Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto 320A del fabbricante Aphex Systems
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Owner’s Manual Dual Mono/S tereo A utomatic Lev el Controller Manual P/N 999-0760 • Revision 2 • 09/30/03 Copyright 2003 Aphex Systems Ltd. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Written and produced by Donn Werrbach. Compellor ® 320A Compellor ® S Y S T E M S 11068 R andall S t.
Page 2 F ast Finder F ast Finder 1 Contents 2 Quick Start 3 Introduction 4 Installation 5 Specications 6 6 Operating Instructions 7 System Description 8 9 W arranty & Service Appendices Safety Declarations CAUTION: For protection against electric shock, do not remove the cover .
320A Compellor Page 3 2. Quick Start - Page 6 3. Introduction - Page 7 3.1 What Is A Compellor? 3.2 What Does It Do? 3.3 How Does It Work? 3.4 A BIt Of Compellor History 4. Installation - Page 10 4.1 Unpacking 4.2 Damage & Claims 4.3 Main V oltage Selection 4.
320A Compellor Page 4 6. Operation - Page16 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Recording 6.3 Mixing 6.4 Mastering 6.5 VIdeo Post Production 6.6 Sound Reinforcement 6.7 Live Concerts 6.8 Broadcast Radio Pre-processing 6.9 Broadcast STL/Phone Line Driver 6.10 T elevision Broadcasting and Cable Systems 6.
320D Compellor Page 4 Page 5.
320A Compellor Page 6 Y ou can use this quick setup to get a signal through your Compellor right away. Then. you’ll want to go on and read through the manual to discover the wealth of information that is available to you. Quick Start 1. Make sure there is signal going through the Compellor with Process both “In” and “Out”.
Page 7 3.1 What Is A Compellor? A Compellor is the first and only product designed specifically for the transparent control of audio levels. While other audio processors are designed simply to compres.
320A Compellor Page 8 circuit. They thought that all audio processors should be noticeable. We had to explain that the unit was in fact working, and we asked them to listen to their mixes with and without the Compellor . After they did that, they were amazed at the results.
Page 9 In 1994, Aphex introduced the current Compellor Models 320A and 323A. The model “A” revision signifies the inclusion of an improved patented Leveler circuit called the “Frequency Discriminate Leveler” (FDL) while all other aspects of the Model 320 remain the same.
320A Compellor Page 10 4.1 Unpacking Y our Compellor was packed carefully at the factory in a container designed to protect the unit during shipment. Nevertheless, Aphex recommends making a careful inspection of the ship- ping carton and the contents for any signs of physical damage.
320D Compellor Page 10 Page 1 1 4.4 Power Cord The Compellor uses a standard IEC power cord set. The appropriate mains plug for each country is normally shipped with each unit. However , if you must install or replace the plug, use the correct wiring code as follows: 4.
320A Compellor Page 12 Installation should be performed only by qualified individuals. It is the installer’s responsibility to insure his personal safety and the safety of others in the work area. It is never a good idea to work alone in the vicinity of high power electrical and radio frequency equipment.
Page 13 The output impedance of 65 ohms is optimized for driving long cables and consequently . h t g n e l y n a f o , d e c n a l a b n u r o d e c n a l a b , e n i l f o d n i k y n a t u o b a t .
320A Compellor Page 14 5.1 INPUTS Connector: 3 pin XLR female T ype: transformerless, servo balanced, RFI fIltered Impedance: 22K-ohms balanced, 1 1K-ohms unbalanced Operating Level: user selectable +4dBu or -10dBV Max input level: +27dBu(ref = +8), +25dBu(ref = +4), +10.
Page 15 5.6 RA TIO Compressor: 1.1:1 to 3:1 program dependent Leveler: 20:1 Limiter: >30:1 5.7 A TT ACK TIMES Compressor: 5 to 50mSec program dependent Leveler , fast: 20Hz = 1.5 Sec > 1KHz Frequency Discriminate Leveler Leveler , slow: 20Hz = 5 Sec > 1KHz Frequency Discriminate Leveler Limiter: 1 uSec 5.
320A Compellor Page 16 6.1 Introduction The “Quick Start” guide in the front of this manual is the best way to begin using your Compellor . Y ou will get a good feel for what is going on, and you will have a signal going through the processor , ready for fine tuning.
Page 17 has too wide a dynamic range, it can cause broadcast processors (if the processing does not include the Compellor) to work too hard and generate audible artifacts. These are all reasons to master a final mix which has a controlled dynamic range.
320A Compellor Page 18 numerous other devices which effectively control the level differences, but none have the transparency of the Compellor . These other devices, particularly multiband compressors and limiters, have a ‘sweet spot’ which renders the best results.
Page 19 6.13 Hard Disk Recording T ransferring music to hard disk can be improved using a Model 320D. It is a known fact that CD’s are mastered at varying average levels with some strikingly lower or higher in volume level than others.
