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DAQ M Series NI 6232/6233 User Manual NI 6232/6233 User Manual July 2006 371995A-01.
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Important Information Warranty The NI 6232/6233 is warranted against defects in materi als a nd workmanship for a period of three years from the date o f ship ment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentati on. National Instruments wil l, at its option, repair or replace equipment that proves to be defect ive during the warranty period.
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© National Instruments Corporation vii NI 6232/6233 User Manual Contents About This Manual Conventions ............ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .... x v Related Documentation .
Contents NI 6232/6233 User Manual viii ni.com Chapter 3 Connector Information I/O Connector Signal Descriptions .................. .............. ................. .............. .............. ... 3-1 RTSI Connector Pinout ............... ...........
Contents © National Instruments Corporation ix NI 6232/6233 User Manual Using an External Source ...................... .............. .............. .............. .. 4-23 Routing AI Sa mple Clock Signal to an Output Terminal ................. 4-23 Other Timing Requirements.
Contents NI 6232/6233 User Manual x ni.com AO Sample Clock Signal ............... .............. ................. .............. .............. ...... 5-8 Using an Internal Source .... .............. .............. .............. .............. .....
Contents © National Instruments Corporation xi NI 6232/6233 User Manual Position Measurement ............. ........................................................ ................ 7- 16 Measurements Using Quadrature Encoders .................... ...
Contents NI 6232/6233 User Manual xii ni.com Prescaling ............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ...... 7-34 Duplicate Count Prevention ................ .............. ............... ...
Contents © National Instruments Corporation xiii NI 6232/6233 User Manual Using RTSI Terminals as Timing Input Sign als ............... .............. .............. .. 10-6 RTSI Filters ............... .............. .............. .............. ..
© National Instruments Corporation xv NI 6232/6233 User Manual About This Manual The NI 6232/6233 User Manual co ntains informatio n about usi ng the National Instruments 6232/623 3 M Series data acquisition (DA Q) de vices with NI-D A Qmx 8.0 and la ter .
About This Manual NI 6232/6233 User Manual xvi ni.com monospace T ext in this font denotes text or ch aracters that you should enter from the keyboard, sections of code, programming examples, and syntax examples.
About This Manual © National Instruments Corporation xvii NI 6232/6233 User Manual The NI-D AQmx for Linux Configuration Guide provi des conf iguration instructions, templates, and instructions for using test panels. Note All NI-D A Qmx documentatio n for Linux is installed at /usr/local/ natinst/nidaqmx/docs .
About This Manual NI 6232/6233 User Manual xviii ni.com • Getting St arted»Gett ing Started wi th D A Q —Includes ov ervie w information and a tutorial to learn how to take an NI-D A Qmx measurement in LabVIEW using the D A Q Assistant.
About This Manual © National Instruments Corporation xix NI 6232/6233 User Manual .NET and V isual C++ class libraries. This help collection is inte grated into the V isual Studio .NET documentation . In V isual Studio .NET , select Help»Contents . Note Y ou must ha ve V isual Studio .
© National Instruments Corporatio n 1-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 1 Getting Started M Series NI 6232/6233 devices feature sixteen analog input (AI) channels, two analog output (A O) chann els, two counters, six lines of digital input (DI), and four lines of digital outpu t (DO).
Chapter 1 Getting Started NI 6232/6233 User Manual 1-2 ni.com Device Specifications Refer to the NI 6232/6233 Specifications , av ailable on the NI-D A Q Device Document Br o wser or ni.com/manuals , fo r more detailed inf ormation on the NI 6232/6233 device.
© National Instruments Corporatio n 2-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 2 DAQ System Over view Figure 2-1 sho w s a typical D A Q sy st em, which includes sensors, transducers, cables that connect the various de vices to the accessories, the M Series de vi ce, programming software, and a PC.
Chapter 2 DAQ System Over view NI 6232/6233 User Manual 2-2 ni.com Figure 2-2. General NI 6232/62 33 Block Diagram DAQ-STC2 The D A Q-STC 2 implements a high-performan ce digital engine for NI 6 232/6233 data acquisit ion hardware.
Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview © National Instruments Corporatio n 2-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Calibration Circuitr y The M S eries analog inputs and outputs have calibration circuitry to correct gain and of fset errors. Y ou can calibr ate the de vice to minimize AI and A O errors caused by time and temperatur e drift at run time.
Chapter 2 DAQ System Over view NI 6232/6233 User Manual 2-4 ni.com Cables and Accessories NI offers a v ariety of produ cts to use with NI 6232/6233 devices, including cables, connector blocks, and ot.
Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview © National Instruments Corporatio n 2-5 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Programming Devices in Software National Instruments measurement de vices are packaged with NI-D A Q dri.
© National Instruments Corporatio n 3-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 3 Connector Information The I/O Connector Si gnal Descriptions and RTSI Connector Pinou t sections contain information on M Series connectors. Refer to Appendix A, Device-Specific In formation , for device I/O connector pinouts.
