Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto C40K del fabbricante Omron
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Cat. No. W146-E1-5 Programmable Controllers SYSMAC C20K/C28K/C40K/C60K.
K-type Programmable Controllers OPERA TION MANUAL Revised July 1999.
! ! ! ii Notice: OMRON products are manufactured for use according to proper procedures by a qualified operator and only for the purposes described in this manual. The following conventions are used to indicate and classify precautions in this manual.
iii About this Manual: The OMRON K-type Programmable Controllers offer an ef fective way to automate processing, man- ufacturing, assembly , packaging, and many other processes to save time and money . Distributed con- trol systems can also be designed to allow centralized monitoring and supervision of several separate controlled systems.
v T ABLE OF CONTENTS PRECAUTIONS ix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Intended Audience x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 General Precautions x .
T able of contents vi 4-4 The Programming Console 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4-1 The Keyboard 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4-2 PC Modes 45 .
T able of contents vii 5-15-2 BINAR Y -TO-BCD – BCD(24) 1 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15-3 4-TO-16 DECODER – MLPX(76) 1 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15-4 16-TO-4 ENCODER – DMPX(77) 118 .
ix PRECAUTIONS This section provides general precautions for using the K-type Programmable Controllers (PCs) and related devices. Th e information contained in this section is important for the safe and reliable application of Pr ogrammable Control- lers.
! ! ! ! ! 5 Application Precautions x 1 Intended Audience This manual is intended for the following personnel, who must also have knowl- edge of electrical systems (an electrical engineer or the equivalent). • Personnel in charge of installing F A systems.
! ! ! ! 5 Application Precautions xi • Locations subject to corrosive or flammable gases. • Locations subject to dust (especially iron dust) or salts. • Locations subject to exposure to water , oil, or chemicals. • Locations subject to shock or vibration.
5 Application Precautions xii • Do not apply voltages to the Input Units in excess of the rated input voltage. Excess voltages may result in burning. • Do not apply voltages or connect loads to the Output Units in excess of the maximum switching capacity .
1 SECTION 1 Backgr ound 1-1 Introduction 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Relay Circuits: The Roots of PC Logic 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 1-1 Introduction A Programmable Controller (PC) is basically a central processing unit (CPU) containing a program and connected to input and output (I/O) devices (I/O Devices) . The program controls the PC so that when an input signal from an input device turns ON, the appropriate response is made.
3 Actually there is not a total equivalence between these terms, because the term condition is used only to describe ladder diagram programs in general and is specifically equivalent to one of certain basic instructions.
4 Special I/O Units are dedicated Units that are designed to meet specific needs. These include Analog T imer Units and Analog I/O Units. Link Units are used to create Link Systems that link more than one PC or link a single PC to remote I/O points.
5 The first thing that must be assessed is the number of input and output points that the controlled system will require. This is done by identifying each device that is to send an input signal to the PC or which is to receive an output sig- nal from the PC.
6 A Host Link Unit is required to interface a computer running LSS to the PC. Using an Optical Host Link Unit also enables the use of optical fiber cable to connect the FIT to the PC.
7 SECTION 2 Hardware Considerations 2-1 Introduction 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Indicators 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 2-1 Introduction This section provides information on hardware aspects of K-type PCs that are relevant to programming and software operation. These include indica- tors on the CPU and basic PC configuration. This information is covered in detail in the Installation Guide .
9 SECTION 3 Memory Ar eas 3-1 Introduction 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 Data Area Structure 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10 3-1 Introduction V arious types of data are required to achieve effective and correct control. T o facilitate managing this data, the PC is provided with various memory areas for data, each of which performs a different function. The areas generally ac- cessible by the user for use in programming are classified as data areas .
11 used to store execution conditions at branching points in ladder diagrams. The use of TR bits is described in Section 4 Writing and Inputting the Pro- gram. The TC area consists of TC numbers, each of which is used for a spe- cific timer or counter defined in the program.
12 When referring to the entire word, the digit numbered 0 is called the right- most digit; the one numbered 3, the leftmost digit. When inputting data into data areas, it must be input in the proper form for the intended purpose.
13 The maximum number of available I/O bits is 16 (bits/word) times the number of I/O words. I/O bits are assigned to input or output points as described in Word Allocations . If a Unit brings inputs into the PC, the bit assigned to it is an input bit; if the Unit sends an output from the PC, the bit is an output bit.
14 The following table shows which bits can be used as I/O bits in each of the K-type CPUs. Bits in the shaded areas can be used as work bits but not as output bits.
15 The following table shows which bits can be used as I/O bits in each of the Expansion I/O Units. Bits in the shaded areas can be used as work bits but not as output bits. The word addresses depend on the CPU that the Expan- sion I/O Unit is coupled to.
16 A K-type PC can be configured with a CPU Unit and one or more of the fol- lowing Units: Expansion I/O Units, Analog T imer Units, or an I/O Link Unit.
17 The tables on the following pages show the possible configurations for a K-type PC. Although the tables branch to show the various possibilities at any one point, there can be no branching in the actual PC connections. Y ou can choose either branch at any point and go as far as required, i.
18 C20K/C28K Input Output C40P/C60P Input Output Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input .
19 C20K/C28K Input Output C40P/C60P Input Output Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input .
20 C40P/C60P Input Output Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU Input Output C20P/C28P/TU/LU .
21 3-4 Special Relay (SR) Area The SR area contains flags and control bits used for monitoring system op- eration, accessing clock pulses, and signalling errors. SR area word ad- dresses range from 18 through 19; bit addresses, from 1804 through 1907.
! ! 22 These clock pulse bits are often used with counter instructions to create tim- ers. Refer to 5-1 1 Timer and Counter Instructions for an example of this. Pulse width 0.1 s 0.2 s 1.0 s Bit 1900 1901 1902 Bit 1900 0.1-s clock pulse 0.1 s .05 s .05 s Bit 1901 0.
23 SR bit 1904 turns ON when there is a carry in the result of an arithmetic op- eration. The content of CY is also used in some arithmetic operations, e.g., it is added or subtracted along with other operands. This flag can be set and cleared from the program using the SET CARRY and CLEAR CARR Y in- structions.
24 Once a TC number has been defined using one of these instructions, it can- not be redefined elsewhere in the program using the same or a different in- struction. If the same TC number is defined in more than one of these in- structions or in the same instruction twice, an error will be generated during the program check.
