Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto P5GC-MX /1333 del fabbricante Asus
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Motherboard P5GC-MX /1333.
ii Copyright © 2007 ASUST eK COMPUTER INC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this manual, including the products and software described in it, may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a r.
iii Contents Notices ......................................................................................................... vi Safety information ..................................................................................... vii About this guide .
iv Contents 1.10 Connectors ................................................................................. 1-25 1.10.1 Rear panel connectors .................................................. 1-25 1.10.2 Internal connectors ........................
v Contents 2.5 Power menu ................................................................................ 2-27 2.5.1 Suspend Mode .............................................................. 2-27 2.5.2 ACPI 2.0 Support .............................
vi Notices Federal Communications Commission Statement This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: • This device may not cause harmful interference, and • This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation.
vii Safety information Electrical safety • T o prevent electrical shock hazard, disconnect the power cable from the electrical outlet before relocating the system. • When adding or removing devices to or from the system, ensure that the power cables for the devices are unplugged before the signal cables are connected.
viii About this guide This user guide contains the information you need when installing and conguring the motherboard. How this guide is organized This manual contains the following parts: • Chapter 1: Product introduction This chapter describes the features of the motherboard and the new technology it supports.
ix Conventions used in this guide T o make sure that you perform certain tasks properly , take note of the following symbols used throughout this manual. Typography DANGER/WARNING: Information to prevent injury to yourself when trying to complete a task.
x P5GC-MX/1333 specications summary (continued on the next page) CPU Chipset Front Side Bus Memory VGA Expansion slots Storage Audio LAN USB Rear panel BIOS features LGA775 socket for Intel ® Core.
xi *Specications are subject to change without notice. P5GC-MX/1333 specications summary Special features Manageability Internal connectors Power Requirement Form Factor Support CD contents ASUS EZ Flash ASUS CrashFree BIOS 2 ASUS MyLogo™ ASUS Q-Fan WfM 2.
xii.
1 Product introduction This chapter describes the motherboard features and the new technologies it supports..
1-2 Chapter 1: Product introduction 1.1 Welcome! Thank you for buying an ASUS ® P5GC-MX/1333 motherboard! The motherboard delivers a host of new features and latest technologies, making it another st.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-3 64-bit CPU support The motherboard supports 64-bit processors that provides high-performance computing and faster memory access required for memory and data intensive applications.
1-4 Chapter 1: Product introduction High Denition Audio Enjoy high-end sound quality on your PC! The onboard HD audio (High Denition Audio, previously codenamed Azalia) CODEC enables high-quality 192KHz/24-bit audio output, and multi-streaming technology that simultaneously sends different audio streams to different destinations.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-5 Onboard LED The motherboard comes with a standby power LED that lights up to indicate that the system is ON, in sleep mode, or in soft-off mode. This is a reminder that you should shut down the system and unplug the power cable before removing or plugging in any motherboard component.
1-6 Chapter 1: Product introduction P5GC-MX/1333 R 1.5 Motherboard overview Before you install the motherboard, study the conguration of your chassis to ensure that the motherboard ts into it. Make sure to unplug the power cord before installing or removing the motherboard.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-7 1.5.3 Motherboard layout P5GC-MX/1333 LGA775 Intel ICH7 R Intel MCH 945GC 18.8cm(7.4in) 24.4cm(9.6in) DDR2 DIMM_A1(64 bit,240-pin module) DDR2 DIMM_B1(64 bit,240-pin module) PCI1.
1-8 Chapter 1: Product introduction 1.6.1 Installling the CPU T o install a CPU: 1. Locate the CPU socket on the motherboard. 1.6 Central Processing Unit (CPU) The motherboard comes with a surface mount LGA775 socket designed for the Core™2 Duo/Pentium ® D/Pentium ® 4 and Celeron ® D processors.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-9 3. Lift the load lever in the direction of the arrow to a 135º angle. 4. Lift the load plate with your thumb and forenger to a 100º angle (A), then push the PnP cap from the load plate window to remove (B). T o prevent damage to the socket pins, do not remove the PnP cap unless you are installing a CPU.
1-10 Chapter 1: Product introduction The CPU ts in only one correct orientation. DO NOT force the CPU into the socket to prevent bending the connectors on the socket and damaging the CPU! 6. Close the load plate (A), then push the load lever (B) until it snaps into the retention tab.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-1 1 1.6.2 Installling the CPU heatsink and fan The Intel ® Core™2 Duo/Pentium ® D/Pentium ® 4 and Celeron ® D processors require a specially designed heatsink and fan assembly to ensure optimum thermal condition and performance.