Chapter 3 Connector Information NI 6232/6233 User Manual 3-2 ni.com A O GND — — Analog Output Ground —A O GND is t he refere nce for A O <0..1>. AI GND and A O GND are connected on the dev ice. Note: AI GND and AO GND are isolated from earth ground, chassis ground, P0.
Chapter 3 Connector Information © National Instruments Corporatio n 3-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual R TSI Connector Pinout Refer to the RTSI Connector Pinout section of Chapter 10, Digital Routing and Clock Generation , for information on the R TSI connector .
© National Instruments Corporatio n 4-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4 Analog Input Figure 4-1 shows the analog in put circuitry o f NI 6232/6233 devices. Figure 4-1. NI 6232/6233 Analog Input Cir cuitry Analog Input Circuitr y I/O Connector Y ou can connect analog input signals to the M Series device through the I/O connector .
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-2 ni.com Ground-Reference Settings The analog input ground-reference settings circu itry selects between differential and referenced single-ende d modes.
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporatio n 4-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 16-bit ADC con verts analog inputs into one of 65,536 (= 2 16 ) codes—that is, one of 65,536 possibl e digital valu es. These v alues are spread fairly ev enly acro ss the input range.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-4 ni.com The AI gr ound-re fer en ce setting determines how you should con nect your AI signals to the NI 6232/6233 device. Refer to the Connecting Analog Voltage Input Signals section fo r more information.
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporatio n 4-5 NI 6232/6233 User Manual T able 4 -3 shows how signals are routed to the NI-PGIA. For dif ferential measurements, AI 0 and AI 8 are the posi tiv e and negativ e inputs of dif f erential analog input ch annel 0.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-6 ni.com Figure 4-3. Enabling Multimode Scanning in LabVIEW Multichannel Scanning Considerations M Series de vices can scan multiple chan nels at high rate s and digitize the signals accurately .
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporatio n 4-7 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Settling times increase when scanning high-im pedance signals due to a phenomenon called charge injection. Multiplexers contain switches, usually made of switched capacitors.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-8 ni.com 1/50 LSB) of the ±10 V range. Some de vices can take many microseconds for the circuitry to settle this mu ch. T o avoid this ef fect, you should arrange you r channel scanning ord er so that transitions from large to small input ranges are infrequent.
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporatio n 4-9 NI 6232/6233 User Manual A void Scanning Faster Than Necessar y Designing your system to scan at s l ower speeds gi ves the PGIA more time to settle to a more accurate le vel. Here are two e xamples to consider .
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-10 ni.com each ADC con version. In NI-D A Q mx , software-timed acquisitions are referred to as having on-demand timi ng. Software-timed acquisitions are also referred to as immediate or static acquisitio ns and are typically used for reading a single sample of data.
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporation 4-11 NI 6232/6233 User Manual be transferred to host memory . The device generates an error in this case.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-12 ni.com Refer to the Analog Input Ground-Reference Setti ngs section for descriptions of DIFF and RSE modes. T ypes of Signal Sources When configuring the input channels and maki ng signal connections, first determine whether the signal sources are floating or ground-referenced.
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporation 4-13 NI 6232/6233 User Manual two reference planes. Isolated front ends require a ground-reference point to the signal that is being measured.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-14 ni.com Use DIFF input connections fo r any cha nnel that meets any of the following conditions: • The input signal is low le vel (less than 1 V). • The leads connecting the signal to the de vice are greater than 3 m (10 ft).
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporation 4-15 NI 6232/6233 User Manual W ith th is type of connection, the PGIA rejects both the common -mode noise in the si gnal and the gro und potential difference between the signal source and the de vice ground, shown as V cm in the figure.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-16 ni.com Figure 4-5. Differential Connections fo r Floating Signal Sources This figure sho ws AI GND connected to the ground reference point for the floating signal source.
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporation 4-17 NI 6232/6233 User Manual signal connects to the positive input of the PGIA, and the ground connects to the negativ e input of the PGIA. Y ou shou ld only use single-ended input connections if the input si gnal meets the following conditions.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-18 ni.com Figure 4-6. Single-Ended Connections for Fl oating Signal Sour ces (RSE Configuration) Refer to the NI 6232/623 3 Specifications for the usable range of V cm .
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporation 4-19 NI 6232/6233 User Manual • Use individually shielded, twisted-pair wires to connect AI signals to the device. W ith this type of wire, the signals attached to the positive and negati ve input channels are twisted together and then cov ered with a shield.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-20 ni.com 1/Sample Period = Samp le Rate Figure 4-8. Int erval Sampling ai/Con vertClock control s the Con vert Period, which is determ ined by the f.
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporation 4-21 NI 6232/6233 User Manual the PCI-6220 M Series device, a sampling rate of 40 kHz for two channels would result in a Con vert Clock rate of 80 kHz. Maximum settling time for the amplifier is also very important.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-22 ni.com Figure 4-10. Pretriggered Data Acquisition Example If an ai/ReferenceT rigger pulse occurs before the specified number of pretrigger samples are acquired, the trigger pulse is ignored.
