Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto 5411 del fabbricante National Instruments
Vai alla pagina of 84
DAQArb TM 5411 User Manual High-Speed Arbitrary Wa veform Generator DAQArb 5411 User Manual June 1997 Edition Part Number 321558A-01 © Copyright 1997 National Instruments Corporation.
support@ natinst. com E-mail: in fo@natin st.com FTP Site: ftp.na tinst.com Web Address: http://www.n atinst.co m BBS United States: ( 512 ) 794-54 22 BBS United Kingd om: 016 35 551422 BBS Fra nce : .
Important Information Warranty The DAQArb 541 1 is warrant ed agains t defects in mat erials and wor kmans hip for a period of one year from the da te of shipment, as evid enced by receip ts or other documen tation. National Inst ruments will, at its o ption, repair or re place equipment that proves to be defective during the warranty period.
© Nationa l Instruments Corporation v DAQArb 541 1 Use r Manual Table of Cont ents About This M anual Organization of This Manual .............. ................. ................. ................. ................. ...... ix Conventions Used in This Manual.
T able of Contents DAQAr b 5411 User Manu al vi © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Chapter 4 Arb O perat ion Waveform Gen eration ....................... ................. ................. ................ ................. ........ 4-2 Update Rate .
T able of Contents © National Instru ments Corpor ation vii DAQArb 541 1 User Manua l Appendix A Specific ation s Appendix B Waveform Sa mpli ng and Int erpolation Appendix C Customer Communication Glossary Index Figures Figure 1- 1. The Relati onship between the Programming En vironment, NI-DAQ, and Your Hardware .
T able of Contents DAQAr b 5411 User Manu al viii © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Figure 4-15. Burst Trigger Mo de for DDS Mode ........................ ................. ............. 4-16 Figure 4-16. Markers as Trigg er Outputs ...........
© National Instruments Corporat ion ix DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l About This Manual The DAQArb 5 411 Use r Man ual desc ribes the featu re s, func tions, and operatio n of the DAQArb 5411. The DAQArb 5411 is a high -speed arbi tr ary wav e f or m ge nera ti n g de vice wi th pe rf orma n ce c om p ar able to standalone instrume nts.
About This Ma nual DAQArb 5411 User Manual x © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Conventions Used in This Manual The following conventions are used in this manual: < > Angle brack ets enclose the nam e of a key on the keybo ard (for e xample, <option>).
© National Instruments Corporat ion 1-1 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter describes the D AQArb 5411 , lists the option al software and optional equ ipment, and ex plains how to unpack your DAQArb 5 411. About Your DAQArb 5411 Thank you for b uying a National In struments DAQArb 5411 d evice.
Chapter 1 Int roduction DAQArb 5411 User Manual 1 - 2 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on RTSI bus triggers o n devices that use the RTSI bus or the digital trigg er on the I/O connecto r. Detail ed specificati ons of the DAQArb 54 11 devices are in Appendix A, Specifica tions .
Chap ter 1 Int rodu ction © National Instruments Corporat ion 1-3 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Software Programming Choices There ar e seve ral optio ns to choose from w hen prog ramming you r National Instrume nts DAQ hardw are. Yo u can use LabVIEW , LabWin dows/CV I, o r Virtu alBench.
Chapter 1 Int roduction DAQArb 5411 User Manual 1 - 4 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Your DA QAr b 5411 kit c ontai ns a fre e c opy of V irtua lBenc h-Arb a nd Virtual Bench-F unction Gene rator.
Chap ter 1 Int rodu ction © National Instruments Corporat ion 1-5 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Optional Equipment National Instru ments offer s a v ari ety of pr oducts to u se with your DAQArb.
Chapter 1 Int roduction DAQArb 5411 User Manual 1 - 6 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Unpacking Your devi ce is shipped in an antistatic pa ckage to prev ent electrosta tic damage to the devic e. E le ctrostatic discha rg e can dama ge seve ral com ponent s on t he d evice .