25 SECTION 4 W riting and Inputting the Pr ogram 4-1 Introduction 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Instruction T erminology 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26 4-1 Introduction This section explains how to convert ladder diagrams to mnemonic code and input them into the PC. It then describes the basic steps and concepts in- volved in programming and introduces the instructions used to build the basic structure of the ladder diagram and control its execution.
27 Most instructions have at least one or more operands associated with them. Operands indicate or provide the data on which an instruction is to be per- formed. These are sometimes input as the actual numeric values, but are usually the addresses of data area words or bits that contain the data to be used.
28 4-3-1 Basic T erms Each condition in a ladder diagram is either ON or OFF depending on the status of the operand bit that has been assigned to it. A normally open condi- tion is ON if the operand bit is ON; OFF if the operand bit is OFF . An normally closed condition is ON if the operand bit is OFF; OFF if the operand bit is ON.
29 The program is input into addresses in Program Memory . Addresses in Pro- gram Memory are slightly different to those in other memory areas because each address does not necessarily hold the same amount of data.
30 4-3-3 Ladder Instructions The ladder instructions are those that correspond to the conditions on the ladder diagram. Ladder instructions, either independently or in combination with the logic block instructions described next, form the execution conditions upon which all other instructions are executed.
31 When two or more conditions lie on separate instruction lines running in par- allel and then joining together , the first condition corresponds to a LOAD or LOAD NOT instruction; the rest of the conditions correspond to OR or OR NOT instructions.
32 4-3-4 OUT and OUT NOT The OUT and OUT NOT instructions are used to control the status of the designated operand bit according to the execution condition. With the OUT instruction, the operand bit will be turned ON as long as the execution condi- tion is ON and will be turned OFF as long as the execution condition is OFF .
33 Although simple in appearance, the diagram below requires an AND LOAD instruction. Instruction 0002 0003 0000 0001 Address Instruction Operands 0000 LD 0000 0001 OR 0001 0002 LD 0002 0003 OR NOT 0003 0004 AND LD --- The two logic blocks are indicated by dotted lines.
34 The following diagram requires AND LOAD to be converted to mnemonic code because three pairs of parallel conditions lie in series. The two means of coding the programs are also shown.
35 Both of the coding methods described above can also be used when using both AND LD and OR LD, as long as the number of blocks being combined does not exceed eight. The following diagram contains only two logic blocks as shown. It is not nec- essary to break block b down further , because it can coded directly using only AND and OR.
36 The following diagram must be broken down into two blocks and each of these then broken into two blocks before it can be coded. As shown below , blocks a and b require an AND LD. Before AND LD can be used, however , OR LD must be used to combine the top and bottom blocks on both sides, i.
37 The following diagram requires first an OR LD and an AND LD to code the top of the three blocks, and then two more OR LDs to complete the mne- monic code.
38 Again, this diagram can be redrawn as follows to simplify program structure and coding and to save memory space. 0006 0007 0105 0005 0001 0002 0003 0004 0000 Address Instruction Operands 0000 LD 00.
39 4-3-7 Coding Multiple Right-hand Instructions If there is more than one right-hand instruction executed with the same exe- cution condition, they are coded consecutively following the last condition on the instruction line. In the following example, the last instruction line contains one more condition that corresponds to an AND.
40 There are two means of programming branching programs to preserve the execution conditions. One is to use TR bits; the other , to use interlocks (IL(02)/ILC(03)). The TR area provides eight bits, TR 0 through TR 7, that can be used to tem- porarily preserve execution conditions.
41 TR bits can be used as many times as required as long as the same TR bit is not used more than once in the same instruction block. Here, a new instruc- tion block is begun each time execution returns to the bus bar .
42 The problem of storing execution conditions at branching points can also be handled by using the INTERLOCK (IL(02)) and INTERLOCK CLEAR (ILC(03)) instructions. The branching point and all the conditions leading to it are placed on a separate line followed by all of the lines from the branching point.
43 If 0000 in the above diagram was OFF (i.e., if the execution condition for the first INTERLOCK instruction was OFF), instructions 1 through 4 would be executed with OFF execution conditions and execution would move to the instruction following the INTERLOCK CLEAR instruction.
44 JUMP END instruction with a jump number of 00. Although, as in all jumps, no status is changed and no instructions are executed between the JUMP 00 and JUMP END 00 instructions, the program must search for the next JUMP END 00 instruction, producing a slightly longer execution time.
45 Except for the SHIFT key on the upper right, the gray keys are used to input instructions and designate data area prefixes when inputting or changing a program. The SHIFT key is similar to the shift key of a typewriter , and is used to alter the function of the next key pressed.
! ! 46 In PROGRAM mode, the PC does not execute the program. PROGRAM mode is for creating and changing programs, clearing memory areas, and registering and changing the I/O table. A special Debug operation is also available within PROGRAM mode that enables checking a program for cor- rect execution before trial operation of the system.
47 3. Connect the Programming Console to the PC. Make sure that the Pro- gramming Console is securely connected or mounted to the CPU; im- proper connection may inhibit operation. 4. Set the mode switch to PROGRAM mode. 5. T urn on PC power . 6. Enter the password.
48 Key Sequence The following procedure is used to clear memory completely . 0000 0000MEMOR Y CLR? HR CNT DM 0000MEMOR Y CLR END HR CNT DM 0000 0000 It is possible to retain the data in specified areas and/or part of the Program Memory . T o retain the data in the HR and TC, and/or DM areas, press the appropriate key after entering REC/RESET .
49 For example, to leave the TC area uncleared and retaining Program Memory addresses 0000 through 0122, input as follows: 0000 0000 0000 0000MEMOR Y CLR? HR CNT DM 0000MEMOR Y CLR? HR DM 0123MEMOR Y CLR? HR DM 0000MEMOR Y CLR END HR DM 4-5-3 Clearing Error Messages Any error messages recorded in memory should also be cleared.
50 Before starting to input a program, check to see whether there is a program already loaded. If there is a program already loaded that you do not need, clear it first using the program memory clear key sequence, then input the new program.
! 51 4-6-2 Inputting or Overwriting Programs Programs can be input or overwritten only in PROGRAM mode. The same procedure is used to either input a program for the first time or to overwrite a program that already exists. In either case, the current contents of Program Memory are overwritten, i.