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporation 4-23 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Using an Inte rnal Source One of the follo wing internal signals can dri ve ai/SampleClock.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-24 ni.com A counter on y our device internally generates ai/SampleClock unless you select some external source. ai/StartT rigger starts this counter and either software or hardware can stop it when a f inite acquisition completes.
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporation 4-25 NI 6232/6233 User Manual sources for ai/SampleClock. Y ou can c onfigure the polarity select ion for ai/SampleClockT imebase as ei ther rising or falling edge.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-26 ni.com Using an External Source Use one of the f ollowing external sign als as the source of ai/Con vertClock: • Input PFI <0.
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporation 4-27 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Other Timing Requirements The sample and con version lev el timing of M Series de vices work such that clock signals are gated of f unless the proper timing requir ements are met.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-28 ni.com ai/Con vertClockT imebase is not av a ilable as an output on the I/O connector . AI Hold Complete Event Signal The AI Hold Complete Event (ai/HoldCompleteEvent) signal generates a pulse after each A/D con version begins.
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporation 4-29 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Y ou also can specif y whether the measurement acquisitio n begins on the rising edge or falling edge of ai/StartTrigger . Routing AI Start T rigger to an Output T erminal Y ou can rout e ai/StartTrigger out to any output PFI <6.
Chapter 4 Analog Inpu t NI 6232/6233 User Manual 4-30 ni.com Figure 4-14. Reference T rigger Final Buffer Using a Digital Source T o use ai/ReferenceT rigger with a di gital source, specify a source and an edge. The source can be an y of the follo wing signals: • Input PFI <0.
Chapter 4 Analog Input © National Instruments Corporation 4-31 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Using a Digital Source T o use ai/SampleClock, specify a sour ce and a polarity . The source can be any of the follo win g signals: • Input PFI <0..5> •R T S I < 0 .
© National Instruments Corporatio n 5-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 5 Analog Output NI 6 232/6233 devices hav e two A O channels that are co ntrolled by a single clock and are capable of wav eform generatio n. Figure 5-1 shows the analog output circuitry of NI 6232/6233 devices.
Chapter 5 Analog Output NI 6232/6233 User Manual 5-2 ni.com D ACs. It allows you to do wnload the points of a wa veform to your M Series device without host computer interaction. AO Sample Clock The A O Sample Clock signal reads a sample from the D A C FIFO and generates the A O voltage.
Chapter 5 Analog Output © National Instruments Corporatio n 5-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Hardware-Ti med Generations W ith a hard ware-timed generation, a di gital hardware signal controls the rate of the generation. This signal can be generated internally on your device or pro vided externally .
Chapter 5 Analog Output NI 6232/6233 User Manual 5-4 ni.com Regeneration is the repetition of the data that is already in the buf fer . Standard regeneration is when data from the PC b uffer is continually downloaded to the FIFO to be written out. New data can be written to the PC buf fer at any time without disru pting the ou tput.
Chapter 5 Analog Output © National Instruments Corporatio n 5-5 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Figure 5-2. An alog Output Connections Analog Output T iming Signals Figure 5-3 summarizes all of the timi ng options provided by the analog output timing eng ine.
Chapter 5 Analog Output NI 6232/6233 User Manual 5-6 ni.com Figure 5-3. Analog Output T iming Options NI 6232/6233 devices feature the following A O (wa veform generation) timing signals.
Chapter 5 Analog Output © National Instruments Corporatio n 5-7 NI 6232/6233 User Manual The source also can be one of several internal signals on your D A Q device. Refer to Device Routing in MAX in the NI-D A Qmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help for more i nformation.
Chapter 5 Analog Output NI 6232/6233 User Manual 5-8 ni.com deasserted and another edge of the sa mple clock is recei ved, as shown in Figure 5-5. Figure 5-5. ao/PauseT rigger with Other Signal Sour ce Using a Digital Source T o use ao/PauseT rigger, specify a source and a polarity .
Chapter 5 Analog Output © National Instruments Corporatio n 5-9 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Using an Inte rnal Source One of the follo wing internal signals can dri ve ao/SampleClock. • A O Sample Clock Timebase (di vided down) • Counter n Internal Output A programmable internal counter divides do wn the A O Sample Clock T imebase signal.
Chapter 5 Analog Output NI 6232/6233 User Manual 5-10 ni.com Figure 5-6. ao/SampleC lock an d ao/StartT rigger AO Sample Clock T imebase Signal The A O Sample Clock Timebase (ao/SampleClockT imebase) signal is di vided down to pro vide a source for ao/SampleClock.
Chapter 5 Analog Output © National Instruments Corporation 5-11 NI 6232/6233 User Manual • Finite gener ation • Continuous generation • W aveform generation Y ou can perform th ese generations through program med I/O, interrupt, or DMA data transfer mechanisms.
© National Instruments Corporatio n 6-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 6 Digital Input and Output NI 6232/6233 devices hav e six static digita l input lines, P0.
