Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto 278 del fabbricante Garmin
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Owner’ s Manual GPSMAP ® 278.
© Copyright 2006 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries Garmin International, Inc. 1200 East 151 st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, USA T el. 913/397.8200 or 800/800.1020 Fax 913/397.8282 Garmin (Europe) Ltd. Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park I ndustr ial E state, Rom sey , SO51 9DL, U K T el .
I NTRODUCTION Thank you for choosing the Garmin ® GPSMAP ® 278, which uses the proven performance of Garmin GPS and full-featured mapping to create an unsurpassed portable marine navigation chartplotter and automobile navigation device.
T ABLE OF C ONTENTS Introduction ........................................................................... i About This Manual ................................................................... i Caring for the GPSMAP 278 ..........................
Calendar T ab .......................................................................... 73 Celestial T ab .......................................................................... 74 Message T ab .....................................................
Caring for the GPSMAP 278 The GPSMAP 278 case is constructed of high quality materials and does not require user maintenance except cleaning. Cleaning the Case Clean the unit’ s outer casing (except for the screen) using a cloth dampened with a mild detergent solution and then wipe dry .
Failure to avoid the following potentially hazardous situations could result in an accident or collision resulting in death or serious injury . When installing the GPSMAP 278 in a vehicle, place the unit securely so that it does not interfere with vehicle operating controls or obstruct the driver ’ s view of the road (see diagram).
Failure to avoid the following potentially hazardous situations may result in injury or property damage. The GPSMAP 278 is designed to provide you with route suggestions. It does not reflect road closures or road conditions, traffic congestion, weather conditions, or other factors that may affect safety or timing while driving.
Failure to avoid the following potentially hazardous situations may result in injury or property damage. The GPSMAP 278 is designed to provide you with route suggestions. It does not reflect road closures or road conditions, traffic congestion, weather conditions, or other factors that may affect safety or timing while driving.
Charging the GPSMAP 278 Before using the GPSMAP 278, you might need to charge the battery . Plug the power cable into an external power source to charge. Y ou can use the unit while it is charging. T o charge the battery: 1. Lift the rubber weather cap to expose the power connector on the back of the unit.
T urning Y our GPSMAP 278 On or Off Before you turn on the GPSMAP 278, be sure the antenna is rotated up as shown on page 1 , and it has a clear and unobstructed view of the sky to receive satellite signals. The first time you turn on your GPSMAP 278, the GPS receiver must collect satellite data and establish its current location.
Getting Satellite Signals After you turn on the GPSMAP 278, the unit automatically begins searching for satellites. The GPS page appears while the unit is gathering satellite signals and acquiring a fix, which should take only a few minutes.
The progress of satellite acquisition is shown in three stages: • No signal strength bars —the receiver is looking for the satellites indicated. • White signal strength bars —the receiver has found the satellite and is collecting data. • Green signal str ength bars —the receiver has collected the necessary data from this satellite.
GPS Options Press MENU twice to open the Main Menu. Use the ROCKER to highlight the GPS tab. Press MENU to open the options menu. Start/Stop Simulator —start and stop Simulator Mode, which is helpful when learning how to use your unit. Enable/Disable EGNOS —enable or disable EGNOS capability .
Using the GPSMAP 278 Keypad . IN Key/OUT Key • Press to adjust map scale to show a larger area with less detail (zoom out) or a smaller area with more detail (zoom in). P AGE/MODE Key • Press to cycle through main pages in sequence and exit a submenu page.
Using The GPSMAP 278 The advanced keypad system on the GPSMAP 278 is designed to allow you to select options and enter data quickly and conveniently . As you progress through this owner ’ s manual, you are directed to press a specific key or highlight a field on the screen.
Selecting Options and Entering Data T o enter data and select options, use the ROCKER to highlight, select, or choose an item in a list or a field on the screen. Use the ENTER key and the ROCKER to select options, enter names and numbers in data fields, and activate your selections.
Entering data TIP: T o clear the entire data field, highlight the left-most character field and press left on the ROCKER again. 3. Press ENTER . Not all fields are programmable. When you are on a page with fields that are not selectable, the highlight skips over them.
