Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto IXP1200 del fabbricante Intel
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IXP1200 Network Processor Family ATM OC-3/12/Ethernet IP Router Example Design Application Note - Rev 1.0, 3/20/20 02 Order Num ber: 27839 3-001.
Application Note Informati on in this do cument is prov ided in connect ion wi th Intel ® products. No licen se, express or imp lied, by estoppe l or otherwi se, to any intellectu al property rights is grante d by this docume nt.
Application Note iii IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Contents 1.0 Int roduct ion ....... ............. ............. ............. ................... ............. ............. ............. ....
iv Application Note IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 3.7.2 CRC-32 C hecke r and G enerator Hig h Lev el Algorit hm............ ............. . 29 3.7.3 CRC-32 C omputation ............ ............ ..
Application Note v IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design 4.8.2.2 Counter Inde x ........ ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... .... 4 7 4.8.2.3 Global Counter E nable an d Flags .
vi Application Note IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design Figures 1 IP ove r ATM Encap sulation Format ... ............ ............. ............. ............. ................ 9 2 Frame a nd PDU Leng th vs.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 7 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 1.0 Int roduc tion Intel develops examp le software to demons trate the capabilities of the IX P1200 Network Process or Family .
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 8 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 1.2.1 Supported / Not Implemented Functions The following identifies the A TM, Ethernet, and StrongARM sup ported functions, as well as those func t ion s tha t a re no t sup port ed.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 9 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 1.3.2 Frame and PDU Length vs. IP Packet Length Figur e 2 shows the relationship between IP Packet Length ( X axis), Ethernet Frame Length, and AAL5 PDU length (Y axis).
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 10 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, PDUs because 8-bytes of LLC /SNAP plus 8 b ytes of AA L5 trailer push them over the 48 byte payload capacity of a s ingle A TM cell.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 11 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, A 33-byte IP pack et overflows into 2 cells, requiring 53 mo re bytes on the inpu t wire.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 12 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, Figur e 4 shows h ow data stream PDUs can be created in the W orkb ench fo r A TM, Ethernet, IP , and other protocol data streams.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 13 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, . 1.4.2 Hardwar e The README.txt file contained in the vxworks subdirectory of the project so urce code des cribes how to bui l d an d ru n t he pr oje ct on hard war e usi ng Vx W or ks ® .
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 14 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, The StrongARM core shares access to SRAM and DRAM with the microengin es, and thus can manage the VC and I P tables.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 15 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 2.3 Software Partiti oning The following figures show how the microcode functional blocks are partiti oned on IXP12xx hardware for the three system configu rations.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 16 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, In the OC-12 configu ration, there are two mes sage queues (MSGQs) in s cratchpad RAM, one for PDUs from each Ethern et Receive microengine.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 17 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 2.4 Data Flow 2.4.1 A TM to Ethernet Data Flow Figur e 10 outlines the processing to receive A TM cells and forward them to Ethernet ports.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 18 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, syndrome is updated ap propriately . The VC T able Entry also contains an AAL type f iel d. Currently , this example design su pports only classical IP over A TM, where the AAL type can be either 0 or 5.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 19 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 2.4.2 Ether ne t to A TM Data Flo w Figur e 11 outlines the sequence of events that takes place when processing incoming Ethernet packets.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 20 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 3. Run the IXP12 00 Develope r ’ s W orkbench debug library , and connects it to a r emote system host via the PCI Eth ernet NIC to download and debug IXP1240 microcode.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 21 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 3.1.2 High Level Algorithm In all conf igurations, each Receive thr ead gets its own RFIFO element, as assigned by port_r x_init( ) .
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 22 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 3.2 A TM T ransmit Microengine The A TM T ransmit microengine is an AAL5 U.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 23 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 3.3 IP-Router Microengine The IP Router micro engine consumes packets from the A TM receive microengine via a message queue, and routes them to the app ropriate Ethernet transmit packetq.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 24 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, • For A T M destinations, enqu eue to the A TM Transmit microengine, or for software C RC, to the appropriat e AAL5 CR C-32 generati on queues.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 25 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 3.5.1 Ethernet T ransmit Struc tur e The Ethernet T ran smit microengine contain s three fill thr eads and one trans mi t sch eduler thread .
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 26 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, Quadwords 1-5 are tra ns ferred by an sdram_crc[r_fifo_rd, 5] instruction. Quadwor d 6 contains "Data 1 1" -- the eleventh 32-bit longword of the cell.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 27 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, • Upon reception of the f i rst cell, data11 is s aved in th e VC cach e/table en try .
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 28 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, The hardware byte aligner operates on the data b efore the CRC computation h ardware.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 29 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 3.7.2 CRC -32 Checker and Generator High Level Algorithm The PDUs within each VC on each port are enq ueued on the outpu t in the same order that they were dequeued fr om the input.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 30 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, The OC-12 conf iguration uses a VC T able Cache in co njunction with the VC table, however the description of the backing VC tab le in this section applies with or with out the presence of a VC Cache.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 31 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, When atm_vc_table_entry _create() attempts to add an entry to the tabl.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 32 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, The project defaults to s upport a 64K-entry VC table - independent of th e number of ports. It d oes this with eight si gnificant VCI bits, and eight more bits split betw een VPI and ports.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 33 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, Entry Description Nex t Address of the next entry in t he chain of entries that hash to the same row . 0 indicates no next entry .