Chapter 6 Digital Input and Output NI 6232/6233 User Manual 6-2 ni.com Connecting Digital I/O Signals The DI signals P0.<0..5> are referenced to P0.GND and DO signals P1.<0..3> are referenced to P1.GND. Figures 6 -1 and 6-2 show P0.<0..
Chapter 6 Digital Input and Output © National Instruments Corporatio n 6-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Figure 6-2. NI 6233 Digital I/O Co nnections (DO Sink) Caution Exceeding the maximum input voltage or maximum working v oltage ratings, which are listed in the NI 6232/6233 Specifications , can damage the D A Q device and the computer .
Chapter 6 Digital Input and Output NI 6232/6233 User Manual 6-4 ni.com Getting Started with DIO Applications in Software Y ou can use NI 6232/6233 devices in the follo wing digi tal I/O applications: .
© National Instruments Corporatio n 7-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7 Counters NI 6 232/6233 devices hav e two general-purpose 32-bi t counter/timers and one frequency generator , as shown in Figure 7-1. The general-purpose counter/timers can be used for many measurement and pulse generation applications.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-2 ni.com Figure 7-1. M Series Counters The counters have se ven input signals, although in most applications onl y a fe w inputs are used. For information on connecting co unter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporatio n 7-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Counter Input Applications Counting Edges In edge counting appl ications, the co unter counts edges on its Source after the counter is armed. Y ou can conf igure the counter to count risi ng or falling edges on its Source input.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-4 ni.com Figure 7-3. Single Point (On-Demand) Edge Counting with Pause T rigger Buffered (Sample Clock) Edge Counting W ith buffered edge counting (edge counting using a sample clock), the counter counts the nu mber of edges on the Source input after the counter is armed.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporatio n 7-5 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Non-Cumulative Buffe red Edge Counting Non-cumulativ e edge counting is similar to buf f ered (sample clock) edge counting. Ho wev er, the counter resets after each acti ve edge of the Sample Clock.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-6 ni.com Pulse-Width Measurement In pulse-width measuremen ts, the counter measures the width of a pulse on its Gate input signal. Y ou can configur e the counter to measure the width of high pulses or low pulses on the Gate signal.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporatio n 7-7 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Buffered Pulse-Width Measurement Buffered pulse-width measurement is similar to single pulse-width measurement, b ut buf fered pulse-wi dth measurement ta kes measurements ov er multiple pulses.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-8 ni.com of rising (or falling) edges occurring on the Source input between the two acti ve edges of the Gate signal. Y ou can calculate the period of the Gate input by multiplying the perio d of the Source signal by the number of edges returned by the counter .
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporatio n 7-9 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Figure 7-9. Buffered Period Measu rement Note that if you are using an external signal as the Source, at least one Source pulse should occu r between each acti ve edge of the Gate signal.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-10 ni.com Buffered Semi-Period Measurement In b uffered semi-period measurement, on each edge of the Gate signal, the counter stores the count in a hardware sa ve register . A DMA con troller transfers the stored v a lues to host memory .
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-11 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Y ou can route the signal to measure (F1) to the Gate of a counter . Y ou can route a kno wn timebase (Ft) to th e Source of the counter . The known timebase can be 80MHzT imebase.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-12 ni.com Figure 7-12. Method 1b Method 2—Measure High Frequency with T wo Counters In this method, you measure one pul se of a known width using your signal and deri ve the frequency of your signal fr om the result.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-13 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Figure 7-13. Method 2 Method 3—Measure Large Range of Frequencies Using T wo Counters By using two counters, yo u can accurately measure a signal that might be high or low frequency .
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-14 ni.com Figure 7-14. Method 3 Then route the Counter 0 Internal Output signal to the Gate input of Counter 1. Y ou can route a signal of kno wn frequenc y (F2) to the Counter 1 Source input. F2 can be 80MHzTimebase.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-15 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Consider a frequency measurement on a 50 kHz signal using an 80 MHz T imebase. This frequency corresponds to 1600 cycles of the 80 MHz T imebase. Y our measurement may return 1600 ±1 cycles depending on the phase of the signal with respect to the timebase.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-16 ni.com For information on connecting co unter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section. Position Measurement Y ou can use the coun ters to perform position measurements with quadrature encoders or two-pulse encoders.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-17 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Figure 7-15. X1 Encoding X2 Encoding The same behavior holds for X2 encodi ng ex cept the counter increments or decrements on each edge of channel A, depending on which channel leads the other .
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-18 ni.com Channel Z behavior—when it goes high and how long it stays high—differs with quadrature encoder designs. Y ou mu st refer to the documentation for your quadrature encoder to obtain timing of channe l Z with respect to channels A and B.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-19 NI 6232/6233 User Manual For information on connecting co unter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-20 ni.com Figure 7-20. Single T wo-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement Buffered T wo-Signal Edge- Separation Measurement Buffered and single two-signal edge-sep aration measurements are similar , but b uffered measurement m easures multiple interv als.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-21 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Counter Output Applications Simple Pulse Generation Single Pulse Generation The counter can output a single pulse. The pulse appears on the Counter n Internal Output sign al of the counter .