Using the Main Menu Use t he Main Me nu on you r GPSMAP 278 to a ccess var ious waypo int, syste m, naviga tion and i nterface management , and set up menus . Press th e MENU ke y twice fr om any pa ge to open the Main Menu. For more informati on, see th e “Main M enu” sect ion o n page 66 .
Using Simulator Mode Simulator Mode is great for practicing with the unit if you are indoors or when satellite signals are not available. All waypoints and routes created in Simulator Mode are retained in memory for future use. NOTE: Do not try to navigate using Simulator Mode because the GPS receiver is turned off.
M ARINE M ODE Y our GPSMAP 278 comes preloaded with an enhanced worldwide basemap that depicts shorelines, roads, and surface features. The GPSMAP 278 is compatable with BlueChart g2 marine cartography . Marine Mode Pages Marine Mode has five main pages: Map, Compass, Highway , Active Route, and Position Data.
Navigating to a Destination Y ou can navigate to your destination using the Map Page. As you travel, you see a magenta line that always runs from your current location to the destination or to the next turn on the Map Page. Y ou can use the Map Page, Compass Page, or Highway Page to help navigate.
T o navigate (Go T o) a point on the map: Highlight a point to navigate to, and press NA V . Highlight Go T o <point name> , and press ENTER . Follow the magenta line created on the Map Page. T o stop navigation: While navigating to a point, press NA V .
Man OverBoard (MOB) Use the MOB function to simultaneously mark your current location and create a direct route back to that location for quick response to emergency situations. T o activate the MOB function: 1. Press and hold the NA V/MOB key , or press the NA V/MOB key twice.
Finding an Item Use the Find menu to search for addresses, food & drink, fuel services, lodging, banks/A TMs, cities, shopping, stored waypoints, and points of interest (POIs).
Finding an Item From Another Location Y ou can use the Find menu to center your search around an item you just found. For example, you search for Restricted Areas and the search shows an “Anchoring Prohibited” search result. If you press FIND again, you will see “From Anchoring Prohibited” as the new search from point.
3. Highlight an item from the search results list, and press ENTER . 4. Press ENTER to g o to the i tem. T o find an item near another location: 1. Press FIND . 2. Press MENU to open the options menu. 3. Highlight Near Other , and press ENTER . 4. Select a reference location on the map, and press ENTER .
V iewing Recently Found Items The Recently Found Page shows a list of the items you have searched for or gone to recently . T o view a list of recently found items: 1. Press FIND to open the Find menu. 2. Highlight Recently Found , and press ENTER to open the list of recently found items.
V iewing the Information Page Each item on the map and each item listed in the results list has an Information Page. T o view details about an item: 1. Highlight a point on the map or in the search results list, and press ENTER . An Information Page appears with details about the item in a tabbed format.
Creating and Using Routes Y ou can create and store up to 50 reversible routes, with up to 300 points each. Creating a New Route Use the Route tab to create a route by selecting waypoints from the Find menu, or by selecting waypoints or map items from the Map Page.
T o create a route using the map: Highlight the Route tab on the Main Menu. Press MENU once to open the Route options menu. Highlight New Route , and press ENTER . Highlight Edit on Map , and press ENTER . Highlight a location on the map, and press ENTER .
Navigating a Saved Route Use the Navigate Route option to select and navigate a saved route. T o navigate a saved route: 1. Press the NA V key . 2. Highlight Navigate Route , and press ENTER . 3. Highlight a route, and press ENTER . Select a route from list T o navigate a new route using the Find menu: 1.
Editing a Route After you create a route, use the Route Review Page to edit, change the name, and review route points of a selected route. T o change the name of the route: 1. Press MENU twice to open the Main Menu. Highlight the Route tab. 2. Use the ROCKER to highlight the name of the route, and press ENTER .
T o add points to a route: 1. Press MENU twice to open the Main Menu. Highlight the Route tab. 2. Select a route, and press ENTER . 3. Highlight the spot in the route that you want to add the new point. (The new point is added before the highlighted route point.
Y ou can enter information about your trip so the GPSMAP 278 can estimate information about your trip. T o plan your route: 1. Open the Route Review Page options menu. 2. Highlight Plan Route , and press ENTER . Entering Speed and Fuel Flow for T rip Planning 3.
