Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto MultiRam C del fabbricante Apple
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(c) Copyright 1985 by Checkmate Technology, Inc. All rights reserved Port #MR8005—1 AceCalc, MagiCalc and Magic Office are the trademarks of Artsci. Inc. Apple is the registered trademark of Apple Computer, lnc. Apple Pascal, AppleWorks, FID, DOS 3.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface — How To Use This Manual ................................................ v GETTING STARTED Chapter 1 — Introduction ............................................................... 1.1 Features ...........................
ii USING THE MULTIRAM C CARD Chapter 4 — AppleWorks and the MultiRam C Card ................................... 4.1 AppleWorks Configuration ...................................................... 4.1 AppleWorks Restrictions .........................
iii Programming Tips ............................. 5.9 ProDOS Updates .............................. 5.9 Other Ram Disk Software ............................ 5.9 Chapter 6 — Hardware & Software Compatibility ..... 6.1 Hardware ..................
V Preface HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL This manual is divided into four parts. Part 1 GETTING STARTED, should be read first by everyone. Chapter 1 summarizes MultiRam C’s features and minimum hardware requirements. Chapter 2 gives step—by—step instructions for installing MultiRam C and adding memory to the card.
Part 1 GETTING STARTED Getting Started describes the MultiRam C Card’s features and instructs you in installing and testing the card..
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION The MultiRam (tm) C Card is an expandable memory card for the Apple //c that brings great power and versatility to your Apple. MultiRam C’s memory is expandable from 256K to 512K.
1.2 INTRODUCTION FEATURES MultiRam C offers many standard and optional features. MultiRam C’s flexibility insures your Apple //c of a long, productive life. Standard Features The MultiRam C package comes with these standard features: — Two banks of sockets to add up to 512K to the Apple //c.
INTRODUCTION 1.3 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS The minimum equipment requirements to use MultiRam C are: — An Apple //c computer. MultiRam C will not work iN an Apple //e or in the Apple II, II+ or Apple II+ compatible computers. — A monitor suitable for 80 column display.
2.1 Chapter 2 INSTALLATION This chapter contains all the information you will need to install your MultiRam C Card. Package Contents, card care instructions, a physical description, and instructions for RAM additions and card installation are covered.
2.2 INSTALLATION Never insert your card into or remove it tram the computer while the Apple’s power is on. You may damage the card, the Apple, and other devices attached to the Apple.
INSTALLATION 2.3 MMU 65C02 CPU SPEAKER CONNECTOR PORT RAM BANK A RAM BANK B FIGURE 2.1.
2.4 INSTALLATION The posts on the bottom of the card are installed at the factory. These posts help level and support the card. The holes at the top of the card are to add keyboard support posts. These posts need to be installed by you before inserting the card into the computer.
INSTALLATION 2.5 Original Ram Each MultiRam C Card is shipped with a minimum of 256K in Bank A, which means Bank A should have a full set of eight 256K RAM chips. Your MultiRam C Card may contain RAM in other banks as your dealer may have ordered the card with more memory or say have installed his own RAM chips.
2.6 INSTALLATION Installation Procedure To install a set of RAM chips lay MultiRam C down on a table with the socket side up. The eight sockets of Bank A will be at the top left end (see Figure 2.1); there should already be a set of 256K RAM installed in that bank.
INSTALLATION 2.7 INSTALLING THE MULTIRAM C CARD The following step—by—step instructions will allow you to easily install and test the MultiRam C Card in your Apple //c . You should carefully read over all of the instructions before proceeding with installation.
2.8 INSTALLATION Make a backup copy of the reverse side of the MultiRam disk, the Utility side of the disk containing a RAM test program. Use COPYA or the ProDOS Filer contained on the Utility side of the MultiRam disk to make the copy. Refer to your Apple manual for information on the copy process if you are unfamiliar with disk copying.
INSTALLATION 2.9 FIGURE 2.2 FIGURE 2.3 CASE SCREWS CASE SCREWS.