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-22 ni.com Figure 7-23. Single Pulse Generation with Start T rigger Retriggerable Single Pulse Generation The counter can output a single pulse in response to each pulse on a hardware Start T rigger signal.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-23 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Pulse T rain Generation Continuous Pulse T rain Generation This function generates a train of pul ses with program mable frequency and duty cycle. The pulses appear on the Counter n Internal Output signal of the counter .
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-24 ni.com Frequency Generation Y ou can generate a frequency by using a counter in pulse train generation mode or by using the frequency generator circuit. Using the Frequency Generator The frequency generator can output a square wav e at many different frequencies.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-25 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Frequenc y Output can be routed out to an y output PFI <6..9> or R TSI <0.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-26 ni.com Nyquist fr equency of the system. Fi gure 7-28 shows an example of pulse generation for ETS; the delay from the tr igger to the pulse increases after each subsequent Gate acti ve edge. Figure 7-28.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-27 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Counter n Source Signal The selected edge of the Counter n Source signal increments and decrements the counter v alue dependin g on the application the counter is performing.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-28 ni.com Routing Counter n Source to an Output T erminal Y ou can ro ute Counter n Source out to any output PFI <6.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-29 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Routing a Signal to Counter n Aux Each counter has independent input selectors for the Counter n Aux sig nal. Any of the following signals can be routed to t he Counter n Aux input.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-30 ni.com Counter n HW Arm Signal The Counter n HW Arm signal enab les a counter to begin an input or out put function. T o begin any counter input or output function, you must first enable, or arm, the counter .
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-31 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Routing Counter n Internal Output to an Output Te r m i n a l Y ou can ro ute Counter n Internal Outp ut to any ou tput PFI <6..9> or R TSI <0 ..7> terminal.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-32 ni.com Y ou can use these defaults or select other sources and destin ations for the counter/timer si gnals in NI-DA Qmx.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-33 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Pause T r igger Y ou can use pause tri ggers in edge counting and continuou s pulse generation applications.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-34 ni.com The filter setting for each input can be conf igured independently . On power up, the filters are disabled. Figure 7- 29 shows an example of a lo w-to-high transition on an input that has its filter set to 125 ns (N = 5).
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-35 NI 6232/6233 User Manual prescaling on each counter (prescaling can be disabled). Each prescaler consists of a small, simple counter th at counts to eight (or two) and rolls ov er .
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-36 ni.com Figure 7-31. Duplicate Count Pr evention Example On the first rising edge of the G ate, the current count of 7 is stored. On the next rising edge of the Gate, the counter stores a 2 since two Source pulses occurred after the pre vious rising edge of Gate.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-37 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Figure 7-32. Duplicate Count Example Example Application That Pr events Duplicate Count W ith duplicate count prevention enabled, the counter synchronizes both th e Source and Gate signals to the 80 MHz T imeb ase.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-38 ni.com Normally , the counter value and Counter n Internal Output signals change synchronously to the Source signal. W ith duplicate count prev ention, the counter value and Counter n Internal Output signals change synchronously to the 80 MHz T i mebase.
Chapter 7 Counters © National Instruments Corporation 7-39 NI 6232/6233 User Manual In D A Qmx, the device uses 80 MHz sour ce mode if the user performs the following: • Performs a position measurement • Selects duplicate count prev ention Otherwise, the mode depends on the signal that drives Counter n Source.
Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-40 ni.com Other Internal Source Mode In other internal source mode, the de vice synchronizes signals on the falling edge of the source, and counts on the following rising edge of the source, as shown in Figure 7-35.
© National Instruments Corporatio n 8-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 8 PFI NI 6232/6233 devices ha ve 10 Programmable Function Interface (PFI) signals—six input si gnals and four outpu t signals. Each PFI <0..5>/P0.<0..5> can be configured as a timing input signal for AI or counter/timer functions or a st atic digital input.
Chapter 8 PFI NI 6232/6233 User Manual 8-2 ni.com Figure 8-2. NI 6232/6233 PFI Output Circuitry When a terminal is used as a timing input or output signal, it is called PFI x (where x is an integer from 0 to 9). When a terminal is used as a static digital input or outp ut, it is called P 0.
Chapter 8 PFI © National Instruments Corporatio n 8-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Exporting T iming Output Signals Using PFI T erminals Y ou can ro ute any of the follo wing timing signals to any PFI <6.
Chapter 8 PFI NI 6232/6233 User Manual 8-4 ni.com Figure 8-3. PFI Inpu t Signa ls Connections PFI Filters Y ou can enable a programmable debouncing filter on each PFI, R TSI, or PXI_ST AR signal. When th e filters are enabled, your de vice samples the input on each rising edge of a filter clock.
Chapter 8 PFI © National Instruments Corporatio n 8-5 NI 6232/6233 User Manual The filter setting for each input can be conf igured independently . On power up, the filters are dis abled. Figure 8- 4 sho ws an example of a lo w-to-high transition on an input that has its filter set to 125 ns (N = 5).