1-12 Chapter 1: Product introduction • Do not forget to connect the CPU fan connector! Hardware monitoring errors can occur if you fail to plug this connector .
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-13 1.6.3 Uninstalling the CPU heatsink and fan T o uninstall the CPU heatsink and fan: 1. Disconnect the CPU fan cable from the connector on the motherboard. 2. Rotate each fastener counterclockwise. 3. Pull up two fasteners at a time in a diagonal sequence to disengage the heatsink and fan assembly from the motherboard.
1-14 Chapter 1: Product introduction 4. Remove the heatsink and fan assembly from the motherboard. 5. Rotate each fastener clockwise to reset the orientation. The narrow end of the groove should point outward after resetting. (The photo shows the groove shaded for emphasis.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-15 1.7 System memory 1.7.1 Overview The motherboard comes with two Double Data Rate 2 (DDR2) Dual Inline Memory Modules (DIMM) sockets. A DDR2 module has the same physical dimensions as a DDR DIMM but has a 240-pin footprint compared to the 184-pin DDR DIMM.
1-16 Chapter 1: Product introduction 1.7.3 DDR2 Qualied V endors List The following table lists the memory modules that have been tested and qualied for use with this motherboard. Visit the ASUS website (www .asus.com) for the latest DDR2 DIMM modules for this motherboard.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-17 DIMM support Size V endor Model Brand Side(s) Component A B DDR2 667 Qualied V endors List 256MB Kingston KVR533D2N4/256 Elpida SS E51 16AB-5C-E • • 256MB Kingston KVR667.
1-18 Chapter 1: Product introduction DIMM support Size V endor Model Brand Side(s) Component A B 512MB VDA T A M2GVD5G3H31A4I1C52 VDA T A SS VD29608A8A-3EC20615 • • 512MB VDA T A M2YVD5G3H31P4I1C5.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-19 Support the DIMM lightly with your ngers when pressing the retaining clips. The DIMM might get damaged when it ips out with extra force. 1.7.4 Installing a DIMM Unplug the power supply before adding or removing DIMMs or other system components.
1-20 Chapter 1: Product introduction 1.8 Expansion slots In the future, you may need to install expansion cards. The following sub-sections describe the slots and the expansion cards that they support. 1.8.1 Installing an expansion card T o install an expansion card: 1.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-21 1.8.3 Interrupt assignments Standard interrupt assignments IRQ Standard Function 0 System Timer 1 Keyboard Controller 2 Re-direct to IRQ#9 4 Communications Port (COM1)* 5 IRQ ho.
1-22 Chapter 1: Product introduction 1.8.4 PCI slots The PCI slots support cards such as a LAN card, SCSI card, USB card, and other cards that comply with PCI specications. The gure shows a LAN card installed on a PCI slot. 1.8.6 PCI Express x16 This motherboard supports one PCI Express x16 graphics card.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-23 1.9 Jumpers 1. Clear RTC RAM (CLRTC) This jumper allows you to clear the Real T ime Clock (RTC) RAM in CMOS. Y ou can clear the CMOS memory of date, time, and system setup parameters by erasing the CMOS RTC RAM data.
1-24 Chapter 1: Product introduction The total current consumed must NOT exceed the power supply capability (+5VSB) whether under normal condition or in sleep mode. 2. USB device wake-up (3-pin PS2_USBPWR) This jumper allows you to enable or disable the keyboard wake-up feature.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-25 SPEED LED ACT/LINK LED LAN port LAN port LED indications 1.10 Connectors 1.10.1 Rear panel connectors Refer to the audio conguration table on the next page for the function of the audio ports in 2, 4, or 6-channel conguration.
1-26 Chapter 1: Product introduction Audio 2, 4, or 6-channel conguration Light Blue Line In Rear Speaker Out Rear Speaker Out Lime Line Out Front Speaker Out Front Speaker Out Pink Mic In Mic In Bass/Center Port Headset 4-channel 6-channel 2-channel 7.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-27 2. IDE connectors (40-1 pin PRI_IDE) The onboard IDE connectors are for Ultra DMA 100/66/33 signal cables. There are three connectors on each Ultra DMA 100/66/33 signal cable: blue, black, and gray .
