configuration - LMI Type The LMI Type option allows you to manually specify the type of Link Management Interface in use by the Frame Relay service provider for the Frame Relay service. When the LMI type is set to none, the router simply creates frame relay packets and sends them on the defined PVC’s.
Applications 24 “Quick Start” Frame Relay Since the router auto-learns the frame relay configuration, only a couple of parameters need to be configured before the unit is fully operational as an IP router for frame relay.
Applications 25 By default, PPP is disabled for each of the newly created remote site profiles. If PPP encapsulation is desired, for example to use security, the PPP encapsulation option should be set to “enabled”. By default, when PPP encapsulation is enabled multilink is also enabled.
Applications 26 Basic Leased Line Configuration routers shipped outside North America are configured to have a default setting as a leased line router. The router will operate as a PPP leased line bridge/router if the frame relay function is disabled.
Applications 27 Figure 2 - 2 Basic PPP Leased Line Configuration The following steps must be performed on the router unit. 7 Link Speed Location: Main Ä Configuration Ä WAN Set up Ä Link Set up Ä Link Speed The clock speed that the router will expect to receive from the DCE link device must be defined.
Applications 28 Bridge Connection. Once the link speeds have been configured, the router will attempt to establish the link connection to the remote site PPP router. The Bridge connection does not require any configuration for operation. IP Router Connection.
Applications 29 Should You Bridge or Route? When connecting two Local Area Networks together, the first question to ask is should I bridge or route? The decision to bridge or to route may be decided by how the existing networks have been already set up.
Applications 30 Configure as an Ethernet Bridge An Ethernet bridge intelligently forwards LAN traffic to remotely connected LANs across the Wide Area Network (WAN). Figure 2 - 3 Bridged Local Area Networks Ethernet bridges simply forward information based on Ethernet MAC addresses.
Applications 31 The router also is pre-configured as an IPX router. This means that if you wish to bridge IPX traffic instead of routing it, you must disable the IPX routing function of the router. Once IPX routing has been disabled, all IPX traffic will be bridged between partner bridges on the WAN.
Applications 32 The size of the subnet mask. defines the subnet mask by using the specified number to reserve a series of contiguous bit locations from the start of the entire IP address. These reserved bit locations are then used as the network portion of the IP address.
Applications 33 Configure as an Ethernet IP router An Ethernet IP router is used to intelligently route Internet Protocol (IP) LAN traffic to remotely connected LANs across the WAN. Figure 2 - 4 IP Routed Local Area Networks IP routers forward IP frames based upon their IP destination address and an internal routing table.
Applications 34 7 IP Address Location: Main Ä Configuration Ä LAN Set-up Ä LAN IP Set-up Ä IP Address / Subnet mask size The IP address consists of four 8-bit numbers and is represented by 4 fields separated by periods (“ . ”), where each field is specified by a decimal number (e.
Applications 35 Define an IP Default Gateway An IP default gateway is an IP router that is resident on the local IP network that this router is connected to and is used to route IP frames for destination networks that do not exist in the routing tables.
Applications 36 Define an IP Static Route Static IP routes may be defined when one specific router is to be used to reach a destination IP network. The static route will have precedence over all learned RIP routes even if the cost of the RIP learned routes is lower.
Applications 37 Define an IP Subnet Mask An IP network may be divided into smaller portions by a process called sub-netting. A subnet is specified using high end bits of the host field of the IP address for network addressing. This is done with a subnet mask.
Applications 38 Configuration: The mask size entered defines the size of the subnet mask from the start of the entire IP address. This allows subnet sizes from 0 to 24 bits. A subnet mask size of 8 in a class A address represents a subnet size of 0 or no subnetting performed.
Applications 39 less than or equal to 255, that is the maximum value of each 8-bit field. The IP address is first specified and then you will be prompted to enter the mask size. The mask size defines the subnet mask by using the specified number to reserve a series of contiguous bit locations from the start of the entire IP address.
Applications 40 Configure as an Ethernet IPX router The router is preconfigured to operate as an IPX router when installed in an IPX network. The router will learn the IPX network numbers from the local LAN and when the WAN connections are established, the router will route the IPX frames to the appropriate destination IPX network.