52 The following ladder diagram can be input using the key inputs shown below . Displays will appear as indicated. 0000 0200 0200 LD 0002 0201READ NOP (00) 0201 TIM 00 0201 TIM DA T A #0000 0201 TIM #.
53 4-6-3 Checking the Program Once a program has been input, it should be checked for syntax to be sure that no programming rules have been violated. This check should also be performed if the program has been changed in any way that might create a syntax error .
54 Message Meaning and appropriate response SBS UNDEFD A defined subroutine is not called by the main program. When this message is displayed because of interrupt routine definition, there is no problem. In all other cases, correct the program. STEP OVER STEP is used for more than 16 program sections.
55 Example 0000 0000SCAN TIME A VG 054.1MS 0000SCAN TIME A VG 053.9MS 4-6-5 Program Searches The program can be searched for occurrences of any designated instruction or data area bit address used in an instruction. Searches can be performed from any currently displayed address or from a cleared display .
56 Example: Instruction Search 0000 0000 LD 0000 0200SRCH LD 0000 0202 LD 0000 1082SRCH END (01) 0000 0100 0100 TIM 01 0203SRCH TIM 01 0203 TIM DA T A #0123 Example: Bit Search 0000 0000 CONT 0005 020.
! 57 4-6-6 Inserting and Deleting Instructions In PROGRAM mode, any instruction that is currently displayed can be de- leted or another instruction can be inserted before it.
58 The following key inputs and displays show the procedure for achieving the program changes shown above. Find the address prior to the insertion point Insert the instruction Program After Insertion .
59 Find the instruction that requires deletion. Confirm that this is the instruction to be deleted. Program After Deletion Deleting an Instruction 0000 0000 OUT 0000 0000 OUT 0201 0208SRCH OUT 0201 02.
60 Here, 0500 will be turned ON for one cycle after 0000 goes ON. The next time DIFU(13) 0500 is executed, 0500 will be turned OFF , regardless of the status of 0000.
61 4-8 Work Bits (Internal Relays) In programming, combining conditions to directly produce execution condi- tions is often extremely difficult. These dif ficulties are easily overcome, how- ever , by using certain bits to trigger other instructions indirectly .
62 Work bits can be used to simplify programming when a certain combination of conditions is repeatedly used in combination with other conditions. In the following example, IR 0000, IR 0001, IR 0002, and IR 0003 are combined in a logic block that stores the resulting execution condition as the status of IR 01 12.
63 Differentiated Conditions W ork bits can also be used if differential treatment is necessary for some, but not all, of the conditions required for execution of an instruction. In this exam- ple, IR 0100 must be left on continuously as long as IR 0001 is ON and both IR 0002 and IR 0003 are OFF , or as long as IR 0004 is ON and IR 0005 is OFF .
64 Often, complicated programs are the result of attempts to reduce the number of times a bit is used. Every instruction line must also have at least one condition on it to determine the execution condition for the instruction at the right. Again, diagram A , be- low , must be redrawn as diagram B.
65 4-10 Program Execution When program execution is started, the CPU cycles the program from top to bottom, checking all conditions and executing all instructions accordingly as it moves down the bus bar .
67 SECTION 5 Instruction Set 5-1 Introduction 68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 Notation 68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68 5-1 Introduction The K-type PCs have large programming instruction sets that allow for easy programming of complicated control processes. This section explains each instruction individually and provides the ladder diagram symbol, data areas, and flags used with each.
! 69 paired with which JUMP END instruction. Bit operands are also contained in the same word as the instruction itself, although these are not considered definers.
70 The first word of any instruction defines the instruction and provides any de- finers and sometimes bit operands required by the instruction. All other oper- ands (i.e., operand words) are placed in words after the instruction word, one operand to a word, in the same order as these appear in the ladder symbol for the instruction.
71 If a right-hand instruction requires multiple instruction lines, all of the lines for the instruction are coded before the right-hand instruction. Each of the lines for the instruction are coded starting with LD or LD NOT to form ‘logic blocks’ that are combined by the right-hand instruction.
72 If the condition assigned 0004 was not in the diagram, the second LD using TR 0 would not be necessary because OUT with 0102 and the AND NOT with 0005 both require the same execution condition, i.e., the execution con- dition stored in TR 0. The diagram and mnemonic code for this program are shown below .
73 5-5 Ladder Diagram Instructions Ladder diagram instructions include ladder instructions and logic block in- structions. Ladder instructions correspond to the conditions on the ladder diagram. Logic block instructions are used to relate more complex parts of the diagram that cannot be programmed with ladder instructions alone.
74 These six basic instructions correspond to the conditions on a ladder dia- gram. As described in Section 4 Writing and Inputting the Program , the status of the bits assigned to each instruction determines the execution con- ditions for all other instructions.
75 5-6 Bit Control Instructions There are five instructions that can be used generally to control individual bit status. These are OUT , OUT NOT , DIFU(13), DIFD(14), and KEEP(1 1). These instructions are used to turn bits ON and OFF in different ways.
76 Any output bit can be used in only one instruction that controls its status. See 3-3 Internal Relay (IR) Area for details. DIFU(13) and DIFD(14) are used to turn the designated bit ON for one cycle only . Whenever executed, DIFU(13) compares its current execution with the previ- ous execution condition.
77 5-6-3 KEEP – KEEP(1 1) B : Bit IR, HR Ladder Symbol Operand Data Areas S R KEEP(1 1) B KEEP(1 1) is used to maintain the status of the designated bit based on two execution conditions. These execution conditions are labeled S and R. S is the set input; R, the reset input.
78 Never use an input bit in an normally closed condition on the reset (R) for KEEP(1 1) when the input device uses an AC power supply . The delay in shutting down the PC’s DC power supply (relative to the AC power supply to the input device) can cause the designated bit of KEEP(1 1) to be reset.
79 If the execution condition for IL(02) condition is OFF , the interlocked section between IL(02) and ILC(03) will be treated as shown in the following table: Instruction T reatment OUT and OUT NOT Designated bit turned OFF . TIM and TIMH(15) Reset. CNT , CNTR(12) PV maintained.
80 The following diagram shows IL(02) being used twice with one ILC(03). 0000 LD 0000 0001 IL(02) 0002 LD 0001 0003 TIM 1 1 # 0015 0004 LD 0002 0005 IL(02) 0006 LD 0003 0007 AND NOT 0004 0008 LD 0100 .