Creating and Using W aypoints The GPSMAP 278 stores up to 3,000 alphanumeric waypoints with a user-defined icon, comment, elevation, depth, and temperature available for each waypoint. Y ou can create waypoints using three basic methods: • ENTER/MARK —use the ENTER/MARK key to mark your present location.
Creating Waypoints Using the Map Y ou can quickly create a waypoint using the Map Page. When you pan the map and move the arrow over a map item, you see a highlighted description of that item. The GPSMAP 278 uses the map item text shown on the map as the default name and symbol for the new waypoint.
Creating a Waypoint by Entering Coordinates Y ou can manually enter location coordinates to create a waypoint. This method is useful for creating a waypoint at a specific latitude/ longitude position from a chart. T o create a new waypoint by entering location coordinates: 1.
T o access the Waypoint Edit Page: 1. Highlight the Points tab on the Main Menu, and then select a waypoint from the list. Points T ab 2. Press ENTER to open the W aypoint Edit Page. NOTE: If the waypoint is located on a map feature or MapSource or BlueChart feature, the W aypoint Edit Page does not show the details of the other map features.
Averaging the Waypoint’ s Location A verage Location makes the unit take several sample location measurements for the waypoint and recalculate for a more accurate location reading. NOTE: Y ou must have a GPS satellite fix before you can average a waypoint’ s location.
5. T o change the location from which you are projecting the new waypoint, highlight the From field, and press ENTER . 6. Select the point that you will project your new waypoint from. For more information see the “Finding an Item” section on page 17 .
W aypoint Page Name field Symbol field T o edit the next waypoint in the list: 1. Highlight Next and press ENTER . The W aypoint list appears with the next waypoint highlighted. 2. Press ENTER to edit that waypoint. Organizing Waypoints into Categories Y ou can organize your waypoints into categories, to help manage your waypoints.
W aypoint Page Select the category to which you want to assign the waypoint. T o delete a category: 1. With the W aypoint Categories window open, highlight the category you want to delete, and press MENU . 2. Select Delete Category , and press ENTER .
T o delete waypoints by symbol or category: 1. On the User sub tab, highlight a waypoint to delete, and press MENU . 2. Highlight Delete by Symbol or Delete by Category , and press ENTER . 3. When deleting by symbol, highlight the symbol of the waypoint you want to delete, and press ENTER .
2. Use the ROCKER to highlight the field below Proximity Alarm , and press ENTER . 3. Select the On or Off setting and press ENTER . T o add a proximity waypoint: 1. From the Proximity Points tab, use the ROCKER to highlight an empty line on the Proximity List, and press ENTER .
Managing Y our T racks The GPSMAP 278 draws an electronic breadcrumb trail or track log on the Map Page as you travel. The track log contains points along its path, including time, and location for each point. The track log starts recording as soon as the GPSMAP 278 gets a location fix.
T o clear the track log: 1. Highlight the T rack tab, on the Main Menu, and then highlight the Active sub tab. 2. Highlight the Clear button, and press ENTER . A confirmation message appears. Clearing the T rack Log 3. Highlight OK , and press ENTER .
Saved Tracks The Saved sub tab lists all of the saved tracks in your unit. Press MENU to open the Saved tab options menu. Review on Map —shows the highlighted track on the Map Page. T racBack —navigates the track. Y ou can either navigate the track as it is saved, or you can navigate the track in reverse.
Navigating a Saved Track Y ou can save your track log to use later as a T racBack, which reduces your track log into a route with up to 300 turns. When initiated, a T racBack route leads you back to the oldest stored track log point. It is a good idea to clear the existing track log before you start your current trip.
M ARINE M ODE P AGES Five pages are available in Marine Mode—Map, Compass, Highway , Active Route, and Position Data. An optional Sonar Page is available when a GSD 20 or GSD 21 sounder module is connected. Map Page When you turn on the GPSMAP 278, the Map Page appears after the unit acquires a satellite signal.
Changing the Page Layout and Data Fields By default, five data fields appear on the right side of the Map Page. Y ou can select how the fields are shown and what information each field contains. T o change the map page layout: 1. Press MENU to open the options menu.