Chapter 8 PFI NI 6232/6233 User Manual 8-6 ni.com Consult the device specifi cations for details. Howe ver, you should avoid these fault conditions b y follo wing these guidelines. •D o not connect any digital output line to any external signal source, ground signal, or power supply .
Chapter 8 PFI © National Instruments Corporatio n 8-7 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Figure 8-5. NI 623 2 Digital I/O Connections (DO Source) P1.<0..3> P1.
Chapter 8 PFI NI 6232/6233 User Manual 8-8 ni.com Figure 8-6. NI 6233 Digital I/O Co nnections (DO Sink) Caution Exceeding the maximum input voltage or maximum working v oltage ratings, which are listed in the NI 6232/6233 Specifications , can damage the D A Q device and the computer .
© National Instruments Corporatio n 9-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 9 Isolation and Digital Isolators NI 6232/6233 devices are isolated data acquisition devices. As sho wn in Figure 9-1, the analog input, analog output, counter s, and PFI/static DIO circuitry are referenced to an isolated gr ound .
Chapter 9 Isolation and Digital Isolators NI 6232/6233 User Manual 9-2 ni.com The non-isolated ground is connected to the chassis groun d of the PC or chassis where the device is installed. The isolated ground is not connected to the chassis ground of the PC or chassis.
© National Instruments Corporation 10-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generation The digital routing circuitr y has the following three main functions. • Manages the flow of data be tween the b us interface and the acquisition/generat ion sub-systems (analog inpu t, analog output, digital I/O, and the counters).
Chapter 10 Digital Ro uting and Clock Generation NI 6232/623 3 User Manu al 10- 2 ni.com 80 MHz Timebase The 80 MHz T imebase can be used as the Source input to the 32-bit general-purpose counter/timers. The 80 MHz T ime base can be generated from either of the following.
Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generati on © National Instruments Corporation 10-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 10 MHz Reference Clock The 10 MHz reference clock can be used to synchronize other devices to your M Series de vice. The 10 MHz refere nce clock can be routed to the R TSI <0.
Chapter 10 Digital Ro uting and Clock Generation NI 6232/623 3 User Manu al 10- 4 ni.com • Share trigger signals between devices Many National Instruments D A Q, motion, vision, and CAN devices support R TSI. In a PCI system, the R TSI bus consists of the R TSI b us interface and a ribbon cable.
Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generati on © National Instruments Corporation 10-5 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Using R TSI as Outputs R TSI <0..7> are bidirectional ter minals. As an output, you can d riv e any of the following signals to any R TSI term inal.
Chapter 10 Digital Ro uting and Clock Generation NI 6232/623 3 User Manu al 10- 6 ni.com Using R TSI T erminals as T iming Input Signals Y ou can use R TSI terminals to route external timing signals to many different M S eries functions. Each R TSI terminal can be routed to any of the following signals.
Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generati on © National Instruments Corporation 10-7 NI 6232/6233 User Manual The filter setting for each input can be conf igured independently . On power up, the filters are disabl ed. Figure 10 -3 shows an e xample of a low-to-high transition on an input that has its filter set to 125 ns (N = 5).
Chapter 10 Digital Ro uting and Clock Generation NI 6232/623 3 User Manu al 10- 8 ni.com PXI Clock and T rigger Signals Note PXI clock and trigger signals are only av ailable on PX I devices.
Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generati on © National Instruments Corporation 10-9 NI 6232/6233 User Manual An M Series device is not a Star T r igger controller . An M Series device may be used in the first peripheral slot of a PXI system, but the system will not be able to use th e Star Trigger feature.
Chapter 10 Digital Ro uting and Clock Generation NI 6232/6233 User Manual 10-10 ni.com Figure 10-4. Filter Example Enabling filters introduces jitter on the input signal. For the 125 ns and 6.425 µs filter settings, the jitter is up to 25 ns. On the 2.
© National Instruments Corporation 11-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 11 Bus Interface The bus interf ace circuitry of NI 6232/6 233 devices ef ficiently mov es data between host memory and the meas urement and acquisition circuits. NI 6232/6233 devices are a vailable for the following platforms.
Chapter 11 Bus Interface NI 6232/623 3 User Manu al 11- 2 ni.com Each DMA controller supports packing and unpacking of data through the FIFOs to connect different size de vi ces and optimize PCI bus utilization and automatically handles unalig ned memory buf fers.
Chapter 11 Bus Interface © National Instruments Corporation 11-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Using PXI with CompactPCI Using PXI-compatib le products with st andard CompactPCI products is an important feature provided by PXI Har dware Specif ication Revision 2.
Chapter 11 Bus Interface NI 6232/623 3 User Manu al 11- 4 ni.com Interrupt Request (IRQ) IRQ transfers rely on the CPU to service data transfer requests. The device notifies the CPU when it is ready to tr ansfer data. The data transfer speed is tightly coupled to the rat e at which the CPU can service the inter rupt requests.
