Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto 8086 del fabbricante Intel
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September 1990 Order Number: 231455-005 8086 16-BIT HMOS MICROPROCESSOR 8086/8086-2/8086-1 Y Direct Addressing Capability 1 MByte of Memory Y Architecture Designed for Powerful Assembly Language and E.
8086 Table 1. Pin Description The following pin function descriptions are for 8086 systems in either minimum or maximum mode. The ‘‘Local Bus’’ in these descriptions is the direct multiplexed bus interface connection to the 8086 (without regard to additional bus buffers).
8086 Table 1. Pin Description (Continued) Symbol Pin No. Type Name and Function READY 22 I READY: is the acknowledgement from the addressed memory or I/O device that it will complete the data transfer. The READY signal from memory/IO is synchronized by the 8284A Clock Generator to form READY.
8086 Table 1. Pin Description (Continued) Symbol Pin No. Type Name and Function S 2 ,S 1 ,S 0 26 – 28 O These signals float to 3-state OFF in ‘‘hold acknowledge’’.
8086 Table 1. Pin Description (Continued) Symbol Pin No. Type Name and Function QS 1 ,Q S 0 24, 25 O QUEUE STATUS: The queue status is valid during the CLK cycle after which the queue operation is performed. QS 1 and QS 0 provide status to allow external tracking of the internal 8086 instruction queue.
8086 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION General Operation The internal functions of the 8086 processor are partitioned logically into two processing units. The first is the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) and the second is the Execution Unit (EU) as shown in the block dia- gram of Figure 1.
8086 231455 – 3 Figure 3a. Memory Organization In referencing word data the BIU requires one or two memory cycles depending on whether or not the starting byte of the word is on an even or odd ad- dress, respectively. Consequently, in referencing word operands performance can be optimized by lo- cating data on even address boundaries.
8086 231455 – 5 Figure 4a. Minimum Mode 8086 Typical Configuration 231455 – 6 Figure 4b. Maximum Mode 8086 Typical Configuration 8.
8086 can occur between 8086 bus cycles. These are re- ferred to as ‘‘Idle’’ states (T i ) or inactive CLK cycles. The processor uses these cycles for internal house- keeping. During T 1 of any bus cycle the ALE (Address Latch Enable) signal is emitted (by either the processor or the 8288 bus controller, depending on the MN/MX strap).
8086 Status bits S 3 through S 7 are multiplexed with high- order address bits and the BHE signal, and are therefore valid during T 2 through T 4 .S 3 and S 4 indi- cate which segment register (see In.
8086 MASKABLE INTERRUPT (INTR) The 8086 provides a single interrupt request input (INTR) which can be masked internally by software with the resetting of the interrupt enable FLAG status bit. The interrupt request signal is level trig- gered. It is internally synchronized during each clock cycle on the high-going edge of CLK.
8086 EXTERNAL SYNCHRONIZATION VIA TEST As an alternative to the interrupts and general I/O capabilities, the 8086 provides a single software- testable input known as the TEST signal.
8086 lines D 7 –D 0 as supplied by the inerrupt system logic (i.e., 8259A Priority Interrupt Controller). This byte identifies the source (type) of the interrupt. It is multi- plied by four and used as a pointer into an interrupt vector lookup table, as described earlier.
8086 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS * Ambient Temperature Under Bias ÀÀÀÀÀÀ0 § Ct o7 0 § C Storage Temperature ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ b 65 § Ct o a 150 § C Voltage on Any Pin with Respect to Ground ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ b 1.0V to a 7V Power DissipationÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ2.
8086 A.C. CHARACTERISTICS (8086: T A e 0 § Ct o7 0 § C, V CC e 5V g 10%) (8086-1: T A e 0 § Ct o7 0 § C, V CC e 5V g 5%) (8086-2: T A e 0 § Ct o7 0 § C, V CC e 5V g 5%) MINIMUM COMPLEXITY SYSTEM.