© National Instruments Corporat ion 2-1 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Chapter 2 Installation and Configuration This chap ter describe s how to install an d configur e your DAQArb 54 11. Installati on Note : You should install your driv er software before installing your hardware.
Chapter 2 Ins tallation an d Configura tion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 2 - 2 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on 8. Repla ce the cover. 9. Plug in a nd tur n o n y our c om puter. The PCI- 541 1 o r AT -5 411 is now in stalled. Hardware Configuration The D AQArb 541 1 is a fully sof tware -con figur able, Plug and Play device.
© National Instruments Corporat ion 3-1 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Chapter 3 Signal Connections This chapter descr ibes the I/O conn ectors, signal connectio ns, and digita l interfac e to the DAQArb 5411 .
Chapter 3 S ignal Conne ctions DAQArb 5411 User Manual 3 - 2 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on ARB Connector The A RB con ne ctor p rov ides the w ave form outp ut. The ma ximum output levels on this conne ctor depend on the type of load term ination.
Chapter 3 Signa l Connections © National Instruments Corporat ion 3-3 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l SYNC Co nnector The SY NC c onn ect or is a tr an sis to r-tr an s is to r-lo gi c (T TL) ve rsi on o f the sine waveform be ing generated a t the output.
Chapter 3 S ignal Conne ctions DAQArb 5411 User Manual 3 - 4 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on If no exter nal refe rence clock is available, the DAQArb 5411 will automaticall y tune the internal clock to the best accuracy possible. For more infor ma tion on PLL op eration, re fe r to Chapter 4, Arb Operation .
Chapter 3 Signa l Connections © National Instruments Corporat ion 3-5 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Figur e 3-4. DAQArb 5411 5 0-Pin Digi tal Output Connecto r Pin Assig nments Signal D escriptions Table 3-1 give s the pin name s and signal d escrip tions u sed on the DAQArb 5411 dig ital output connector.
Chapter 3 S ignal Conne ctions DAQArb 5411 User Manual 3 - 6 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on SHC50-68 50-Pin Cable Connector You can use an option al SHC50-68 50- pin to 68-pin cable for pattern generator outpu t. The cable conne c ts to the digital output connector on the DAQArb 541 1.
Chapter 3 Signa l Connections © National Instruments Corporat ion 3-7 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Note : The SHC50 -68 c onnector uses the sa me signa ls as the DAQ Arb 5411 digital output connector, s hown in Table 3- 1.
Chapter 3 S ignal Conne ctions DAQArb 5411 User Manual 3 - 8 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Power-Up and Reset Conditions When you powe r-up your compu ter, the DAQArb 5411 is in the followi.
© National Instruments Corporat ion 4-1 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Chapter 4 Arb Operation This ch apter de scribes ho w to use y our DAQAr b 5411.
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4 - 2 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on functions such as arbitrating the data buses and controlling the triggers, filters, attenuator s, clocks, PLL, RTSI switch, instruction FIFO, and direct digital synthe sizer (DD S).
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-3 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Figur e 4-2. Wavef orm Data Path Block Diagra m Update Rate On the DAQAr b 5411, t he high- speed DAC itsel f is always up dated at 80 M Hz b ut th e ma ximu m update cl ock f or wav efor m me mor y is 40 M Hz.
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4 - 4 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Waveform Si ze and Resolution The D AQArb 54 11 stores ar bitrary w avef orms in m emory a s 1 6-bit digital words. O nly the 12 most significant bits are sent to the digital filter and the DAC.
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-5 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Minimu m Bu ffer Size and Reso lution The 541 1 d evice m emory a rchite cture impose s ce rtain re strictio ns on the buffe r size an d resoluti on.
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4 - 6 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Figu re 4-4. Wave form L inking an d Loop ing Waveform Staging Figure 4-5 shows wavefor m staging in hardw are. The instruction FI FO conta ins the staging list, whic h the DAQArb 5411 sequ encer reads fo r waveform g ener ation.