2.10 INSTALLATION Insert the tip of a small screwdriver (or thin flat blade like a butter knife) between the outside case and the back panel at point A identified in Figure 2.3. Pry out the back panel until the tab pops free of the notch in the Hr case.
INSTALLATTON 2.11 FIGURE 2.6 FIGURE 2.5.
2.12 INSTALLATION 5. Turn the //c around so that the keyboard end now faces you. The //c should now resemble Figure 2.7. 6. Lift up the front end of the keyboard and pull the keyboard slightly towards you. This will remove the keyboard from the slots in the disk drive case (identified in Figure 2.
INSTALLATTON 2.13 FIGURE 2.8 KEYBOARD BRACE MMU CPU SPEAKER CONNECTOR RETAINING PIN.
2.14 INSTALLATION 8. Pull off the speaker ConnecTOR from the speaker pins underneath the connector. The speaker connector is identified in Figure 2.8. 9. Remove the CPU and MMU from the motherboard. These components are identified in Figure 2.8. Using a small metal spoon, as Figure 2.
INSTALLATION 2.15 FIGURE 2.10 FIGURE 2.11.
2.16 INSTALLATION 3. Remove the protective foam from the connecting pins on the bottom of the card. The card should now look like Figure 2.12 and is reedy for insertion into the // c motherboard. Inserting The Card 1. Pick up the card with both hands and insert the card into the CPU and MMU motherboard sockets.
INSTALLATION 2.17 FIGURE 2.13 FIGURE 2.14.
2.18 INSTALLATION 3. Return the keyboard to its normal position on top of the keyboard support posts. The card is now ready to be tested. Testing The Card 1. Attach the video cable from your monitor to the //c. Attach the external power supply cable to the //c.
INSTALLATION 2.19 Reassembly 1. With the front of the //c facing you, insert the back of the keyboard into the restraining slits on the disk drive case.
Chapter 3 TESTING & TROUBLESHOOTING This chapter covers testing procedures you may use to check the RAM on your MultiRam C Card. This chapter should be read by everyone who has just bought and installed the MultiRam, C Card.
3.2 TESTING & TROUBLESHOOTING The bottom two lines of the screen show the keys that say be used to run testing — Pressing the Arrow keys position a flashing. solid cursor in a hot to the left of the sit applications shown. — Pressing the Return key tons the application marked by the flashing cursor.
TESTING & TROUBLESHOOTING 3.3 MultiRam C Diagnostics Version 1.0 Copyright (c) 1985 by CHECKMATE TECHNOLOGY. INC. Status Bank 1 ???k Bank 2 ???k Bank A Bank 3 ???k Group: ???k Bank 4 ???k ——.
3.4 TESTING & TROUBLESHOOTING Each socket is divided into four squares. Each socket is shown as four squares because MultiRam C can contain eight 64K auxilIary banks in its two RAM banks (Figure 3.
TESTING & TROUBLESHOOTING 3.5.
3.6 TESTING & TROUBLESHOOTING Test Results Several reasons may lie behind an appearance of a blank square or a “X” in a square. If these results are shown as the result of your testing, write down the socket number of those chips that test “bad.
TESTING & TROUBLESHOOTING 3.7 If all components are correctly seated, next check to be certain the card is firmly inserted into the CPU and MMU sockets. If the card is not making full contact in these sockets, the card will not work. Apply gentle rocking downward pressure on the card near the area of the CPU and MMU on the card.
Part 2 USING THE MULTIRAM C CARD Using MultiRam C shows you how to use MultiRam C for massive Desktop space with AppleWorks, how to use the card as a RAM fast disk drive, and describes hardware and software that you can use to enhance the usefulness of MultiRam C.
Chapter 4 APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM The MultiRam C Card releases the power locked up within AppleWorks! AppleWorks has become the best selling program for the Apple //c and //e.
4.2 APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM 1. Make backup copies of the Startup disk, Program disk, and AppleWorks memory expansion disk (the front of the MultiRam disk). For your convenience, the Filer, Apple’s ProDOS disk copy program, is included on the Utility side of the MultiRam disk (beck side) to make your backup copies.
APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM 4.3 lower right corner does not show this loss because the overlay manager does not reserve apace for all AppleWorks program segments. AppleWorks will allow data files to overwrite all but a few key program segments option two loads in during the boot.
4.4 APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM Desktop Space and File Limits AppleWorks supports a total of 12 files and 55K of memory for the Desktop. The MultiRam C modification permits the Desktop to expand to 413K.
APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM While this increase makes AppleWorks much more useful for small to medium size records, files with large record sizes (AppleWorks allows records to be as large as 1K) can exceed even MultiRam’s memory before reaching the 5,100 record limit.
4.6 APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM The actual time an action on a large file takes say be as little as half the time AppleWorks shows or as much as twice the stated time. The differences in actual versus approximate stated times will vary depending on the type of file in use and the operation called for.
APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM 4.7 The sizes AppleWorks will report for files greater then 255K will be incorrect. Figure 4.1 shows a catalog of a ProDOS hard disk subdirectory with one AppleWorks file “SAMPLE” in the directory. ProDOS reports the size of a file in blocks.
4.8 APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM General _______ Desktop space with different MultiRam C configurations: MultiRam size Total Apple Desktop size 256K 384K 229K 320K 448K 275K 512K 640K 413K Time to load/s.
APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM 4.9 cat/hard1/test TEST NAME TYPE BLOCKS MODIFIED SAMPLE ADB 621 10—JUL—85 BLOCKS FREE: 1047 BLOCKS USED: 2089 FIGURE 4.1 FIGURE 4.
4.10 APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM Word Processor Flies AppleWorks limits word processing files to 2,250 lines. This is the equivalent to 45 single—spaced, typewritten pages with standard margins. While AppleWorks supports print lines up to about 140 characters, it only displays about 74 characters on a screen line.
APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM 4.11 When working with a very large worksheet in memory, it is a good idea to leave an empty border of 2 or 3 rows or columns at the top, sides and bottom. As with the word processor, the date moving commands (Hove and Copy) won’t always operate as expected at the edges of the worksheet.
4.12 APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM To merge files 1. Load all files (in this example, files ONE, TWO, and THREE) into memory. Press [Open—Apple]+Q (Desktop index). A window will appear in the center of the screen showing the names of all the files in memory.
APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM 4.13 In our example, the destination file (ONE) is modified by the addition of another category. so that none of the data in the merged file (THREE) is lost. Further, the categories in ONE will be rearranged so that it is in the same order as THREE.
4.14 APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM Preparing for Segmentation Saving very large files does involve some planning and time when you are using standard Apple 5 1/4 inch disk drives. The first requirement for using large files and floppy disk drives is disks and lots of them.
APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM 4.15 2. Format the required number of data disks with the same volume name. From the main menu choose “5” to go to other activities and then select “5” to format a blank disk. Enter a disk name no more than 15 characters long.
4.16 APPLEWORKS & MUlTIRAM Disk: Drive 2 "SAMPLE" Escape: Save Files Press Space bar to continue 38K Avail. FIGURE 4.4 Disk: Drive 2 "SAMPLE" Escape: Save Files Press Space bar to continue 38K Avail. FIGURE 4.5 Main Menu Save Files "SAMPLE.
4.17 APPLEWORKS & MIJLTIRAM A. Normal AppleWorks File Save 1. File before resaving 2. File while saving 3. File after resaving B. Segemented File Save -— Small File 1. File before resaving 2. FIle after resaving spans two disks due to size. C. Segmented File Save -— .
4.18 APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM The MultiRam file segmenting procedure does not affect AppleWorks internal backup safeguard as long as there is room on the disk for the temporary file being saved and the old, existing file.
APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM 4.19 If the first disk you load is not the first disk in the sequence, unpredictable results can happen as only the first file contains critical information relating to the segmentation. At best, error messages that make no sense will appear.
4.20 APPLEWORKS & MULTIRAM Switching Between Files On The Desktop The multi--file Desktop is one of the beat features of AppleWorks. With only 55K of standard Desktop apace, however, it can be a nuisance to have to remove a 45K database tile from the Desktop in order to sake room for a 12k word processor document or spreadsheet.