Setting Up the Map Page Use the Set Up Map option to set how items appear on the Map Page. T o change a map setup option: 1. On the Map Page, press MENU to open the options menu.
5. When using map loaded to a data card, you can view detailed information about an individual map, highlight the Map Name, and press ENTER . Highlight OK , and press ENTER to exit the Map Information page.
Map coverage conforms to the following conditions: • Cartography is shown when the selected zoom scale is covered by either the internal basemap or other MapSource data loaded onto a data card. • When the selected zoom scale is covered by both the internal database and data card map information, the cartography with the best resolution appears.
T o re-center your position on the screen: Press QUIT . The map automatically moves to show your present location, and the unit returns to position mode. Y ou can also use the arrow to select on-screen map items, which allows you to review a selected item directly from the map display .
Measuring Distance Y ou can measure the distance and bearing between two map items. T o measure the bearing/distance between two points: 1. On the Map Page, press MENU to open the options menu. 2. Highlight Measure Distance , and press ENTER . An on-screen arrow appears on the map at your present location with ENT REF below it.
Compass Page During active navigation, the Compass Page guides you to your destination with a graphic compass display and a bearing pointer . When the pointer is pointing straight up, you are heading directly to your destination.
Compass Page Options Menu Use the options menu on the Compass Page to customize the Compass Page. For definitions of data field options, see page 120 .
T o use the Marine Timer: 1. Press the ROCKER up or down to select the time you want to count. Five (5) minutes is the default. 2. Press ENTER to start the timer . Use the ROCKER during the timing to quickly select a different length of time. 3. Press ENTER to stop timing.
Highway Page The Highway Page is available in both Marine Mode and Automotive Mode Highway Page When you are navigating, the Highway Page provides digital and graphic steering guidance to the destination. The right side of the page features user-selectable data fields showing useful navigation information.
Highway Page Options Menu Use the Highway Page options menu to define the data fields and select which waypoints and tracks appear on the screen. The data fields, located along the right side of the page, provide various types of useful data. Press MENU to open the Highway Page options menu.
Active Route Page When you are navigating a route using your GPSMAP 278, the Active Route Page shows each point (waypoint or map item) of the active route, with the point name, course, distance, and several other fields of information. The current destination point, the active point, is marked with an arrow icon.
Position Data Page The Position Data Page shows important navigation data while navigating a route in Marine Mode. By default, the Position Data Page shows a compass ribbon, your current latitude and .
A UTOMOTIVE M ODE Y our GPSMAP 278 comes preloaded with City Navigator Europe NT v 9.0, which contains detailed maps of major metropolitan areas in Europe, including motorways, national and regional thoroughfares, local roads, and points of interest such as food and drink, lodging, border crossings, petrol stations, hospitals and more.
Navigating to a Destination Y ou can navigate to your destination in Automotive Mode using the Map Page. As you travel, your GPSMAP 278 guides you to your destination with voice prompts, arrows, and directions along the top of the screen.
T o navigate (Go T o) a point on the map: Highlight a point to navigate to, and press NA V . Highlight Go T o <point name> and press ENTER . Follow the magenta line created on the Map Page. Stopping and Resuming Navigation When navigating to a point, you can stop navigation.
T o create a new route: 1. Press NA V to open the Navigate menu. 2. Highlight New Route , and press ENTER . 3. From the Find menu, highlight W aypoints , and press ENTER . (Y ou can also choose to go to other points, such as Cities or Exits from this list.
Following a Saved Route Use the Navigate menu to follow a saved track or route. If you want to follow roads on your route, press MENU and select Follow Roads on the Active Route Page. T o follow a saved route in Automotive Mode: 1. Press NA V to open the Navigate menu.
Editing Y our Route When you are navigating a route, you can edit that route. Y ou can add areas and roads to avoid as well as temporary detours to your current route. Y ou can also add stops along your trip, called V ia Points. While navigating, press NA V to open the Navigate menu.
Creating a Detour If there is road construction or some other form of a detour while navigating a route, you can have your GPSMAP 278 create a detour route for you. T o create a detour: 1. While navigating a course, press NA V . 2. Select Detour from the Navigate menu.