1-28 Chapter 1: Product introduction 3. Serial A T A connectors (7-pin SA T A1, SA T A2, SA T A3, SA T A4) These connectors are for the Serial A T A signal cables for Serial A T A hard disk drives. Wh en usi ng th e co nnec tor s in Standard IDE mode, connect the primary (boot) hard disk drive to the SA T A1/2 connector .
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-29 5. Digital Audio connector (4-1 pin SPDIF_OUT) This connector is for the S/PDIF audio module to allow digital sound output. Connect one end of the S/PDIF audio cable to this connector and the other end to the S/PDIF module. The S/PDIF out module is purchased separately .
1-30 Chapter 1: Product introduction 6. AT X p ow er co nne ct ors (24-pin EA TXPWR and 4-pin A TX12V) These connectors are for A TX power supply plugs. The power supply plugs are designed to t these connectors in only one orientation. Find the proper orientation and push down rmly until the connectors completely t.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-31 7. Optical drive audio connector (4-pin CD) This connector allows you to receive stereo audio input from sound sources such as a CD-ROM, TV tuner , or MPEG card. Enable the CD-IN function in the audio utility when using this connector .
1-32 Chapter 1: Product introduction 10. Chassis intrusion connector (4-1 pin CHASSIS) This connector is for a chassis-mounted intrusion detection sensor or switch.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 1-33 1 1. System panel connector (10-1 pin F_P ANEL) This connector supports several chassis-mounted functions. • System power LED (2-pin PWRLED) This 2-pin connector is for the system power LED. Connect the chassis power LED cable to this connector .
1-34 Chapter 1: Product introduction.
2 BIOS setup This chapter tells how to change the system settings through the BIOS Setup menus. Detailed descriptions of the BIOS parameters are also provided.
2-2 Chapter 2: BIOS setup 2.1 Managing and updating your BIOS The following utilities allow you to manage and update the motherboard Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) setup. 1. ASUS EZ Flash (Updates the BIOS in DOS using a oppy disk.) 2. ASUS AFUDOS (Updates the BIOS in DOS mode using a bootable oppy disk.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-3 Windows ® Vista environment a. Insert a formatted, high density 1.44 MB oppy disk to the oppy disk drive. b. Click from the Windows ® desktop, then select Computer . c. Right-click Floppy Disk Drive then click Format to display the Format 3 1/2 Floppy dialog box.
2-4 Chapter 2: BIOS setup 2.1.3 AFUDOS utility The AFUDOS utility allows you to update the BIOS le in DOS environment using a bootable oppy disk with the updated BIOS le. This utility also allows you to copy the current BIOS le that you can use as backup when the BIOS fails or gets corrupted during the updating process.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-5 Updating the BIOS le T o update the BIOS le using the AFUDOS utility: 1. Visit the ASUS website (www .asus.com) and download the latest BIOS le for the motherboard. Save the BIOS le to a bootable oppy disk. 2. Copy the AFUDOS utility (afudos.
2-6 Chapter 2: BIOS setup 2.1.4 ASUS CrashFree BIOS 2 utility The ASUS CrashFree BIOS 2 is an auto recovery tool that allows you to restore the BIOS le when it fails or gets corrupted during the updating process. Y ou can update a corrupted BIOS le using the motherboard support CD, or the oppy disk that contains the updated BIOS le.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-7 Recovering the BIOS from the support CD T o recover the BIOS from the support CD: 1. Remove any oppy disk from the oppy disk drive, then turn on the system.
2-8 Chapter 2: BIOS setup Installing ASUS Update T o install ASUS Update: 1. Place the support CD in the optical drive. The Drivers menu appears. 2. Click the Utilities tab, then click Install ASUS Update . 3. The ASUS Update utility is copied to your system.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-9 3. Select the ASUS FTP site nearest you to avoid network trafc, or click Auto Select . Click Next . Updating the BIOS through the Internet T o update the BIOS through the Internet: 1. Launch the ASUS Update utility from the Windows ® desktop by clicking Start > Programs > ASUS > ASUSUpdate > ASUSUpdate .
2-10 Chapter 2: BIOS setup Updating the BIOS through a BIOS le T o update the BIOS through a BIOS le: 1. Launch the ASUS Update utility from the Windows ® desktop by clicking Start > Programs > ASUS > ASUSUpdate > ASUSUpdate . The ASUS Update main window appears.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-1 1 2.2 BIOS setup program This motherboard supports a programmable rmware chip that you can update using the provided utility described in section “2.1 Managing and updating your BIOS.” Use the BIOS Setup program when you are installing a motherboard, reconguring your system, or prompted to “Run Setup”.