320A Compellor Page 20 - 7.1 Signal Flow The Compellor contains an input stage, an intermediate VCA stage, and an output stage. The input audio signal undergoes all processing in the VCA stage and is subsequently sent out through the output stage.
Page 21 7.4 Compressor Function The compressor cooperates with the leveler to supply more consistent program level control than possible with the leveler alone. While the leveler is relatively slow responding, the com- pressor works much faster to control both the transients and other quick changes in the sound level.
320A Compellor Page 22 ground noise, but below the lowest program signal expected. T ypically , a setting of -30dB (at about 9 o’clock) is satisfactory for all purposes.
Page 23 7.14 Output Control This control allows you to normalize the output level to 0VU after the processing is set up. It will usually get set around 12 o’clock, but there is a plus or minus 10dB range available which is useful if you need to match a slightly odd level.
320A Compellor Page 24 7.19 Gain Reduction Metering When the Meter Select is toggled into “G.R.” the bi-color LED meter is programmed to indi- cate a bar graph from left to right but differing from the program level indications. In this case, the bar is entirely green except for a possible red dot which floats within the green bar .
320A Compellor Page 25 8. W arranty & Service 8.1 Limited W arranty PERIOD One year from date of purchase SCOPE All defects in workmanship and materials. The following are not covered: a. V oltage conversions b. Units on which the serial number has been defaced, modified, or removed c.
320A Compellor Page 26 9. Appendices lines are the same. They both need two conductors. What makes a system unbalanced is when one of the wires is formed into a tube that wraps around the other conductor , without touching it, such that the outer conductor can be said to “shield” the inner conductor .
320A Compellor Page 27 is cancelled out by the dierential amplier . Figure 1 illustrates how the hum is induced into both wires equally and therefore is cancelled out. Since the balanced line has wires that are twisted together , each wire tends to pick up the same amount of induction from external sources.
320A Compellor Page 28 There are basically three ways to attack the prob - lem of a ground loop. First is to eliminate it from its source, and the second is to re-route it through another path. The third is to balance out your unbal - anced audio interfaces.
Page 29 Appendix C: Proper Wiring Techniques A true balanced line should be used wherever your equipment allows. Use “twisted pair” shielded cable.
320A Compellor Page 30 audio line from a low impedance and receive into a high impedance. Generally , a minimum 1: 10 ratio is possible. This is called “bridging”. This has become modern practice and all balanced inputs are normally running 10K ohms or higher impedance.
Page 31 output circuit. We strongly recommend that you refer to your various equipment manuals to nd out what is used in each case before hooking up to unbalanced lines. When connecting a balanced output to a balanced input, however , you don’t need to know what kind of balanced output you are dealing with.
320A Compellor Page 32 P ART 2: BALANCED OUT to UNBALANCED IN It was mentioned that there are several types of balanced output stages in use today . The following diagrams show you how to properly unbalance each type of output. If you follow these instructions, you should have no problems.
Page 33 Stereo Plug Male XLR Female XLR Don’t Connect Pin 3 Ground Shield This End Only Ground Shield This End Only T o 207 Insert Jack T o Equipment Input From Equipment Output Tip Ring Sleeve P AR.
320A Compellor Page 34 Appendix E: About Reference Levels ANALOG SYSTEMS Systems declaring the average reference level are very different than systems declaring the peak reference level. In the United States, most analog systems still use the VU meter and we declare the +4dBu (for example) reference level to be the average program level.
Page 35 In a world where all audio levels would be monitored by VU meters, this SMPTE standard would make things simple. Since VU meters measure something close to the average level, we could simply equate 0VU to -20dBFS with a calibration tone.
320A Compellor Page 36 Appendix F Digital–vs–Analog; Peak–vs–RMS How T o Deal With The Confusion By Donn Werrbach • 10/03/03 The Confusion The matter of audio level measurements and specifications can be very confusing at times. That is because some specs relate to peak measurements and some to average or RMS measurements.
Page 37 room above the maximum PPM indication. By controlling the audio levels to maintain good PPM readings, there can be no possibility of the electronics clipping the audio.
320A Compellor Page 38 Digital Audio’ s Contributions to the Problem Death of a Perfectly Good VU Meter As superior as the VU monitor is for general audio work, it seems the fate of the VU paradigm is going to be a sad but quiet death from abandonment.
Page 39 Appendix F Most simply stated, the Compellor will accept an audio input, digital or analog, level it out and add some compression making it more consistent in average level.
320A Compellor Page 40 outputs into the codec, the level will then shift and be louder with the analog input. That may give the ef fect of a fuller on-air sound when the coder is driven by analog because the on-air audio processor at the decoder side is driven with higher input level.
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Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Aphex Systems 320A è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Aphex Systems 320A - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Aphex Systems 320A imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Aphex Systems 320A ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Aphex Systems 320A, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Aphex Systems 320A.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Aphex Systems 320A. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Aphex Systems 320A insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