A UTOMOTIVE M ODE P AGES Automotive Mode has two main pages (Map and T rip Computer) that are always available. Optional Highway and Compass pages can be turned on in Automotive Mode. When you are actively navigating, the Current Route Page is available if you are navigating a turn-by-turn route.
Current Route Page When navigating a route using your GPSMAP 278 in Automotive Mode, the Active Route Page shows each turn of the active route, with the distance to the turn, the street name, and estimated time to arrival and time of arrival.
T rip Computer Page The T rip Computer Page shows important data while navigating a route in Automotive Mode. It indicates your current speed and other data about your trip, such as average speed and moving time. T rip Computer Page Reset the T rip Computer before beginning a trip.
M AIN M ENU The Main Menu provides access to various waypoint, system, navigation and interface management, and setup menus. Main Menu T o select a tab from the Main Menu: 1. From any page, press MENU twice to open the Main Menu. 2. Press up or down on the ROCKER to highlight the tab you want.
GPS T ab The GPS tab provides a visual reference of satellite acquisition, receiver status, and accuracy . The sky view and signal strength bars give an indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver and whether they are being tracked. For more information about GPS, see pages 4-6 .
Points T ab The Points tab contains two sub tabs, User and Proximity , which allow you to manage a large number of waypoints quickly and efficiently . For more information about waypoints, see the “Creating and Using W aypoints” section beginning on page 28 .
DSC T ab Use the DSC tab (Marine Mode only) to control and set up the Digital Selective Calling (DSC) features. DSC uses marine VHF radio and GPS to transmit and receive location information. DSC is used by mariners for distress calls and position reporting.
DSC Log DSC Directory The DSC Directory is like phone book and can hold up to 50 entries. DSC Directory list DSC Directory entries. Press ENTER to open the entry review page. Blank entry . Press ENTER to add a Directory entry . T o add a new directory entry: 1.
Sonar T ab Use the Sonar tab to set up and configure sonar . See the “Setting Up and Using Sonar” section beginning on page 90 for more information about Sonar setup options. NOTE: Y ou must have a GSD 20 or 21 sounder module connected to your GPSMAP 278 to use sonar .
T o set a persistent alarm: 1. Highlight the Alarms tab on the Main Menu. 2. Highlight the box next to the alarm you want to make persistent (for example, Next T urn ). 3. Press ENTER to place a check mark in the Persist box. Navigation (Nav) Alarms Next T urn —set an alarm to indicate the next turn in a route.
T o set a persistent alarm: 1. Highlight the Alarms tab on the Main Menu. 2. Highlight the box next to the alarm you want to make persistent (for example, Next T urn ). 3. Press ENTER to place a check mark in the Persist box. Navigation (Nav) Alarms Next T urn —set an alarm to indicate the next turn in a route.
T o add a route (or point) to the calendar: 1. Highlight the Calendar tab on the Main Menu. The current day appears on the Day View sub tab. 2. Press MENU to open the options menu.
Tide Sub T ab The T ide sub tab contains a graphical chart that shows tide station information in a 24-hour span starting at midnight station time. Y ou can choose from different dates and more than 3,000 tide stations. Height of tide Smallest and largest tides for the AM hours Select the tide station for which you want to view the information.
T o view a chart’s details for another time during the day (other than current time): 1. From the Tide sub tab with the chart you want to view , press MENU , and then select Move Cursor . 2. Press the ROCKER right or left to view the chart at another time.
T o view sun and moon information for a different location: 1. Use the ROCKER to highlight the From field, and press ENTER . 2. Highlight Use Find Menu , and press ENTER . The Find menu automatically opens. 3. Select a waypoint or point of interest, and press ENTER .
T o use the current date again, highlight the Date field. Press MENU , highlight Use Current Date , and press ENTER . T o view hunt and fish information for a different location: 1. Highlight the From field, and press ENTER . 2. Highlight Use Find Menu , and press ENTER .
T o show or hide messages using the log filter: 1. Highlight the Message tab on the Main Menu. 2. Highlight the Log Filter sub tab. All messages appear by default. Message Log Filter T ab 3. Highlight the message type you want to hide, and press ENTER .