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-7 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Figu re 4-5 . Wavefo rm Staging B lock Di agram Each stag e is made up of four instruction s: • Buffer nu mber —Specifies the buffe r number to be ge nerated .
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4 - 8 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Figu re 4- 6. Wavefor m Generation Process Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) Mode Direct digital synthesis (DDS) is a techniq ue for deriving , under digital control, an analog freque ncy sourc e from a single refer ence clock fre quenc y.
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-9 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l The DAQAr b 5411 uses a 32- bit, high- speed accum ulator with a looku p memory an d a 12-bit DAC for DDS-ba sed wave form generation. Figure 4-7 shows the building bloc ks for DD S-ba sed w avefor m generation.
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4- 10 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Frequency Re solutio n and Lookup M emo ry For DDS-b ased w ave for m gene ration, you must firs t load on e c ycl e of the desired waveform into the loo kup m emory.
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-11 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l If you w a nt to up date ev er y n ext samp le in loo kup mem ory a t a n integral subdiv ision, D, of the ma ximum cloc k rate, you shou ld write a n FCW value of 2 (N-L-D+1) .
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4- 12 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Figur e 4-8. Waveform Generation Trigger Sources If you need to automatically trigger the waveform generation, use software to generate the triggers. A rising TTL edge is required for external triggering.
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-13 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Figur e 4-9. Single T rigger M ode for Arb Mo de Note : You can settle to a predefined state by making the last s tage emulate that state.
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4- 14 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on You ca n use con tinu ous trigg er mode with the bo th the Ar b a nd D DS waveform generation mo des, .
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-15 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Figur e 4-13. Ste pped Tr igger M ode fo r Arb Mode After any stage has been generated completely, the first eight samples of the next stage ar e repeated co ntinuo usly until the n ext trigger is recei ved.
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4- 16 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Figur e 4-14 . Burs t Trig ger Mode f or Ar b Mode • DDS mode—Figure 4-15 illustrates a burst trigger mode of operation for DDS mod e. The switc hing from one stage to the other stage is phase c ontinuous.
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-17 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Note : The marker is ge nerate d for eight upda te cloc ks and the plac emen t resolution of the marker is ±4 sam ples.
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4- 18 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Note : Marker ou tput signals are a n important feature to trigg er othe r instruments or devices at a specified time while a waveform generation is in progress.
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-19 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l output. T d3 is the time between the marker output and Arb output. T d4 is the pulse width on mar ker o utput. Ref er to Appe ndix A, Specifications, for more in format ion on the se timing pa rameters .
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4- 20 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Figu re 4-19. Output Attenuation Chain By attenua ting the ou tput sig nal, y ou keep the d yna mic r .
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-21 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Output Ena ble You can switc h off the wav eform gene ration at the output c onnector b y controlling the output enable r elay, as shown in Figure 4-17.
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4- 22 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Phase-Locked Loops Figure 4-20 illustra tes the block diag ram for the DAQAr b 5411 PLL circuit. The PLL consists of a voltage controlled crystal oscillator (VCXO) with a tunin g rang e of ±1 00 ppm .
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-23 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Master/Sl ave Operation The DAQAr b may be ph ase locked t o other dev ices or ot her DAQArb devices in e ither o f two w ays, as sho wn in Figur e 4-21.
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4- 24 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Example 2, sh own in Figu re 4- 21b , shows an exte rnal d evice as th e master. T o phase l ock the DAQArb dev ices to thi s master perform the following steps: 1.
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-25 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Figu re 4-22. A nalog Fil ter Correct ion Note : You can change the filter frequenc y correction at any time during waveform generation.
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4- 26 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Figure 4-23. Dig ital Pattern Gene rator Data Path You can enab le or disable digital patter n generation through softw are. All linking and looping capabilities are available for digital patte rn generatio n, as w ell.
Chap ter 4 Ar b Op eratio n © National Instruments Corporat ion 4-27 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l The sample clock for integral subd ivisions of 40 MH z will always have a hig h pulse wi dth of 25 ns.