Applications 41 examined and looked up in the routing tables. Once the destination IPX address is found in the routing tables, the IPX router sends the IPX frame to the remote partner router that is connected to the appropriate remote IPX network.
Applications 42 Novell Servers in One Location Only Some Novell LAN installations require that a remote LAN that consists of only Novell IPX clients be connected to a central LAN that contains the Novell servers and some more clients.
Applications 43 7 IPX Frame Types Location: Main Ä Configuration Ä IPX Routing Set up Ä Configure LAN Nets Ä Ethernet-II Frames Ä RAW 802.3 Frames Ä IEEE 802.2 Frames Ä 802.2 SNAP Frames Define the appropriate IPX network number for the appropriate frame type.
Applications 44 PPP Link Configuration Overview A PPP (Point to Point Protocol) connection between two routers may use a number of Network Control Protocols (NCP) for communication. An IP router connection will use the Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) NCP for all IP communications.
Applications 45 remote site profile settings. The WAN IPX network number is defined with the IPX Net option in the remote site profile settings. Unnumbered Links An unnumbered link does not use network addressing on the WAN link.
Applications 46 Configure Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol The router uses Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to allow users in a small office environment to simply enable DHCP clients on their workstations and power them up to get their proper initialization.
Applications 47 devices attached to the DHCP Server to be set. The number of addresses to be assigned must also be specified to a maximum of 253. With the DHCP Services and IP Address Pool defined, devices may be attached to the network (up to the maximum specified) and they will be automatically configured.
Applications 48 Configure Network Address Translation (NAT) Support is provided for Network Address Translation (NAT). Network Address Translation is a technique which translates private IP addresses on a private network to valid global IP addresses for access to the Internet.
Applications 49 The Translation Type option allows you to use Network Address Port Translation. 7 Translation type Location: Main Ä Configuration Ä WAN Set up Ä Remote Site Set up Ä Edit Remote Si.
Applications 50 Configure PPP Security The router provides support for both PAP and CHAP PPP security authentication. An outgoing user name, PAP password , and CHAP secret are defined that the router will use when responding to an authentication request from a remote site PPP router.
Applications 51 7 Security Database Entry Location: Main Ä Configuration Ä WAN Set up Ä Edit Remote Site Ä Security Parameters Ä Incoming PAP Password Ä Incoming CHAP Secret Ä Outgoing User Nam.
Applications 52 Configure Firewall The router provides Firewall security for restricting access between any two networks connected through the router. Firewalls are set up on a per connection basis for the LAN and remote sites.
Applications 53 also wishes to allow all of the TCP traffic from the branch office network to have access to the head office. Anyone in the corporation may have unrestricted access to the Internet. The following steps must be performed on the router to set up the firewall support as desired.
Applications 54 designated servers list allows you to quickly setup a firewall entry without having to figure out TCP port values. Next, the LAN firewall is set up to restrict access to the LAN. The firewall option is set to “outbound” to have the LAN firewall filter traffic from the router.
Applications 55 Firewall Location: Main Ä Configuration Ä Applications Set up Ä Firewall Set up Ä LAN Firewall Set up Ä Designated Servers Ä FTP Server — 195.100.1.12 Ä WWW (HTTP) Server — 195.100.1.20 The configuration options described here are only for initial set up and configuration purposes.
Applications 56 * * * *.
57 3 - I NTRODUCTION TO F ILTERING The router provides programmable filtering which gives you the ability to control under what conditions Ethernet frames are forwarded to remote networks.
Introduction to Filtering 58 You may easily prevent stations on one segment from accessing all but a specific resource on the other segment; for this, “negative” filtering and the use of “Forward if Destination” would be appropriate.
Introduction to Filtering 59 The following operators are used in creating Pattern filters. - offset Used in pattern filters to determine the starting position to start the pattern checking. Example: 12-80 This filter pattern will match if the packet information starting at the 12 th octet equals the 80 of the filter pattern.