2-12 Chapter 2: BIOS setup Use [ENTER], [TAB] or [SHIFT-TAB] to select a eld. Use [+] or [-] to congure system time. 2.2.2 Menu bar The menu bar on top of the screen has the following main items.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-13 2.2.4 Menu items The highlighted item on the menu bar displays the specic items for that menu. For example, selecting Main shows the Main menu items. The other items (Advanced, Power , Boot, and Exit) on the menu bar have their respective menu items.
2-14 Chapter 2: BIOS setup 2.3 Main menu When you enter the BIOS Setup program, the Main menu screen appears, giving you an overview of the basic system information. 2.3.1 System Time [xx:xx:xx] Allows you to set the system time. 2.3.2 System Date [Day xx/xx/xxxx] Allows you to set the system date.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-15 2.3.4 Primary , Third and Fourth IDE Master/Slave While entering Setup, the BIOS automatically detects the presence of IDE devices. There is a separate sub-menu for each IDE device. Select a device item then press <Enter> to display the IDE device information.
2-16 Chapter 2: BIOS setup PIO Mode [Auto] Selects the PIO mode. Conguration options: [Auto] [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] DMA Mode [Auto] Selects the DMA mode. Conguration options: [Auto] SMART Monitoring [Auto] Sets the Smart Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting T echnology .
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-17 Enhanced Mode Support On [S-A T A] The default setting S-A T A allows you to use native OS on Serial A T A and Parallel A T A ports.
2-18 Chapter 2: BIOS setup Configure CPU. Select Screen Select Item Enter Go to Sub-screen F1 General Help F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit 2.4 Advanced menu The Advanced menu items allow you to change the settings for the CPU and other system devices. T ake caution when changing the settings of the Advanced menu items.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-19 The Module V ersion and USB Devices Enabled items show the auto-detected values. If no USB device is detected, the item shows None. 2.4.2 USB Conguration The items in this menu allows you to change the USB-related features. Select an item then press <Enter> to display the conguration options.
2-20 Chapter 2: BIOS setup 2.4.3 CPU Conguration The items in this menu show the CPU-related information that the BIOS automatically detects. Default CPU Ratio [Enabled ] Allows you to enable or disable default CPU ratio.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-21 Enhanced C1 Control [Auto] When set to [Auto], the BIOS will automatically check the CPU’s capability to enable the C1E support. In C1E mode, the CPU power consumption is lower when idle. Conguration options: [Auto] [Disabled] CPU Internal Thermal Control [Auto] Disables or sets the CPU internal thermal control.
2-22 Chapter 2: BIOS setup Congure DRAM Timing by SPD [Enabled] When this item is enabled, the DRAM timing parameters are set according to the DRAM SPD (Serial Presence Detect). When disabled, you can manually set the DRAM timing parameters through the DRAM sub-items.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-23 DVMT Mode Select [DVMT Mode] Allows you to select the graphics memory type. Conguration options: [Fixed MODE] [DVMT Mode] [Combo Mode] DVMT/FIXED Memory [128MB] Configuration.
2-24 Chapter 2: BIOS setup 2.4.5 Onboard Devices Conguration Congure Win627DHG Super IO Chipset HD Audio Controller [Enabled] Front Panel Support Type [HD Audio] Onboard PCIEX 10/100Mb LAN [Enab.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-25 Parallel Port Mode [ECP] Allows you to select the Parallel Port mode. Conguration options: [Normal] [Bi-Directional] [EPP] [ECP] ECP Mode DMA Channel [DMA3] Appears only when the Parallel Port Mode is set to [ECP]. This item allows you to set the Parallel Port ECP DMA.
2-26 Chapter 2: BIOS setup 2.4.6 PCI PnP The PCI PnP menu items allow you to change the advanced settings for PCI/PnP devices. The menu includes setting IRQ and DMA channel resources for e ither PCI/PnP or legacy ISA devices, and setting the memory size block for legacy ISA devices.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-27 IRQ-xx assigned to [PCI Device] When set to [PCI Device], the specic IRQ is free for use of PCI/PnP devices. When set to [Reserved], the IRQ is reserved for legacy ISA devices. Conguration options: [PCI Device] [Reserved] 2.
2-28 Chapter 2: BIOS setup 2.5.4 APM Conguration Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit Enabled or disable APM.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-29 Power On By PCI Devices [Disabled] When set to [Enabled], this parameter allows you to turn on the system through a PCI LAN or modem card.