81 will not be changed. Each of these jump numbers can be used to define one jump. Because all of instructions between JMP(04) and JME(05) are skipped, jump numbers 01 through 08 can be used to reduce cycle time. If the jump number for JMP(04) is 00, the CPU will look for the next JME(05) with a Jump number of 00.
82 5-1 1 Timer and Counter Instructions TIM and TIMH are decrementing ON-delay timer instructions which require a TC number and a set value (SV). CNT is a decrementing counter instruction and CNTR is a reversible counter instruction. Both require a TC number and a SV .
83 5-1 1-1 TIMER – TIM N : TC number # (00 through 47) Ladder Symbol Definer V alues SV : Set value (word, BCD) IR, HR, # Operand Data Areas TIM N SV SV may be between 000.0 and 999.9 seconds. The decimal point of SV is not input. Each TC number can be used as the definer in only one timer or counter in- struction.
84 All of the following examples use OUT in diagrams that would generally be used to control output bits in the IR area. There is no reason, however , why these diagrams cannot be modified to control execution of other instructions. The following example shows two timers, one set with a constant and one set via input word 01.
85 In the following example, 0500 would be turned ON 5.0 seconds after 0000 goes ON and then turned OFF 3.0 seconds after 0000 goes OFF . It is neces- sary to use both 0500 and 0000 to determine the e.
86 Bits can be programmed to turn ON and OFF at a regular interval while a designated execution condition is ON by using TIM twice. One TIM functions to turn ON and OFF a specified bit, i.e., the completion flag of this TIM turns the specified bit ON and OFF .
87 T imers in interlocked program sections are reset when the execution condi- tion for IL(02) is OFF . Power interruptions also reset timers. If a timer that is not reset under these conditions is desired, SR area clock pulse bits can be counted to produce timers using CNT .
88 T imer ranges are set in the output words as shown in the following table. Timer Output word bit 0.1 to 1s 1 to 10s 10 to 60s 1 to 10m T 0 08 OFF ON OFF ON 09 OFF OFF ON ON T 1 10 OFF ON OFF ON 11 .
89 5. T 2 and T 3 are made inoperative if IR 0015 is turned ON. MOV(21) #0400 06 First Cycle Flag 15 14 13 12 1 1 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 1110010000000000 Content of IR O6 after MOV(21) Range.
90 5-1 1-4 COUNTER – CNT N : TC number # (00 through 47) Ladder Symbol Definer V alues SV : Set value (word, BCD) IR, HR, # Operand Data Areas CP R CNT N SV Each TC number can be used as the definer in only one timer or counter in- struction.
91 In the following example, the PV will be decremented whenever both 0000 and 0001 are ON provided that 0002 is OFF and either 0000 or 0001 was OFF the last time CNT 04 was executed. When 150 pulses have been counted down (i.e., when PV reaches zero), 0205 will be turned ON.
92 Because in this example the SV for CNT 01 is 100 and the SV for CNT 02 is 200, the completion flag for CNT 02 turns ON when 100 x 200 or 20,000 OFF to ON changes have been counted in 0001.
! 93 As the SV for CNT 01 is 700, the completion flag for CNT 02 turns ON when 1 second x 700 times, or 10 minutes and 40 seconds have expired. This would result in 0202 being turned ON.
94 CNTR(12) is reset with a reset input, R. When R goes from OFF to ON, the PV is reset to zero. The PV will not be incremented or decremented while R is ON. Counting will begin again when R goes OFF . The PV for CNTR(12) will not be reset in interlocked program sections or for power interruptions.
95 In the hard reset mode, the reset signal must have an ON time of at least 250 µ s. 250 µ s max. Input 0001 Description The high-speed counter counts the signals input from an external device con-.
96 SR bit 1807 is the soft reset. When it is turned ON, the present value in the high-speed counter buffer is reset to “0000.” As for the hard reset, when the soft reset is ON, the count signal from input 0000 is not accepted. When pro- grammed with the soft reset, the high-speed counter would appear as below .
97 The values must be four-digit BCD in the range 0000 to 9999. Note that fail- ure to enter BCD values will not activate the ERR flag. Always set a lower limit which is less than the corresponding upper limit.
98 Examples The high-speed counter normally provides 16 output bits. If more than 16 are required, the high-speed counter may be programmed more than once. In the following program example, the high-speed counter is used twice to pro- vide 32 output bits.
99 Note that in the program just mentioned, the present value in the counter buffer is transferred to counter number 47 at points A and B. In this case, if S31 (=1,000) < S < S32 (=2,000) and S3.
100 The high-speed counter is a ring counter and thus when its present count value is incremented from 9999 to 0000, the completion flag of CNT 47 is turned ON for one cycle. By using this flag as an input to the UP input of the reversible counter (i.
101 The following diagram shows the packaging system and the corresponding timing chart. Pusher Packages Rotary encoder E6A (0000) Reflective photoelectric switch PH1 (0002) Motor 2 (M2) Rear limit sw.
102 Here is the program example for the application. MOV(21) #0905 DM 32 MOV(21) #1 150 DM 33 MOV(21) #1450 DM 34 MOV(21) #1550 DM 35 1815 1807 HDM(61) 47 HR 0 HR 000 001 1 0006 0005 0100 0005 0003 01.
103 0000 LD 1813 0001 MOV(21) # 0905 DM 32 0002 MOV(21) # 1 150 DM 33 0003 MOV(21) # 1450 DM 34 0004 MOV(21) # 1550 DM 35 0005 LD 1815 0006 OR 0005 0007 OUT 1807 0008 LD 0002 0009 HDM(61) 47 HR 0 0010.
104 The transferred count value is then compared with the upper and lower limits of a set of ranges which have been preset in DM 00 through DM 31. If the current value is within any of the preset ranges, the corresponding bit of the results word, R, is turned ON.
105 The values must be four-digit BCD in the range 0000 through 9999. Failure to enter BCD values will not activate the ERR flag. Always set a lower limit which is less than the corresponding upper limit. MOV(21) is useful in setting limits. The following ladder diagram shows the use of MOV(21) for setting limits.
106 The following timing example uses HR 0 as the results word. Start input 0002 HR 000 Limits: 0001 to 0002 Count input (1805) 0000 0001 0002 0003 0004 0005 0004 0003 0002 0001 0000 9999 9998 9997 00.