Chapte r 4 Arb Op erat ion DAQArb 5411 User Manual 4- 28 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on The SYN C ou tput g ener ated on the D AQAr b 5 411 c an b e rou ted to other boar ds through a ny of the RTSI bus trig ger lines.You c an use this signal to provide other boards with an ac curate a nd fine frequenc y reso luti on cloc k.
© Nationa l Instruments Corporation A-1 D AQArb 541 1 User Ma nual Appendix A Specifications This appendix lis ts the specifications of the DAQArb 5411. These specifications are typical at 25° C unless otherwise stated. The operating temperature rang e is 0° to 50° C .
Appendix A S pecifica tions DAQArb 54 11 User Manual A- 2 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Output att enua t ion ...... .. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .... .. . 0 to 7 3 d B Resolu tio n . .. .. .... .. .. .... .. ..... .. .. .... .. . 0.001 dB st eps Pre-att enuation off set Range .
Appendix A Spec ifications © Nationa l Instruments Corporation A-3 D AQArb 541 1 User Ma nual Anal og Type .......... ........ ........ ....... ........ ....7th-order L-C low- pass filter Passb an d ri pple .... .... ... .... .. .. .... .. .. . ±2 d B Waveform Specif ication s Memory Arb mo de .
Appendix A S pecifica tions DAQArb 54 11 User Manual A- 4 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Triggers Digi tal Trigge r Compatibility ... .................. ............... TTL Respo nse ........ ...... ...... ...... ..... ...... ...... Rising edge Pulse width (T d1 ) .
Appendix A Spec ifications © Nationa l Instruments Corporation A-5 D AQArb 541 1 User Ma nual Mark er O utpu t Types .. ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ...... ...... ......TTL Locatio n ........ ...... ...... ...... ..... ...... ...... ..User defi ned, one pe r stag e Pulse width (T d4 ) .
Appendix A S pecifica tions DAQArb 54 11 User Manual A- 6 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Extern al Clock Ref erence Input Frequ ency ..... ...... ...... ...... ..... ...... ...... .. 1 MHz or 5–2 0 MHz in 1 MHz steps Ampli tude .. .... ...
© Nationa l Instruments Corporation B-1 D AQArb 541 1 User Ma nual Appendix B Waveform Sampling and Interpolation This append ix describe s the basics o f waveform sam pling and interpolation.
Appendix B Wavef orm Sampling and Interp olation DAQArb 54 11 User Manual B- 2 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on To ease th e re qu irem ents of th e analog f ilter an d to ge t m ore outpu t b.
© Nationa l Instruments Corporation C-1 D AQArb 541 1 User Ma nual Appendix C Customer Communication For yo ur convenience, t his append ix contain s forms t o help you gather the inf ormatio n necessary to help us solve you r technical problems and a form you can use to commen t on the pro duct documentation.
Fax-on- Demand is a 2 4-hour inf ormation retr ieval syst em containing a library of d ocuments on a wide range of tech nical information. You can access Fax-on-Demand fro m a touch-tone telephone at (512 ) 418-1111 .
Technical Support Form Photocopy this fo rm and u pdate it each time y ou make ch anges to you r software or h ardware, and use the completed copy of this form as a reference for your current configu r ation.
DAQArb 5411 Hardware and Software Configuration Form Record the settings and revisions of your h ardware and software on the line to the right of each item. Complete a new copy of this form each time you revi se your software or hardware conf iguration, and use this form as a reference for your current configur ation.
Documentation Comment Form National Instrum ents encourages you to commen t on the do cumentatio n supplie d with our prod ucts. This information hel ps us provide quality products to meet you r needs.
© Nationa l Instruments Corporation G-1 DAQ Arb 5411 Use r Manual Glossary Numbers/Symbols % perce nt + positive of, or plus - negat ive of , or m inus ±p l u s o r m i n u s /p e r °d e g r e e .