© National Instruments Corporation 12-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual 12 T riggering A trigger is a signal that caus es an action, such as starting or stopping the acquisition of data. When you configure a trigger , you must decide how you want to produce the trigger and the action you want the trigger to cause.
Chapter 12 T riggering NI 6232/623 3 User Manu al 12- 2 ni.com • Analog output generat ion • Counter be havior.
© National Instruments Corporation A-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual A Device-Specific Information This appendix contains device pinout s, specif ications, cable and accessory choices, and other information for the NI 6232 and NI 6233 MS e r i e s isolated devices.
Appendix A Device-Speci fic Information NI 6232/6233 User Manual A- 2 ni.com Figure A-1. NI 6232 Pin out Table A-1. NI 6232 Device Default NI-D AQmx Counter/T imer Pins Counter/Timer Signal Default Pin N umber (Name) Por t CTR 0 SRC 13 (PFI 0) P0.0 CTR 0 GA TE 32 (PFI 1) P0.
Appendix A Device-Specific Information © National Instruments Corporation A-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Note For more information abou t default NI-D A Qmx counter inputs, refer to Connecting Counter Signals in the NI-DA Qmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help .
Appendix A Device-Speci fic Information NI 6232/6233 User Manual A- 4 ni.com vision, and motion devices. Since PXI devices use PXI backplane signals for timing an d synchronization, no cables are required.
Appendix A Device-Specific Information © National Instruments Corporation A-5 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Figure A-2. NI 6233 Pinout Table A-2. NI 6233 Device Default NI-D AQmx Counter/T imer Pins Counter/Timer Signal Default Pin N umber (Name) Por t CTR 0 SRC 13 (PFI 0) P0.
Appendix A Device-Speci fic Information NI 6232/6233 User Manual A- 6 ni.com Note For more information abou t default NI-D A Qmx counter inputs, refer to Connecting Counter Signals in the NI-DA Qmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help . NI 6233 Specifications Refer to the NI 6233 Specifications , av ailable on the NI-D A Q De vice Document Br o wser or ni.
Appendix A Device-Specific Information © National Instruments Corporation A-7 NI 6232/6233 User Manual vision, and motion devices. Since PXI devices use PXI backplane signals for timing an d synchronization, no cables are required.
© National Instruments Corporation B-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual B T roubleshooting This section contains some common questions about M Series de vices. If your questions are not answered here, refer to the National Instrum ents KnowledgeBase at ni.com/kb .
Appendix B T roubleshooting NI 6232/6233 User Manual B- 2 ni.com reference the signal to the same ground le vel as the de vice reference. There are various methods of achie ving this reference while maintai ning a high common-mode rejectio n ratio (CMRR).
Appendix B T roubleshooting © National Instruments Corporation B-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Analog Output I am seeing glitches on the outp ut signal. Ho w can I minimize it? When you use a D AC to gene rate a wa veform, you may o bserve glitches on the output signal.
© National Instruments Corporation C-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual C T echnical Support and Professional Ser vices Visit the following sections of the National Instruments Web site at ni.com for technical support an d professional services: • Support —Online technical support resources at ni.
Appendix C T echnical Support and Professional Services NI 6232/6233 User Manual C- 2 ni.com • Calibration Certificate —If your product supports calibration, you can obtain the calibration certificate for your product at ni.com/calibration . If you searched ni.
© National Instruments Corporation G-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Glossar y Numbers/Symbols % Percent. + Positiv e of, or plus. – Negati ve of, or minus. ± Plus or minus. < Less than. > Greater than. Less than or equal to. Greater than or equal to.
Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual G-2 ni.com AI 1. Analog input. 2. Analog input channel signal. AI GND Analog input groun d signal. AI SENSE Analog input sense signal.
Glossary © National Instruments Corporation G-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual ASIC Application-specific integrated circuit—A proprietary semiconductor component designed and manufactur ed to perform a set of specific functions for a specif ic customer .
Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual G-4 ni.com cascading Process of extending the counting ra nge of a counter chip by connecting to the next higher counter . CE European emissions control standard. channel Pin or wire lead to which you apply or from which you read the analog or digital si gnal.
Glossary © National Instruments Corporation G-5 NI 6232/62 33 User Manual counter/timer A circuit that counts external pulses or clock pulses (timing).
Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual G-6 ni.com data transfer A technique for moving digital data from one system to another . Options for data transfer are DMA, interrupt, and programmed I/O. For programmed I/O transfers, the CPU in the PC reads data from the D A Q device whenev er the CPU receives a soft ware signal to ac quire a single data point.
Glossary © National Instruments Corporation G-7 NI 6232/6233 User Manual digital signal A representation of information by a set of discrete v alues according to a prescribed law . These values are represented by numbers. digital trigger A TTL lev el signal having two discrete le vels—a high and a low le vel.
Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual G-8 ni.com F FIFO First-In-F irst-Out memory buffer—A data b uffering technique that functions like a shift register where the oldest values (f irst in) come out first.