8086 A.C. CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) TIMING RESPONSES Symbol Parameter 8086 8086-1 8086-2 Units Test Min Max Min Max Min Max Conditions TCLAV Address Valid Delay 10 110 10 50 10 60 ns TCLAX Address H.
8086 A.C. TESTING INPUT, OUTPUT WAVEFORM 231455-11 A.C. Testing: Inputs are driven at 2.4V for a Logic ‘‘1’’ and 0.45V for a Logic ‘‘0’’.
8086 WAVEFORMS (Continued) MINIMUM MODE (Continued) 231455 – 14 SOFTWARE HALTÐ RD, WR, INTA e V OH DT/R e INDETERMINATE NOTES: 1. All signals switch between V OH and V OL unless otherwise specified. 2. RDY is sampled near the end of T 2 ,T 3 ,T W to determine if T W machines states are to be inserted.
8086 A.C. CHARACTERISTICS MAX MODE SYSTEM (USING 8288 BUS CONTROLLER) TIMING REQUIREMENTS Symbol Parameter 8086 8086-1 8086-2 Units Test Min Max Min Max Min Max Conditions TCLCL CLK Cycle Period 200 500 100 500 125 500 ns TCLCH CLK Low Time 118 53 68 ns TCHCL CLK High Time 69 39 44 ns TCH1CH2 CLK Rise Time 10 10 10 ns From 1.
8086 A.C. CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) TIMING RESPONSES Symbol Parameter 8086 8086-1 8086-2 Units Test Min Max Min Max Min Max Conditions TCLML Command Active 10 35 10 35 10 35 ns Delay (See Note 1) TC.
8086 A.C. CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) TIMING RESPONSES (Continued) Symbol Parameter 8086 8086-1 8086-2 Units Test Min Max Min Max Min Max Conditions TRHAV RD Inactive to Next TCLCL-45 TCLCL-35 TCLCL-4.
8086 WAVEFORMS MAXIMUM MODE 231455 – 15 22.
8086 WAVEFORMS (Continued) MAXIMUM MODE (Continued) 231455 – 16 NOTES: 1. All signals switch between V OH and V OL unless otherwise specified. 2. RDY is sampled near the end of T 2 ,T 3 ,T W to determine if T W machines states are to be inserted. 3.
8086 WAVEFORMS (Continued) ASYNCHRONOUS SIGNAL RECOGNITION 231455 – 17 NOTE: 1. Setup requirements for asynchronous signals only to guarantee recognition at next CLK.
8086 WAVEFORMS (Continued) HOLD/HOLD ACKNOWLEDGE TIMING (MINIMUM MODE ONLY) 231455 – 21 25.
8086 Table 2. Instruction Set Summary Mnemonic and Instruction Code Description DATA TRANSFER MOV e Move: 76543210 76543210 76543210 76543210 Register/Memory to/from Register 100010dw m o d r e g r / .
8086 Table 2. Instruction Set Summary (Continued) Mnemonic and Instruction Code Description ARITHMETIC 76543210 76543210 76543210 76543210 ADD e Add: Reg.
8086 Table 2. Instruction Set Summary (Continued) Mnemonic and Instruction Code Description LOGIC 76543210 76543210 76543210 76543210 NOT e Invert 1111011w m o d010r / m SHL/SAL e Shift Logical/Arithm.
8086 Table 2. Instruction Set Summary (Continued) Mnemonic and Instruction Code Description JMP e Unconditional Jump: 76543210 76543210 76543210 Direct within Segment 11101001 disp-low disp-high Direc.
8086 Table 2. Instruction Set Summary (Continued) Mnemonic and Instruction Code Description 76543210 76543210 PROCESSOR CONTROL CLC e Clear Carry 11111000 CMC e Complement Carry 11110101 STC e Set Car.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Intel 8086 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Intel 8086 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Intel 8086 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Intel 8086 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Intel 8086, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Intel 8086.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Intel 8086. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Intel 8086 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