T wilight Adjustment —allows the unit to adjust the backlight for optimum viewing during twilight times. Highway Page —indicates whether the Highway Page appears in the main page sequence. Compass Page —indicates whether the Compass Page appears in the main page sequence.
T wilight Adjustment —allows the unit to adjust the backlight for optimum viewing during twilight times. Highway Page —indicates whether the Highway Page appears in the main page sequence. Compass Page —indicates whether the Compass Page appears in the main page sequence.
Route Prefer ence —allows the unit to calculates routes based on: • Faster Time —routes calculated are faster to drive but might be longer in distance. • Shorter Distance —routes calculated are shorter in distance but might take more time to drive.
Off-Route Recalculation —allows you to set whether the unit prompts you when it is recalculating your route ( Prompted ), or recalculates automatically . Set whether the unit announces the recalculation ( Automatic - Announced) or recalculates silently ( Automatic - Silent ).
Units Sub T ab Use the Units sub tab to customize measurement units. Units Sub T ab Distance and Speed —select the unit of measure to show your speed and distance traveled. Direction Display —select the unit of measure to show your direction. Mils is a unit of angle measurement used in military settings, in which 17.
The default setting is WGS 84. The unit automatically selects the best datum depending on your chosen location format. W ARNING: Selecting the wrong map datum can result in substantial position errors. When in doubt, use the default WGS 84 datum for best overall performance.
3. T o display the welcome message when you turn on your GPSMAP 278, highlight the Show at Power-up check box, and press ENTER to select it. T o hide the welcome information at start-up, clear the check mark.
• T ext Out —allows the unit to output simple text data that includes data, time, location, and velocity . The Baud can be set to 1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600.
T o restart the scan: 1. Press MENU . 2. Highlight Restart Scan , and press ENTER . T o manually enter a frequency and bit rate: 1. With the unit set to Garmin DGPS or RTCM In/NMEA Out , highlight the Beacon field, and press ENTER . 2. Highlight User , and press ENTER .
5. Press MENU to open the options menu. 6. Select Advanced NMEA Setup , and press ENTER . Advanced NMEA Output Setup Use the Advanced NMEA Output Setup Page to set the output rate, change the precisio.
S ETTING U P AND U SING S ONAR This section covers the additional sonar options for the GPSMAP 278 when used in conjunction with a GSD 21 or GSD 20 Sounder Module. Read the GSD 21 or GSD 20 Sounder Module Installation Instructions to properly install the sounder module.
Using the Sonar Page When combined with a GSD 21 or GSD 20 Sounder Module, your GPSMAP 278 becomes a powerful fishfinder/flasher with the Sonar Page. If a GSD 21 or GSD 20 is attached, but the unit does not detect a transducer , a “Sonar T urned Off” message appears across the Sonar Page.
Adjusting the Sonar Page Use the Adjustment menu to access the settings and features most commonly used on the Sonar Page. T en main adjustment options are available: Range, Zoom, V iew , Gain, T arget Level, Whiteline, Frequency , Depth Line, Noise Reject, and Scroll.
• 4X Zoom —shows the 4X zoomed picture on the full screen. • Btm (Bottom) Split —shows two reduced pictures, the right at the original depth scale and the left showing sonar returns from the bottom up. All target depths read as a distance from the bottom.
Resizing the Split Screen Y ou can adjust the way the split screen appears. This option is only available when a zoom scale other than No Zoom is selected. T o resize the Sonar Page split screen: 1. From the Sonar Page split screen, press MENU . 2. Using the ROCKER , highlight Size Split , and press ENTER .
Setting Up Sonar Use the Sonar tab on the Main Menu to set up the Sonar Page. Main Menu—Sonar T ab Fish Symbols —select how the Sonar Page shows underwater targets and background information. Select Off to show all of the available information about the underwater environment.
Calibrating the Water Speed If you select T emp, Spd for the T ransducer option on the Setup sub tab, you must calibrate the water speed to ensure the W ater Speed shown on your unit is accurate. The calibration should take place in water having little or no current.