Glossary © National Instruments Corporation G-9 NI 6232/62 33 User Manual function 1. A built-in e xecution element, co mparable to an operator , function, or statement in a con v entional language.
Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual G-10 ni.com in. Inch or inches. instrument driv er A set of high-le vel software functions that controls a specif ic GPIB, VXI, or RS232 programmable instrument or a specific plug-in D A Q device.
Glossary © National Instruments Corporation G-11 NI 6232/6233 User Manual K kHz K ilohertz—A unit o f frequency; 1 kHz = 10 3 = 1,000 Hz. kS 1,000 samples. L LabVIEW A graphical programming language. LED Light-Emitting Di ode—A semicondu ctor light source.
Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual G-12 ni.com MITE MXI Interface T o Everything—A custom ASIC designed b y National Instruments that implements the PCI bu s interf ace. The MITE supports bus mastering for high-speed dat a transfers ov er the PCI bus.
Glossary © National Instruments Corporation G-13 NI 6232/6233 User Manual NI-PGIA See instrumentation am plifier . non-referenced signal sources Signal sources with voltage signals t hat are not connected to an absolute reference or system ground. Also called floatin g signal sources.
Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual G-14 ni.com power source An in strument that provides one or more sources of A C or DC power . Also known as po wer supply .
Glossary © National Instruments Corporation G-15 NI 6232/6233 User Manual R range The maximum and minimum parameters between whi ch a sensor , instrument, or device operates with a specified set of ch aracteristics. This may be a voltage range or a frequency range.
Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual G-16 ni.com scan rate Reciprocal of the scan interval. SCC Signal Conditioning Carriers—A comp act, modular form factor for signal conditioning modul es.
Glossary © National Instruments Corporatio n G-17 NI 6232/6233 User Manual software applications The programs that run on your computer and perform a specific user- oriented function, such as acco unting, program de velopment, measurement, or data acquisition.
Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual G-18 ni.com t out Output delay time. transducer A de vice that responds to a physical stimulu s (heat, light, sound, pressure, motion, flow , and so on), and produces a corresponding electrical signal. See also sensor .
Glossary © National Instruments Corporation G-19 NI 6232/6233 User Manual V m Measured voltage. V OH V olts, output high. V OL V olts, output low . V out V olts out. V s Signal source voltage. virtual channel See channel . W wa veform 1. The plot of the instantaneous ampl itude of a signal as a function of time.
© National Instruments Corporatio n I-1 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Index Symbols .NET languages documentatio n, xviii Numerics 10 MHz reference clock, 10-3 100 kHz Timebase, 10-2 20 MHz T im ebase, 10-.
Index NI 6232/6233 User Manual I-2 ni.com getting started with applications in software, 5-10 glitches on the output si gnal, 5-2 signals, 5-5 timing signals, 5-5 trigger signals, 5-4 triggering, 5-4 .
Index © National Instruments Corporatio n I-3 NI 6232/6233 User Manual for ground-ref erenced signal sources, 4-14 for non-referenced signal sources, 4-15 single-ended considerations, 4-16 single-end.
Index NI 6232/6233 User Manual I-4 ni.com data transfer methods, 11-3 changing, 11-4 DMA, 11-3 IRQ, 11-4 programmed I/O, 11-4 Declaration of Conformity (NI resources), C-1 default counter terminals, 7.
Index © National Instruments Corporatio n I-5 NI 6232/6233 User Manual F features, counter, 7-33 field wiring considerations, 4-18 fil t e r s counter, 7-33 PFI, 8-4 PXI_ST A R, 10-9 RT S I , 1 0 - 6.
Index NI 6232/6233 User Manual I-6 ni.com isolation barrier, 4-2, 5-2 isolators, 9-1 K Kno wledgeBase, C-1 L LabVIEW documentation, xvii LabW indows/CVI documentation, xviii lo w impedance sources, 4-.
Index © National Instruments Corporatio n I-7 NI 6232/6233 User Manual non-buf fered hardware-timed acquisitions, 4-11 generations, 5-3 non-cumulative buf fered edge counting, 7-5 non-referenced sign.
Index NI 6232/6233 User Manual I-8 ni.com retriggerable single pu lse generation, 7-22 routing clock, 10-1 digital, 10-1 RSE configuration, 4-16 RT S I , 1 0 - 3 connector pinout, 3-3, 10-4 fil t e r .
Index © National Instruments Corporatio n I-9 NI 6232/6233 User Manual connections, NRSE co nfiguration, 4-16 connections, RSE configuration, 4-16 software configuring AI ground-reference settings, 4.
Index NI 6232/6233 User Manual I- 10 ni.com V vol t a ge connecting analog in put signals, 4-11 connecting analog voltage, 5-4 W wa veform generation signals, 5-5 W eb resources, C-1 wiring, field, 4-.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il National Instruments NI 6232 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del National Instruments NI 6232 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso National Instruments NI 6232 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul National Instruments NI 6232 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il National Instruments NI 6232, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del National Instruments NI 6232.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il National Instruments NI 6232. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo National Instruments NI 6232 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