Gloss ar y DAQAr b 5411 User Manu al G- 2 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on A A amper es AC alternating current AMM advance d memor y module— used fo r storin g wavefo rm buf fers fo r the Arb mode of wavefor m genera tion. Th e standard A MM size is 2,000,00 0 16-b it sa mples.
Glossary © Nationa l Instruments Corporation G-3 DAQ Arb 5411 Use r Manual buffer lo opin g repeating t he sam e buf fer in th e wa vefo rm m em ory .
Gloss ar y DAQAr b 5411 User Manu al G- 4 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on DAQ data acquisition—(1) collecting and measuring el ectrical signals from sensors, tran sducers, and test probes o.
Glossary © Nationa l Instruments Corporation G-5 DAQ Arb 5411 Use r Manual E EEPROM elec tric all y erasab le p ro g ra mm abl e rea d -o n ly m em o ry —R OM th at can be erased with an electrica .
Gloss ar y DAQAr b 5411 User Manu al G- 6 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on H h hour hardwar e the physic al components of a co mputer system, suc h as the circuit boards, p lug-in boa rds, c h.
Glossary © Nationa l Instruments Corporation G-7 DAQ Arb 5411 Use r Manual Kword 1,024 word s of memor y L LabVIEW laboratory v irtua l instru ment e ng ineerin g wor kbe nch latch a digital device t.
Gloss ar y DAQAr b 5411 User Manu al G- 8 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on Mbytes/s a unit for data transfer that means 1 million or 10 6 byte s/s MIPS million instructions per second—the un.
Glossary © Nationa l Instruments Corporation G-9 DAQ Arb 5411 Use r Manual P PA<0..15> digital pattern ge nerator outputs passband the range of fr eq ue ncies wh ich a devic e c an prop er ly p.
Gloss ar y DAQArb 5 411 U ser M anual G-10 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on protoc ol the exac t sequence of bits, charac ters, and control codes used to tra nsfer data betwee n computers an d.
Glossary © Nationa l Instruments Corporation G-11 DAQ Arb 5411 Us er Manual Shannon’s Sampling a law of sam pling theo ry stating that if a c ontinuous ban dwidth-limited Theo rem signal contains n.
Gloss ar y DAQArb 5 411 U ser M anual G-12 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on U update rate the rate at which a DAC is updated V V volts VCXO voltage controlled crystal oscillator VI virtual ins.
© National Instruments Corporat ion I-1 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l Index Numb ers +5V signal (table), 3- 7 A analog filter correction, 4-24 to 4-25 analog out put, 4-18 to 4-21 analog o utput.
Index DAQArb 5411 User Manual I -2 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on phase-locked loops, 4- 22 to 4-24 architecture (figur e), 4-22 master/slave operatio n, 4 -23 to 4-24 RTSI tr igger lines , .
Inde x © National Instruments Corporat ion I-3 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l freque ncy hopping and sweeping, 4 -11 frequ ency in st ru ctio n, 4-9 freque ncy resolut ion, 4-10 to 4-11 looku p m.
Index DAQArb 5411 User Manual I -4 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on mechanical specifications, A-6 memory, wavef orm. See waveform memory. memory modu le, installing , 2-2 minimu m buf fer siz.
Inde x © National Instruments Corporat ion I-5 DA Q A rb 5 41 1 Us e r M a nu a l mechanical, A-6 opera tional mode s, A- 4 sine spectral purity , A-2 SYNC out, A-4 timing I/O, A-3 triggers digi tal .
Index DAQArb 5411 User Manual I -6 © Natio nal In strume nts Corp orati on waveform gen eration process (figur e), 4-8 waveform stag ing, 4-6 to 4-7 waveform memo ry Arb m od e, 4- 3 architecture (fi.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il National Instruments 5411 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del National Instruments 5411 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso National Instruments 5411 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul National Instruments 5411 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il National Instruments 5411, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del National Instruments 5411.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il National Instruments 5411. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo National Instruments 5411 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