RAM DISK EMULATION 5.1 Chapter 5 RAM DISK EMULATION The MultiRam C Card can be made to look like a high capacity disk drive to DOS 3.3, ProDOS, and Apple Pascal operating systems. After MultiRam C is setup as a RAM disk, it can be used like any disk drive except it will work many times faster since it is RAM based and has no mechanical parts.
5.2 RAM DISK EMULATION Preparing The Program The RAM disk program is on the Utilities side of your MultiRam disk. You will need to save this program to another disk as it cannot be used directly from the Utilities disk. The Utilities disk uses the ProDOS operating system.
RAM DISK EMULATION 5.3 Always end a session with the RAM disk by copying any files on the RAM disk that you wish to permanently save to a floppy disk. Programs can also be directly saved to the RAM disk from memory. Similarly, programs can be loaded into the Apple’s memory from the RAM disk.
5.4 RAM DISK EMULATION Running the preceding program will create and save a text file to disk that when EXEC’d first runs the RAM disk installation program, runs FID, and then passes values to FID so that all the files on the disk. including P10 and the RAM disk drive program, are copied to the RAM disk.
RAM DISK EMULATION 5.5 Programming Tips DOS 3.3’s Read/Write/Track/Sector routine, RWTS, can be used to directly read or write to the RAM disk. If you wish to use RWTS with the RAM disk, follow all standard protocols and do not call into RWTS; enter RWTS from the top of the routine.
5.6 RAM DISK EMULATION PRODOS RAM DISK The MULTIDRIVE.PRO program converts your MultiRam Cs memory into a fast electronic disk drive for the ProDOS operating system. The ProDOS RAM disk is recognized by ProDOS as one large ProWS volume. Specifications The MULTIDRIVE.
RAM DISK EMULATION 5.7 Using the ProDOS Filer, which is included on the Utility side of the MultiRam disk, you may transfer the MULTIDRIVE.PRO program to any ProDOS formatted disk. To run the program, simply type “MULTIDRIVE.PRO” after the disk the program is on has booted and has displayed the Applesoft “]” prompt.
5.8 RAM DISK EMULATION Transferring Files Files must be copied to end from the RAM disk using a file copier. The Filer’s “Copy Files” commend is easily used for this purpose. The “Copy a Volume” command, found under the volume commands, will not work.
RAM DISK EMULATION 5.9 First, boot the other disk you would like to run using the Control+[Open—Apple]+Reset key combination. DO NOT turn off the Apple and then turn it on again to boot the desired disk aa all files on the RAM disk will be lost. Run the desired programs from the disk you booted.
CHAPTER 6 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY MuItiRAM C’s operation can be enhanced by using other manufacturer’s hardware and software products along with it.
6.2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY Before buying a large floppy drive or hard disk drive, check to ace that all the operating systems you would like to use on your Apple (ProDOS, DOS 3.3, and Pascal) work on the drive. Further, if you use copy protected commercial software.
Part 3 PROGRAMMING THE MULTIRAM C CARD Programming the MultiRam C card explains how to use the //c’s standard auxiliary memory and how to manage multiple auxiliary bank addressing for the MultiRam C Card.
chapter 7 PROGRAMMING AUXILIARY MEMORY MultiRam C’s memory is addressed by The Apple as standard auxiliary memory. Therefore, when any 64K bank of the MultiRam cards memory has been switched into place as active auxiliary memory, standard auxiliary memory addressing techniques can be used to access MultiRam C memory.
7.2 PROGRAMMING AUXILIARY MEMORY BANK SWITCHING Because the 65C02 can address only 64K of memory at one time, in order to utilize the I/c’s auxiliary memory, the computer must switch between the 64K RAM of the main memory and the 64K of auxiliary memory.