107 SFT(10) shifts an execution condition into a shift register . SFT(10) is con- trolled by three execution conditions, I, P , and R. If SFT(10) is executed and 1) execution condition P is ON and was.
108 When 1280 is OFF (all times but the first cycle after 0204 has changed from OFF to ON), the jump is taken and the status of 0100 will not be changed.
109 The program is set up so that a rotary encoder (0000) controls execution of SFT(10) through a DIFU(13), the rotary encoder is set up to turn ON and OFF each time a product passes the first sensor .
! 11 0 SFTR(84) is used to create a single- or multiple-word shift register that can be shifted to either the right or the left. T o create a single-word shift register , designate the same word for St and E. The control word provides the shift direction, the status to be input into the register , the shift pulse, and the reset input.
111 When the execution condition is OFF , WSFT(16) is not executed and the next instruction is moved to. When the execution condition is ON, 0000 is moved into St, the content of St is moved to St + 1, the content of St + 1 is moved to St + 2, etc., and the content of E is lost.
11 2 5-13-2 MOVE NOT – MVN(22) S : Source word IR, SR, DM, HR, TC, # D : Destination word IR, DM, HR Ladder Symbol Operand Data Areas MVN(22) S D When the execution condition is OFF , MVN(22) is not executed and the next instruction is moved to.
11 3 The following example shows how to save the comparison result immedi- ately . If the content of HR 8 is greater than that of 9, 0200 is turned ON; if the two contents are equal, 0201 is turned ON; if content of HR 8 is less than that of HR 9, 0202 is turned ON.
11 4 The branching structure of this diagram is important so that 0200, 0201, and 0202 are controlled properly as the timer counts down. Because all of the comparisons here are to the timer ’s PV , the other operand for each CMP(20) must be in 4-digit BCD.
11 5 5-15 Data Conversion The conversion instructions convert word data that is in one format into an- other format and output the converted data to specified result word(s). Con- versions are available to convert between binary (hexadecimal) and BCD and between multiplexed and non-multiplexed data.
11 6 5-15-3 4-TO-16 DECODER – MLPX(76) S : Source word IR, SR, DM, HR, TC Di : Digit designator IR, DM, HR, TC, # Ladder Symbol Operand Data Areas R : First result word IR, DM, HR MLPX(76) S Di R The rightmost two digits of Di must each be between D and 3.
11 7 Some example Di values and the digit-to-word conversions that they produce are shown below . 0 1 2 3 R R + 1 R R + 1 R + 2 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 R R + 1 R + 2 R + 3 R R + 1 R + 2 R + 3 S Di : 0031 Di : 0023 Di : 0030 Di : 0010 S S S ER : Undefined digit designator , or R plus number of digits exceeds a data area.
11 8 5-15-4 16-TO-4 ENCODER – DMPX(77) S : First source word IR, SR, DM, HR, TC R : Result word IR, DM, HR Ladder Symbol Operand Data Areas Di : Digit designator IR, DM, HR, TC, # DMPX(77) S R Di The rightmost two digits of Di must each be between 0 and 3.
11 9 Some example Di values and the word-to-digit conversions that they produce are shown below . 0 1 2 3 R Di : 001 1 S S + 1 0 1 2 3 S S + 1 S + 2 S + 3 Di : 0030 R S S + 1 S + 2 S + 3 0 1 2 3 Di : 0032 R Di : 0013 0 1 2 3 S S + 1 R ER : Undefined digit designator , or S plus number of digits exceeds a data area.
120 5-16 BCD Calculations The BCD calculation instructions perform mathematic operations on BCD data. These instructions change only the content of the words in which results are placed, i.e., the contents of source words are the same before and after exe- cution of any of the BCD calculation instructions.
121 If 0002 is ON, the following diagram clears CY with CLC(41), adds the con- tent of IR 02 to a constant (6103), places the result in DM 01, and then moves either all zeros or 0001 into DM 02 depending on the status of CY (1904).
! 122 case DM 05 and DM 04 are used to represent the intermediate 4 digits and the 4 right digits respectively . DM 06 represents the leftmost digit, the 9th dig- it. If a carry is generated, SR 1904 (CY) is turned ON and the constant 0001 is transferred to DM 06.
123 If CY is not set by executing SUB(31), the result is positive, the second sub- traction is not performed and HR 300 is not turned ON. HR 300 is pro- grammed as a self-maintaining bit so that a change in the status of CY will not turn it OFF when the program is recycled.
124 When the execution condition is OFF , MUL(32) is not executed and the next instruction is moved to. When the execution condition is ON, the contents of Md and Mr are multiplied and the rightmost four digits of the result are placed in R; the leftmost four digits, in R + 1.
125 When the execution condition is OFF , DIV(33) is not executed and the next instruction is moved to. When the execution condition is ON, the content of Dd is divided by the content of Dr and the result is placed in R and R + 1: the quotient in R and the remainder in R + 1.
126 5-17 Subroutines Subroutines can be used for one of two dif ferent purposes: either to separate off sections of large control tasks so that they can be handled as smaller ones and to enable you to reuse a given set of instructions at different places within one program or as a part of different programs.
! 127 SBS(91) may be used as many times as desired in the program (i.e., the same subroutine may be called from different places in the program). SBS(91) may also be placed into a subroutine to shift program execution from one subroutine to another , i.
128 5-18 Step Instructions The step instructions STEP(08) and SNXT(09) are used in conjunction to set up breakpoints between sections in large programs so that the sections can be executed as units and reset upon completion. A step of program will usu- ally be defined to correspond with an actual process in the application.
129 Interlocks, jumps, SBN(92), and END(01) must not be used within step pro- grams. Bits used as control bits must not be used anywhere else in the program un- less they are used to control the step (see example 3, below). If IR bits are used for control bits, their status will be lost during any power interruption.
130 Examples The following three examples demonstrate the three types of execution con- trol possible with step programming. Example 1 demonstrates sequential execution; example 2, branching execution; and example 3, parallel execu- tion.
131 The program for this process, shown below , utilizes the most basic type of step programming: each step is completed by a unique SNXT(09) that starts the next step. Each step starts when the switch that indicates the previous step has been completed turns ON.
132 The following diagram demonstrates the flow of processing and the switches that are used for execution control. Here, either process A or process B is used depending on the status of SW A1 and SW B1.