Introduction to Filtering 60 ( ) brackets Used in pattern filters to separate portions of filter patterns for specific operators. Example: 12-80&(14-24|14-32) This filter pattern will be checked in two operations.
Introduction to Filtering 61 Popular Filters S ome of the more commonly used pattern filters are shown here. Bridge Bridge pattern filters are applied to Ethernet frames that are bridged only. When the router is operating as a router, all routed frames will be unaffected by the bridge pattern filters.
Introduction to Filtering 62 Banyan Banyan (12-0BAD) (12-80C4) (12-80C5) IP Router IP router pattern filters are applied to IP Ethernet frames that are being routed. When the router is operating as an IP router, all IP routed frames will be checked against the defined IP router pattern filters.
63 A PPENDIX A M ENU T REES The menu trees on the next few facing pages are a graphical representation of the hierarchy of the built-in menu system of the router. The menus are shown with the options of the menus being displayed below the specific menu name.
64 1 Configuration 1. T erminal 2. Show 3. Add 4. Remove 1. T erminal Set-Up menu 2. Device Set-Up menu 3. T elnet Set-Up menu 4. Load FLASH Set-Up menu 5. Console 6. Hardware Status 7. TFTP access Access Set-Up 1] 1] 1] 2] 2] 3] 4] 5] 1. Password 2. Device Name 3.
65 Continued from previous page 1. Destination 2. Status 3. Remote site 2. Next hop 3. Type 4. Cost 5. Private 6. Add/Remove 8. Status 7. Network mask 1. IP Routes menu 1. Edit Static Route 2. Default Gateway 3. Show all Routes 4. Show Static Routes 5.
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67 A PPENDIX B O CTET L OC ATIONS ON E THERNET F RAMES This appendix provides octet locations for the various portions of three of the common Ethernet frames. When creating pattern filters these diagrams will assist in the correct definition of the patterns.
Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames 68 Octet Locations on a Bridged TCP/IP Frame Octet Locations on a Bridged Novell Netware Frame.
Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames 69 ETHERNET Type Codes Type Code Description 0800 DOD IP 0801 X.75 Internet 0804 Chaosnet 0805 X.25 Level 3 0806 ARP 0807 XNS Compatibility 6001 DEC MOP Dump/Load 60.
Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames 70 Octet Locations on an IP Routed TCP/IP Frame Octet Locations on an IPX Routed Novell Netware Frame.
Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames 71 Octet Locations on a Bridged XNS Frame.
Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames 72 * * * *.
73 A PPENDIX C S ERVICING I NFORM ATION Opening of the case is only to be performed by qualified service personnel. WARNING ! Before servicing ensure that appliance coupler is disconnected. Always disconnect the power cord from the rear panel of the bridge/router.
Servicing Information 74 Identifying the Internal Components The major components and the jumper strap positions are shown: Figure C- 1 Top Internal View of the router V.
Servicing Information 75 Figure C-2 Top Internal View of the CSU-DSU or T1/E1 Power CSU/DSU T1/E1 S an i t y T i m e r - A l w a y s O N R e t u r n P a ss w o r d t o D e f au l t F o r c e Z M O D E.
Servicing Information 76 Sanity Timer Do not remove this strap – pins 1-2. Force ZMODEM Software Load On the rare occasion that during the programming of the FLASH something happens to the bridge/router (power hit or hardware reset), causing the FLASH to become corrupted, the bridge/router will restart in ZMODEM receive mode only.
Servicing Information 77 Connecting to the Console Connector The console connector on the router is a DCE interface on a RJ45 pinout. The supplied DB9 to RJ45 converter should be used to connect to the DB9 connector of a DTE terminal. This connection will then provide access to the built-in menu system.
Servicing Information 78 WAN Interface Connection Pinout Information The router is manufactured with three different WAN link modules: V.35, LXT411 CSU/DSU or Universal WAN. The type installed may be determined from the label above the WAN link output connector on the back of the router.
Servicing Information 79 The LXT411 CSU/DSU link connection is set to operate at 64 Kbps by default. The link may be set to 56 Kbps via the software menus if required.