PROGRAMMING AUXILIARY MEMORY 7.3 Table 8.1 Soft switches Switch Location Function Name Hex Decimal ------ ----- ------- ---------------------------------- RAMRD $C013 49171 Read RAMRD switch $C002 49154 OFF: Read Main 48K ($0200—$BFFF) $COO3 49155 ON: Read Aux.
7.4 PROGRAMING AUXILIARY MEMORY AUXMOVE AND XFER No built—in assembly language subroutines may be used to transfer data and program control between main memory and auxiliary memory. These are AUXMOVE (starting location $C311) and XFER ($C314). AUXMOVE is used to move blocks of data between main and auxiliary memory.
Chapter 8 AUXILIARY MEMORY MANAGEMENT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The MultiRam C Card can contain up to 512K of memory. The Apple //c’s 65C02 processor can use this memory as eight banks of ordinary 64K auxiliary memory.
8.2 AUXILIARY MEMORY MANAGEMENT A $0 written to $C07X selects the //c’s own auxiliary 64K memory. Values $9 to sET written to $C07X also select auxiliary hank $0. Under program control, the last 64K bank selected will remain enabled as auxiliary memory until another bank is selected.
AUXILIARY MEMORY MANAGEMENT 8.3 Figure 8.1 MultiRam C Auxiliary Memory bank Selection Figure 82 MultiRam C Auxiliary Memory Bank Selection Store Bank Number e.
8.4 AUXILIARY MEMORY MANAGEMENT Initializing The Card When the Apple is first booted from a cold start, auxiliary bank 0 (zero) is selected. This is the //c’s own built-in auxiliary 64K memory. A program, however, should not assume bank 0 (zero) will he immediately available to it.
AUXILIARY MEMORY MANAGEMENT 8.5 An example of a routine to identify useable memory is as follows: LDX BANK# Bank number to start. $1B for //e compatibility MARKALL STX BNKSELCT Select bank with the $C07X bank switch STX ALTZP Write to $C009 for aux.
8.6 AUXILIARY MEMORY MANAGEMENT Data can also be transfered from one MultiRam C 64K auxiliary bank to another 64K auxiliary bank. This could be done by selecting the source bank, copying the source ba.
AUXILIARY MEMORY MANAGEMENT 8.7 An alternative method to handling interrupts is to disable interrupts with a SEI instruction whenever auxiliary bank—switched memory is in use. When switching out of auxiliary bank—switched memory, interrupt requests could then be enabled with a CLI command.
Part 4 MULTIRAM C SERVICE GUIDE The MultiRam Service Guide describes the MultiRam C warranty and explains Checkmate Technology’s service policies..
Chapter 9 THE WARRANTY The MultiRam C Card, like all of Checkmate Technology’s peripheral cards, carries a 5 YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY. CHECKMATE TECHNOLOGY, INC. warrants products against defects in material and workmanship for a period of 5 years (90 days for software) after purchase.
9.2 THE WARRANTY In order to transfer registration you must provide Checkmate Technology with: 1. Product name 2. Serial number on the card 3. Name of previouS owner (sellers name) 4.
chapter 10 SERVICE POLICIES This chapter explains Checkmate Technology’s repair and product update policies and other pertinent customer information. HOW TO GET HELP If you are unable to get your MultiRam C Card to work properly after following the procedures in Chapter 3, please contact the Customer Service Department.
10.2 SERVICE POLICIES HOW TO RETURN A CARD If it is necessary to return your MultiRam C Card, follow these steps: I. Please wrap your card in anti—static material.
SERVICE POLICIES 10.3 RAM INSTALLATION & REPLACEMENT POLICY You may return your card to Checkmate Technology if you would prefer to have the factory install added RAM on your card. Installed RAM will be teated at the factory on your card before return to you.
10.4 SERVICE POLICIES NEWSLETTERS Checkmate Technology will publish informative newsletters for registered owners of its products. "Check—It—Out” Newsletters will contain Information on upd.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Apple MultiRam C è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Apple MultiRam C - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Apple MultiRam C imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Apple MultiRam C ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Apple MultiRam C, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Apple MultiRam C.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Apple MultiRam C. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Apple MultiRam C insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