133 The following process requires that two parts of a product pass simultane- ously through two processes each before they are joined together in a fifth process.
134 Thus, process B is reset directly and process B is set indirectly before exe- cuting the step for process E. 0200 LD 1003 0201 OUT 1003 0202 AND 0004 0203 SNXT(09) 1004 0204 STEP(08) 1002 STEP(08) 1000 SNXT(09) 1001 STEP(08) 1001 STEP(08) 1004 SNXT(09) 1005 STEP(08) Process A Process B Process C 0002 (SW3) 0005 (SW7) Process A started.
135 5-19 Special Instructions The following instructions provide for special purposes: refreshing I/O bits during program execution, designating minimum cycle time, and inserting comments into a program.
136 5-19-3 NOT A TION INSERT – NETW(63) C1 : Comment 1 (Hex) # C2 : Comment 2 (Hex) # Ladder Symbol Operand Data Areas NETW(63) C1 C2 NETW(63) is not executed regardless of its execution condition. It is provided so that the programmer can leave comments in the program.
137 SECTION 6 Pr ogram Execution T iming 6-1 Introduction 138 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 Cycle T ime 139 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
138 6-1 Introduction When writing and debugging a program, the timing of various operations must be considered. Not only is the time required to execute the program and perform other CPU operations im.
139 6-2 Cycle Time T o aid in PC operation, the average cycle time can be displayed on the Pro- gramming Console or any other Programming Device. Understanding the operations that occur during the cycle and the elements that affect cycle time is essential to effective programming and PC operations.
140 The first three operations immediately after power application are performed once each time the PC is turned on. The then on the operations shown above are performed in cyclic fashion, with each cycle forming one cycle. The cycle time is the time that is required for the CPU to complete one of these cycles.
141 6-3 Calculating Cycle Time The PC configuration, the program, and program execution conditions must be taken into consideration when calculating the cycle time. This means tak- ing into account such things as the number of I/O points, the programming instructions used, and whether or not Peripheral Devices are employed.
142 The cycle time is the total of all these calculations. 1.6 ms + 0.51 ms + 4.43 ms = 6.54 ms If a peripheral device had been present it would have been: 1.6 ms + 0.51 ms + 4.43 ms + 1 ms = 7.54 ms Process Formula Peripheral device servicing (ms) With Without 1.
143 The cycle time is the total of all these calculations. 1.6 ms + 0.75 ms + 34.50 ms = 36.85 ms If a peripheral device had been present it would have been: 1.6 ms + 0.75 ms + 34.50 ms + 1.50 ms = 38.35 ms Process Formula Peripheral device servicing (ms) With Without 1.
144 Function code Conditions Execution time( µ s) Instruction 09 SNXT 100 Always 10 SFT 102 When shifting 1 word 248 When shifting 13 words 90 to 254 When reset (1 to 13 words) 11 KEEP 19 When set 20 When reset 12 CNTR 95 When counting DOWN 190.5 When counting UP (word specified) 13 DIFU 60.
145 Function code Conditions Execution time( µ s) Instruction 84 SFTR 136 to 668 When resetting 1 to 64 DM words 44 NOP 42 IL 91 SBS 75 Always 92 SBN 26 Always 93 RET 49 Always 97 IORF 108 When refre.
146 The PC takes longest to respond when it receives the input signal just after the input refresh phase of the cycle. In this case the CPU does not recognize the input signal until the end of the next cycle.
147 SECTION 7 Pr ogram Debugging and Execution 7-1 Introduction 148 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 Debugging 148 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
148 7-1 Introduction This section provides the procedures for inputting and debugging a program and monitoring and controlling the PC through a Programming Console. The Programming Console is the most commonly used Programming Device for the K-type PCs.
149 The following displays show some of the messages that may appear . Refer to Section 8 T roubleshooting for an inclusive list of error messages, mean- ings, and appropriate responses.
150 7-3-1 Bit/Digit Monitor The status of any bit or word in any data area can be monitored using the following operation. Although the operation is possible in any mode, ON/OFF status displays will be provided for bits only in MONITOR or RUN mode.
151 The following examples show various applications of this monitor operation. Program Read then Monitor Indicates Completion flag is ON Monitor operation is cancelled 0100 0100READ TIM 00 T00 1234 T.
152 Bit Monitor 0000 0000 LD 0001 0001 ON 0000 CONT 0001 Word Monitor 0000 0000 CHANNEL 00 0000 CHANNEL HR 1 cH1 FFFF cH0 0000 Monitoring Operation and Modifying Data Section 7-3.
153 Multiple Address Monitoring 0000 0000 TIM 00 T00 0100 0000 T00 0100 0001 T00 0100 0001 T00 OFF 0100 D00 0001 T00 OFF 0100 D00 0001 T00 10FF OFF 0100 T00 D00 0001 0100 10FF OFF D00 0001 10FF^ OFF 0.
154 Key Sequence The following example shows how either bits or timers can be controlled with the Force Set/Reset operation. The displays shown below are for the follow- ing program section.
155 The following displays show what happens when TIM 00 is set with 0100 OFF (i.e., 0500 is turned ON) and what happens when TIM 00 is reset with 0100 ON (i.e., timer starts operation, turning OFF 0500, which is turned back ON when the timer has finished counting down the SV).
156 T o change contents of the leftmost word address, press CHG, input the de- sired value, and press WRITE. Key Sequence The following example shows the effects of changing the PV of a timer .
157 Key Sequence The following example shows inputting a new constant and changing from a constant to a word designation. Inputting New SV 0000 0000 TIM 00 0201SRCH TIM 00 0201 TIM DA T A #0123 0201 T.
158 The PC must be in PROGRAM mode for all cassette tape operations. While the operation is in progress, the cursor will blink and the block count will be incremented on the display . Cassette tape operations may be halted at any time by pressing the CLR key .
159 Example 0000 0000MT FILE NO!00000012 0000MT FILE NO!00000000 Blinking Continue within 5 seconds Recording in progress When it comes to END Stop recording with CLR Saved up to stop address Start re.
160 Key Sequence Example Restoring in progress END reached Restored up to END Comparison in progress END reached Stop comparison using CLR Compared up to end of tape 0000MT PLA Y ~ FILE NO!00000012 02.