Setting Up the Sonar Display Y ou can set up how the sonar information appears on-screen using the Display sub tab. Display Sub T ab Scale —select how and where you want the depth scale to appear . Color Bar —select On to show a gradient scale of the current T arget Level setting on the Sonar Setup tab.
V iewing the T emperature Use the T emperature sub tab to view a graph of water temperature changes over a period of time. The graph reads from right to left so that the most recent temperature measured appears on the far right side of the graph. The dotted lines within the graph indicate intervals in the temperature scale and the duration of time.
Understanding Sonar The transducer mounted on your vessel transmits sound waves toward the bottom of the water in a cone-shaped pattern. When a transmitted sound wave strikes an underwater object—such as the bottom, a structure, or a fish—sound is reflected back to the transducer .
Transducer Coverage The area covered by the transmitted sound waves is determined by the cone angle of the transducer and the water depth. The wide cone angles (40°) associated with low frequencies (50 kHz) provide a large coverage area for finding fish within a coverage width that is approximately 2/3 of the water depth.
Whiteline The GSD 20 or GSD 21 can help you determine whether the bottom is hard or soft. When the sonar sound waves are reflected back by the bottom, a hard bottom returns a stronger signal than a soft bottom. A thin whiteline indicates a softer bottom, while a thick whiteline indicates a harder bottom.
A PPENDIX Specifications Physical Specifications Size: 5.7" W x 3.2" H x 1.9" D (14.5 x 8.1 x 4.8 cm) W eight: 14.0 oz (0.40 kg) Display: 3.75" diagonal (9.5 cm) T ransflective, 256-color display with backlighting (480 x 320 pixels) Case: Fully gasketed, high-impact plastic alloy , waterproof to IEC 60529 IPX7 T emp.
Optional Accessories In addition to the standard accessories included with your GPSMAP 278, several optional accessories are available to enhance the operation of the GPSMAP 278. T o obtain replacement parts and optional accessories, contact your Garmin Dealer , Garmin Product Support at 800/800.
Installation Information This section of the Appendix provides information on connecting the GPSMAP 278 to auxiliary devices and removing the antenna. Connecting the Power/Data Cable The power/data cable connects the GPSMAP 278 to an 1 1–35 VDC system and provides interface capabilities for connecting external devices.
Connecting Y our GPSMAP 278 to a Computer Y ou can connect your GPSMAP 278 to your computer using the supplied USB cable to connect to a USB data port or the PC Interface cable to connect to a DB-9 serial communications port.
Using xImage for Customized Waypoint Icons Use xImage to exchange images between your computer and your GPSMAP 278. Y ou can download and save screenshots of any screen shown on your unit.
Installing and Removing Data Cards Y ou can use optional Garmin data cards in your GPSMAP 278 to show digital charts and maps. Install the data card in the card slot located on the bottom of the unit. Install or remove the data card at any time, whether the unit is on or off.
Interfacing The following formats are supported for connection of external devices: GARMIN proprietary Differential GPS (DGPS), NMEA 0180, 0182, 0183 (versions 1.5, 2.0, 2.3, 3.01), ASCII T ext Output, and R TCM SC-104 input (version 2.0). The following are the Approved Sentences for NMEA 0183, version 3.
What is EGNOS/W AAS/MSAS? The European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System (EGNOS) is European Space Agency developed service to improve the overall integrity of the GPS signal and increase position accuracy for users in Europe. In North America, EGNOS is referred to as W AAS.
Using the LORAN TD Format When creating new waypoints using LORAN TD coordinates, you must set the correct LORAN chain number and secondary stations in the Setup TD field before storing the waypoint.
Map Datums and Location Formats Map Datums are based on a mathematical model of the Earth. What Are a Map Datums? A datum is a mathematical model of the Earth that approximates the shape of the Earth and enables calculations to be carried out in a consistent and accurate manner .
Digital Selective Calling (DSC) DSC uses marine VHF radio GPS technologies to transmit and receive location information. DSC is used by mariners to assist them in two major areas: distress calls and position reporting. A non-emergency DSC position report allows mariners to exchange and display the positions of one another .
Each entry in the Call List and Log has a corresponding DSC Entry Review Page. This page operates similarly to the Distress Page and Position Report Page. From the DSC Entry Review , you can Delete the entry , Save it as a waypoint, or show the location on the map.