2-30 Chapter 2: BIOS setup 2.5.5 Hardware Monitor Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit Hardware Monitor CPU Temperature [49.5ºC/121ºF] CPU Fan Speed [2909RPM] CPU Q-Fan Control [Disabled] Chassis Fan Speed (RPM) [N/A] VCORE Voltage [ 1.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-31 2.6 Boot menu The Boot menu items allow you to change the system boot options. Select an item then press <Enter> to display the sub-menu. Select Screen Select Item Enter Go to Sub-screen F1 General Help F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit Boot Settings Boot Device Priority Boot Settings Conguration Security 2.
2-32 Chapter 2: BIOS setup 2.6.2 Boot Settings Conguration Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit Boot Settings Conguration Quick Boot [Enabled] Fu.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-33 If you forget your BIOS password, you can clear clear it by erasing the CMOS Real T ime Clock (RTC) RAM. See section “2.6 Jumpers” for information on how to erase the RTC RAM. Interrupt 19 Capture [Disabled] When set to [Enabled], this function allows the option ROMs to trap Interrupt 19.
2-34 Chapter 2: BIOS setup After you have set a supervisor password, the other items appear to allow you to change other security settings. User Access Level [Full Access] This item allows you to select the access restriction to the Setup items.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 2-35 If you attempt to exit the Setup program without saving your changes, the program prompts you with a message asking if you want to save your changes before exiting. Press <Enter> to save the changes while exiting. 2.7 Exit menu Pressing <Esc> does not immediately exit this menu.
2-36 Chapter 2: BIOS setup Exit & Discard Changes Select this option only if you do not want to save the changes that you made to the Setup program. If you made changes to elds other than System Date, System T ime, and Password, the BIOS asks for a conrmation before exiting.
3 Software support This chapter describes the contents of the support CD that comes with the motherboard package..
3-2 Chapter 3: Software support If Autorun is NOT enabled in your computer , browse the contents of the support CD to locate the le ASSETUP .EXE from the BIN folder . Double-click the ASSETUP .EXE to run the CD. Click an item to install 3.1 Installing an operating system This motherboard supports Windows ® 2000/XP/Vista operating systems (OS).
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 3-3 3.2.2 Drivers menu The drivers menu shows the available device drivers if the system detects installed devices. Install the necessary drivers to activate the devices. Intel Chipset Inf Update Program This item installs the Intel® Chipset INF Update Program.
3-4 Chapter 3: Software support 3.2.3 Utilities menu The Utilities menu shows the applications and other software that the motherboard supports. ASUS PC Probe II This smart utility monitors the fan speed, CPU temperature, and system voltages, and alerts you of any detected problems.
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 3-5 Anti-Virus Utility The anti-virus application detects and protects your computer from viruses that destroys data. Anti-Virus Utility Downloads Anti-Virus Utility from the Internet. Corel Snapre Plus SE Installs the Corel Snapre Plus SE software.
3-6 Chapter 3: Software support 3.2.4 ASUS Contact information Click the Contact tab to display the ASUS contact information. Y ou can also nd this information on the inside front cover of this user guide.
A CPU features The Appendix describes the CPU features that the motherboard supports..
A-2 Appendix: CPU features A.1 Intel ® EM64T • The motherboard is fully compatible with Intel ® Pentium ® 4 LGA775 processors running on 32-bit operating systems. • The motherboard comes with a BIOS le that supports EM64T . Y ou can download the latest BIOS le from the ASUS website (www .
ASUS P5GC-MX/1333 A-3 A.2.2 Using the EIST T o use the EIST feature: 1. Tur n o n the c omp ut er, th en en te r t he BI OS Se tup . 2. Go to th e A dv anc ed Me nu, h igh li ght C PU Co ng ura ti on, then press <Enter>. 3. Set the Intel(R) SpeedStep T echnology item to [Automatic], then press <Enter>.
A-4 Appendix: CPU features A.3 Intel ® Hyper-Threading Technology • The motherboard supports Intel ® Pentium ® 4 LGA775 processors with Hyper-Threading T echnology . • Hy pe r-Th rea di ng T echn olo gy i s supp ort ed u nder Wi nd ow s ® XP and Linux 2.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Asus P5GC-MX /1333 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Asus P5GC-MX /1333 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Asus P5GC-MX /1333 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Asus P5GC-MX /1333 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Asus P5GC-MX /1333, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Asus P5GC-MX /1333.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Asus P5GC-MX /1333. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Asus P5GC-MX /1333 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