161 SECTION 8 T r oubleshooting 8-1 Introduction 162 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 Reading and Clearing Errors and Messages 162 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
! 162 8-1 Introduction The K-type PCs provide self-diagnostic functions to identify many types of abnormal system conditions. These functions minimize downtime and enable quick, smooth error correction. This section provides information on hardware and software errors that occur during PC operation.
163 The following error messages appear for errors that occur after program exe- cution has been started. PC operation and program execution will continue after one or more of these error have occurred. The POWER, RUN, and ALARM indicators will be lit and the ERR indicator will not be lit for any of these errors.
164 8-4 Error Flags The following table lists the flags and other information provided in the SR area that can be used in troubleshooting. Details are provided in 3-4 Special Relay (SR) Area .
165 Appendix A Standard Models There are four K-type C-series CPUs. A CPU can be combined with any of six types of Expansion I/O Unit and/or an Analog T imer , Analog I/O Unit, or I/O Link Unit.
Standard Models Appendix A 166 CPUs Name Power supply Inputs Outputs Model number Standards C20K 100 to 240 V AC 24 VDC, 12 pts Relay w/socket 8 pts C20K-CDR-A U, C T ransistor , 1 A C20K-CDT1-A U, C .
Appendix A Standard Models 167 I/O Units Name Power Supply Inputs Outputs Model number Standards C4K I/O Unit --- 24 VDC, 4 pts --- C4K-ID U, C 100 to 120 V AC, 4 pts --- C4K-IA U, C --- Relay w/socke.
Standard Models Appendix A 168 Special Units Name Specifications Model number Standards Analog T imer Unit Settings: 0.1 s to 10 min (one cable, C4K-CN502, included) C4K-TM U, C Analog T imer External.
Appendix A Standard Models 169 Mounting Rail and Accessories Name Specifications Model number Standards DIN T rack Length: 50 cm Not usable with C60K PFP-50N Length: 1 m PFP-100N --- PFP-100N2 End Plate --- PFP-M Spacer --- PFP-S Factory Intelligent T erminal (FIT) Name Specifications Model number Standards FIT 1.
Standard Models Appendix A 170 Peripheral Devices Name Specifications Model number Standards Programming Console V ertical, with backlight 3G2A5-PRO13-E U, C Horizontal, with backlight 3G2A6-PRO15-E --- Hand-Held, with backlight. The Programming Console Adapter AP003 and connecting cable CN222/CN422 are necessary .
171 Appendix B Programming Instructions and Execution T imes Function code Name Mnemonic Page - LOAD LD 73 - LOAD NOT LD NOT 73 - AND AND 73 - AND NOT AND NOT 73 - OR OR 73 - OR NOT OR NOT 73 - AND LO.
Programming Instructions and Execution T imes Appendix B 172 Function code Page Mnemonic Name 61 HIGH-SPEED DRUM COUNTER HDM 94 62 END W AIT ENDW 135 63 NOT A TION INSERT NETW 136 76 4-TO-16 DECODER M.
Appendix B Programming Instructions and Execution T imes 173 Function code Conditions Execution time( µ s) Instruction --- TIM 95 When timing 95.5 to 186.5 When reset CNT 80.5 When counting 91.5 TO 184 When reset 00 NOP 2 Always 01 END — Refer to Cycle Time Calculation Example.
Programming Instructions and Execution T imes Appendix B 174 Function code Conditions Execution time( µ s) Instruction 33 DIV 572 When dividing a DM word by a DM word 40 STC 16 Always 41 CLC 16 Always 60 RDM 695 At reset 61 HDM 734 Always 62 ENDW 197 With DM word 63 NETW 58 Always 76 MLPX 212.
Appendix B Programming Instructions and Execution T imes 175 Ladder Diagram Instructions Name Mnemonic Symbol Function Operands LOAD LD LD B Used to start instruction block with status of designated bit. B: IR SR HR TC TR LOAD NOT LD NOT LD NOT B Used to start instruction block with in- verse of designated bit.
Programming Instructions and Execution T imes Appendix B 176 Name Mnemonic Operands Function Symbol OUTPUT OUT B OUT B T urns ON designated bit. B: IR HR TR OUTPUT NOT OUT NOT OUT NOT B B T urns OFF designated bit. B: IR HR TR TIMER TIM TIM N SV TIM N SV ON-delay (decrementing) timer opera- tion.
Appendix B Programming Instructions and Execution T imes 177 Special Instructions Name Mnemonic Symbol Function Operands NO OPERA TION NOP (00) None Nothing is executed and next instruc- tion is moved to. None END END(01) END(01) Required at the end of the program.
Programming Instructions and Execution T imes Appendix B 178 Name Mnemonic Operands Function Symbol DIFFERENTIA TE UP DIFU(13) DIFFERENTIA TE DOWN DIFD(14) DIFU(13) DIFD(14) B B DIFU turns ON the designated bit (B) for one cycle on the rising edge of the input signal; DIFD turns ON the bit for one cycle on the trailing edge.
Appendix B Programming Instructions and Execution T imes 179 Name Mnemonic Operands Function Symbol BINAR Y -TO-BCD BCD(24) BCD(24) S R Converts binary data in source word (S) into BCD, and outputs converted data to result word (R).
Programming Instructions and Execution T imes Appendix B 180 Name Mnemonic Operands Function Symbol END W AIT ENDW(62) ENDW(62) N Used to force a cycle time longer than normal causing the CPU to wait. N: IR HR TC DM # NOT A TION INSERT NETW(63) NETW(63) C1 C2 Used to leave comments in the pro- gram.
Appendix B Programming Instructions and Execution T imes 181 Name Mnemonic Operands Function Symbol RETURN RET(93) RET(93) Indicates the end of a subroutine defi- nition. None I/O REFRESH IORF(97) IORF(97) St E Refreshes I/O words between a speci- fied range.
183 Appendix C Programming Console Operations Name Function Page Data Clear Used to erase data, either selectively or totally , from the Program Memory and the IR, AR, HR, DM, and TC areas. 47 Address Designation Displays the specified address. 50 Program Search Searches a program for the specified data address or instruction.
Programming Console Operations Appendix C 184 Programming Operations Operation/Description Modes* Key sequence Address Designation Displays the specified address. Can be used to start programming from a non-zero address or to access an address for editing.
Appendix C Programming Console Operations 185 Monitoring and Data Changing Operations Operation/Description Modes* Key sequence Bit/Word Monitor Up to six memory addresses, containing either words or bits, or a combination of the two, can be monitored at once.