Servicing Information 80 UNIVERSAL WAN Module: The Universal WAN Interface module in this router may be configured to operate in one of four modes: V.11/X.21, V.35, RS232/V.24, or RS530/RS422. The interface connector for all types is a standard DB25 pin female connector.
Servicing Information 81 V.35 Link Pinouts DB25 Contact No. M.34 Contact No. Circuit Name Direction To From DCE DCE 1 A Protective Ground NA 2 P Transmitted Data (A) X 3 R Received Data (A) X 4 C Requ.
Servicing Information 82 Circuits which are paired (contain an (A) and (B) reference) should be connected to twisted pairs within the connecting cable. NOTE For U.K. Approval: The connecting cable may be any length between 0 and 5M. One end must be terminated in a male 34 pin X.
Servicing Information 83 RS232C / V.24 Link Pinouts Con tact No. Circ uit Circuit Name Direction To From DCE DCE 1 AA Protective Ground NA 2 BA Transmitted Data X 3 BB Received Data X 4 CA Request to .
Servicing Information 84 RS530 / RS422 Link Pinouts Contact Number Circuit Circuit Name Direction To From DCE DCE 1 Shield Protective Ground NA 2 BA (A) Transmitted Data X 3 BB (A) Received Data X 4 C.
Servicing Information 85 V.11 / X.21 Link Pinouts Contact No. X.21 Circuits Ref. Circuit Name Direction To From DCE DCE 1 Protective Ground NA 2 T (A) Transmitted Data (A) X 3 C (A) Control (A) X 4 R .
Servicing Information 86 V.11 / X.21 DB25 to DB15 Connector Cable Figure C- 10 V.11 / X.21 DB25 to DB15 Connector Cable NOTE For U.K. Approval: The connecting cable may be any length between 0 and 5M.
Servicing Information 87 V.35 Null-Modem Cable Configuration Figure C - 11 V.35 Null-Modem Cable The connecting cable must be a shielded cable. Circuits which are paired (contain an (A) and (B) reference) should be connected to twisted pairs within the connecting cable.
Servicing Information 88 RS232 / V.24 Null-Modem Cable Figure C-12 RS232 / V.24 Null-Modem Cable The connecting cable must be a shielded cable. This cable is needed when it is necessary to connect two units back-to-back and a set of modems is not available.
Servicing Information 89 RS530 / RS422 Null-Modem Cable S h i e l d T r a n s m i tt e d D a t a ( A ) T r a n s m i tt e d D a t a ( B ) R ece i ve d D a t a ( A ) R ece i ve d D a t a ( B ) R e qu e.
Servicing Information 90 * * * *.
Software Upgrades 91 A PPENDIX D S OFT WARE U PGRADES Procedures for performing a Console ZMODEM Flash Load to upgrade the operating software of the router: 1) Save the current configuration of the router (Main menu: option 6). 2) Execute the Console (ZMODEM) command from the Load FLASH Set-Up menu.
92 the bridge/router does not start in ZMODEM receive mode, refer to Appendix D: Servicing Information for recovery procedure. The ZMODEM Load Flash operation may be aborted by aborting the ZMODEM transfer and then entering 5 control-X characters “^X” from the console keyboard.
Servicing Information 93 Procedures for performing a TFTP Flash Load to upgrade the operating software of the router: 1) Execute the Network (TFTP) command from the Load FLASH Set-Up menu. 2) Enter “none” to connect locally or enter the remote site ID number or alias to connect to a remote site.
94 the bridge/router does not start in ZMODEM receive mode, refer to Appendix D: Servicing Information. The TFTP Load Flash operation may be aborted by re- connecting to the console of the router and choosing the Abort Load option from the Load FLASH Set-Up menu.
95 5500099-10 Router A PC used for TFTP transfers Link 1 Link 2 Router B Router C.
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Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Black Box LR1530A-R3 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Black Box LR1530A-R3 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Black Box LR1530A-R3 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Black Box LR1530A-R3 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Black Box LR1530A-R3, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Black Box LR1530A-R3.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Black Box LR1530A-R3. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Black Box LR1530A-R3 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