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 34 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 4.2 Virtual Ci rcuit Lookup T able Cache 4.2.1 VC Cache Function 4.2.1.1 OC-12 Configuration The intent of the VC cache is not to reduce aver age latency but to account for back to back cells from the same VC.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 35 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 4.2.3 VC Cache API There is no interaction between the StrongARM core and the VC Cache.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 36 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 4.3.3 IP T able Management API The route table is mana ged by the Route T able Manager (R TM), which may b e used from both T ransactor Scripts and VxW orks.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 37 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 4.3.3.4 enet_route_add() Adds a route with Ethernet destination to the route table.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 38 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 4.4 SRA M Buffer Descriptors and DRAM Data Buffers SRAM Buffer Descr iptors and DRAM Data Buf f ers are a fundamental componen t of this design.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 39 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, Both descriptors and buf fers are stored i n arrays. The ar ray index is u sed to associate a un ique DRAM Data Buffer with each SRAM Descriptor: 4.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 40 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 4.4.2 DRAM Da ta Buffe r Format Packet payloads are s tored in DRAM data bu ffers . Depending on if the d ata was received o n an A TM or Ethernet port, the p ayload will land in a dif ferent place within the data buf fer .
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 41 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 4.4.3 System Li mit on Pack et Buffe rs Several factors are involved in the number of p acket buff ers the system can support: • The Ethernet transmitter uses packetqs ( packetq.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 42 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 4.5.2 Usa ge Mo del The following model is d escribed by an analogy to waiting in line at a baker y:.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 43 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 4.6.1 MSGQ_HANDLE Parameters The following parameters make up MSGQ_HANDLE and are common to all macr os in msgq.uc : 4.6.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 44 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, msgq_send(io_message, MSGQ_HANDLE , RAM_OPTION ) 4.6.5 m sgq_receive () Receives a message fr om the queue. msgq_receive(i o_xfer, MSGQ_HANDLE ) 4.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 45 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 4.7 Buffer Descri ptor Queues - bdq.uc This design uses a generi c buffer descriptor queu ing subsystem to pass data between micro engines.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 46 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, For the synchro nous empty->non -empty queue n otification feature to be u sed, only one microengine can be ass igned to dequeu e from each queu e.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 47 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, • On hardware, counters .c is compiled into the atm_util s.o VxW orks-loadable mo dule to provide counters at the VxW orks console.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 48 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 4.8.2.3 Global Counter Enabl e and Flags Global Counter Enable and Flags COUNTERS_ENABLE_MASK is the global counter enable and is set via a #define s tatement in syste m_c onf ig.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 49 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 4.8.3 counters.uc 4.8.3.1 counter_reset() Resets the specified coun ter to zero. counter_reset( in_counter_base, in_counter_offset, IN_ENABLE_FLAGS ) 4.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 50 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, port_counter_inc() Algorithm #if (IN_ENABLE_FLAGS & COUNTERS_ENABLE_MA.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 51 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 4.8.4 counters.c 4.8.4.1 counters_init() Initializes al l counters. 4.8.4.2 counters_print() Prints the names and values o f all coun ters.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 52 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 237:[42]: 0 ETHER_RX_PACKET_ENQUEUE_ETHER 238:[43]: 1805817712 ATM_TX_CRC_.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 53 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, // sram[read, $foo], ordered, ctx_swap 4.10 Mutex V ectors Mutex vectors are an extension to criti cal sectio ns that allows multiple criti cal sectio ns to be contained within a single ab solute register .
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 54 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 4.1 1 Inter-Thread Signalling Inter-thr ead signals are used in four ways: • Initializatio n, as d etailed in the “ Microengine Initialization ” section.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 55 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, // Define DEBUG to enable all the counters and run-time checking. // Disable for maximum performance. // #define DEBUG // Define COUNTERS_ENABLE_MASK to all 1’s to enable every system counter.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 56 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 7.0 Sim ulation Support (Scripts, etc.
IXP120 0 Network Proces sor Family A T M OC-3/12/ Et hernet I P Router Example Design Application Note 57 Modifi ed on: 3/ 20/02, 10.0 Document Con ventions In illustrations of 3 2-bit registers, or d ata structures in memor y; smaller addresses appear toward the top of the fig ure, - as they would appear in a memory dump o n the screen.
IXP1200 Netw ork Processor Fa mily A TM OC-3/ 12/Ether net IP Router Example Design 58 Application Note Modified on: 3/20/02, 12.0 Related Docume nts PDU P rotocol Data Unit Rosetta Intel IXB8055 IX B.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Intel IXP1200 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Intel IXP1200 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Intel IXP1200 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Intel IXP1200 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Intel IXP1200, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Intel IXP1200.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Intel IXP1200. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Intel IXP1200 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