Programming Console Operations Appendix C 186 Operation/Description Key sequence Modes* SV Change, SV Reset There are three ways of modifying the SVs for timers and counters. One method is to enter a new value. The second is to increment or decrement the existing SV .
Appendix C Programming Console Operations 187 Cassette T ape Operations Operation/Description Modes* Key sequence Program Memory Save Copies data from the Program Memory to tape. The file no. specified in the instructions provides an identifying address for the information within the tape.
189 Appendix D Error and Arithmetic Flag Operation The following table shows which instructions affect the ER, CY , GT , L T and EQ flags. In general, ER indicates that operand data is not within requirements. CY indicates arithmetic or data shift results.
191 Appendix E Binary–Hexadecimal–Decimal T able Decimal BCD Hex Binary 00 00000000 00 00000000 01 00000001 01 00000001 02 00000010 02 00000010 03 0000001 1 03 0000001 1 04 00000100 04 00000100 05.
193 Appendix F W ord Assignment Recording Sheets This appendix contains sheets that can be copied by the programmer to record I/O bit allocations and terminal assignments on the Racks, as well as details of work bits, data storage areas, timers, and counters.
W ord Assignment Recording Sheets Appendix F 194 Programmer: Program: Date: Page: Word: Unit: Bit Field device Notes 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Word: Unit: Bit Field device Notes .
Appendix F W ord Assignment Recording Sheets 195 Programmer: Program: Date: Page: Area: Word: Bit Usage Notes 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Area: Word: Bit Usage Notes 00 01 02 03 04.
W ord Assignment Recording Sheets Appendix F 196 Programmer: Program: Date: Page: Word Contents Notes Word Contents Notes Data Storage.
Appendix F W ord Assignment Recording Sheets 197 Programmer: Program: Date: Page: TC address T or C Set value Notes TC address T or C Set value Notes Timers and Counters.
199 Appendix G Program Coding Sheet The following page can be copied for use in coding ladder diagram programs. It is designed for flexibility , al- lowing the user to input all required addresses and instructions. When coding programs, be sure to specify all function codes for instructions and data areas (or # for constant) for operands.
Program Coding Sheets Appendix G 200 Programmer: Program: Date: Page: Address Instruction Operand(s) Address Instruction Operand(s) Address Instruction Operand(s).
201 Glossary address The location in memory where data is stored. For data areas, an address consists of a two-letter data area designation and a number that designate the word and/or bit location. For the UM area, an address designates the in- struction location (UM area); for the FM area, the block location (FM area), etc.
Glossary 202 call A process by which instruction execution shifts from the main program to a subroutine. The subroutine may be called by an instruction or by an interrupt.
Glossary 203 data area boundary The highest address available in a data area. When designating an operand that requires multiple words, it is necessary that the highest address in the data area is not exceeded. debug A process by which a draft program is corrected until it operates as intended.
Glossary 204 exection condition The ON or OFF status under which an instruction is executed. The execution condition is determined by the logical combination of conditions on the same instruction line and up to the instruction being executed.
Glossary 205 Host Link System One or more host computers connected to one or more PCs through Host Link Units so that the host computer can be used to transfer data to and re- ceive data from the PC(s). Host Link Systems enable centralized manage- ment and control of a PC System.
Glossary 206 input bit A bit in the IR area that is allocated to hold the status of an input. input device An external device that sends signal(s) into the PC System. input point The point at which an input enters the PC System. An input point physically corresponds to terminals or connector pin(s).
Glossary 207 ladder diagram symbol A symbol used in a ladder-diagram program. ladder instruction An instruction that represents the ‘rung’ portion of a ladder-diagram program. The other instructions in a ladder diagram fall along the right side of the dia- gram and are called terminal instructions.
Glossary 208 nonfatal error A hardware or software error that produces a warning but does not stop the PC from operating. normally closed condition A condition that produces an ON execution condition when the bit assigned to it is OFF , and an OFF execution condition when the bit assigned to it is ON.
Glossary 209 output bit A bit in the IR area that is allocated to hold the status to be sent to an output device. output device An external device that receives a signal(s) from the PC System. output point The point at which an output leaves the PC System.
Glossary 210 Programming Device A peripheral device used to input a program into a PC or to alter or monitor a program already held in the PC. There are dedicated programming devices, such as Programming Consoles, and there are non-dedicated devices, such as a host computer .
Glossary 21 1 right-hand instruction Another term for terminal instruction. rightmost (bit/word) The lowest numbered bits of a group of bits, generally of an entire word, or the lowest numbered words of a group of words. These bits/words are often called least significant bits/words.
Glossary 212 SV Short for set value. switching capacity The voltage/current that a relay can switch on and of f. syntax error An error in the way in which a program is written. Syntax errors can include ‘spelling’ mistakes (i.e., a function code that does not exit), mistakes in speci- fying operands within acceptable parameters (e.
Glossary 213 Wired Slave Rack A Slave Rack connected through a Wired Remote I/O Slave Unit. word A unit of storage in memory that consists of 16 bits. All data areas consists of words. Some data areas can be accessed by words; others, by either words or bits.
215 Index Numbers 16−TO−4 ENCODER − DMPX(77). See instruction set 4−TO−16 DECODER − MLPX(76). See instruction set A ADD(30). See instruction set Always ON/OFF flags. See data areas Analog Timer Unit. See instruction set AND. See instruction set AND LD.
Index 216 reading and clearing messages, 162 SR area flags, 164 F F actory Intelligent T erminal. See Peripheral Devices First Cycle Flag. See instruction set FIT . See Peripheral Devices flags execution affect, 69 usage, 10 Floppy Disk Interface Unit.
Index 217 IR area. See data areas J JME(05). See instruction set JMP(04). See instruction set JUMP − JMP(04). See instruction set JUMP END − JME(05).
Index 218 PROM W riter. See P eripheral Devices R RDM(60). See instruction set restore. See cassette tape operation RET(93). See instruction set RETURN − RET(93). See instruction set REVERSIBLE COUNTER − CNTR(12). See instruc tion set REVERSIBLE DRUM COUNTER − RDM(60).
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Omron C40K è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Omron C40K - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Omron C40K imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Omron C40K ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Omron C40K, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Omron C40K.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Omron C40K. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Omron C40K insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