DSC Log Receiving a Position Report or Distress Call After you receive a Position Report or a Distress Call, you can quickly navigate to the location. Highlight a call from the Call List or Log and press Direct T o . The top selection in the Navigate Menu is highlighted.
New Directory Item Page Enter the MMSI number , name, and a comment (if needed) in the fields. Highlight OK and press ENTER to save the directory entry . After creating a New Directory Item, the name created is attached to that particular MMSI number .
What is a Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) Number? MMSI allows a VHF radio to act like a phone. The 9-digit MMSI number acts like a phone number when used in a position report and as a unique identifier to the Coast Guard when used in an emergency distress call.
How Can Garmin Help Y ou with DSC? T o receive distress calls or position reports, you must have a DSC-equipped chartplotter as well as a VHF radio with DSC support. During normal, non-emergency position report communication, Channel 70 (156.525 MHz) has been set aside as the VHF/DSC digital call channel.
Messages Accuracy Alarm —the GPS accuracy has fallen outside of user-set value. Alarm Clock —the alarm clock has sounded. Antenna Shorted to Ground —the external GPS antenna has an electrical connection problem. Contact Garmin Product Support. Approaching T urn —you are nearing a turn in a route.
Off Course —you are off course by the distance set in the Of f Course Alarm. Proximity Memory Full —no additional proximity waypoints can be saved. Proximity Radius Overlaps —the radius of two proximity waypoints overlap. Route Already Exists —you have entered a route name that already exists.
Data Field Options The following list provides a brief description of each data field option. Some of these options are supported only by devices interfaced to your GPSMAP 278. Accuracy —the current accuracy of your GPS determined location. Battery T imer —the time remaining on the battery before it is fully discharged.
Sunrise —the time at which the sun rises on this day . Sunset —the time at which the sun sets on this day . Time —the current time and date. It can be shown in 12-hour or 24-hour format in local time or universal (UTC) time. T rack —the direction of movement relative to a ground position.
Software License Agreement BY USING THE GPSMAP 278, YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE FOLLOWING SOFTW ARE LICENSE AGREEMENT . PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULL Y .
Limited W arranty This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for one year from the date of purchase. W ithin this period, Garmin will at its sole option repair or replace any components that fail in normal use.
FCC Compliance The GPSMAP 278 complies with Part 15 of the FCC interference limits for Class B digital devices FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE. These limits are designed to provide more reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation, and are more stringent than “outdoor” requirements.
I NDEX A accessories 103 accuracy alarm 72 acquiring satellites 5 active route page 54 options menu 54 active track tab 38, 41 AC outlet 2 add to route 22, 26, 31, 62 advanced NMEA output setup 88 alarms 80 anchor drag 72 arrival 72 DSC 1 12, 115 navigation 72 next turn 72 off course 72 proximity 36 sonar 73 system 72 alarms tab 71 alerts.
distance and speed 84 distress calls 69, 1 12–117 drift 73 DSC 69, 1 12–113 DSC T ab 69 E edit route 25, 26, 61 waypoints 33 editing a waypoint 33 EGNOS 6, 81 emergency 1 12 entering data 9 erase track log 39 European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System.
MayDay 1 15, 117 measuring distance 48 messages 120 message tab 78 mils 84 MMSI 69, 1 16 MOB 14, 16 month view 74 moon information 76 N NA V/MOB 16 navigate route 14, 24, 57 track 14, 16, 41, 57 navig.
signal strength 5 simulate 6, 81 GPS 5 simulator mode new location 12 software license agreement 122 sonar 90, 91–94 adjusting 92–94 alarms 72 on the map page 90 setting up 95, 97 understanding 99.
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For the latest fr ee software updates (excluding map data) throughout the life of your Garmin products , visit the Garmin W eb site at www .garmin.com . © Copyright 2006 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries Garmin International, Inc. 1200 East 151 st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, USA Garmin (Europe) Ltd.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Garmin 278 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Garmin 278 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Garmin 278 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Garmin 278 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Garmin 278, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Garmin 278.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Garmin 278. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Garmin 278 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
