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92B/96B/99B/105B ScopeMeter Users Manual 4822 872 00724 March 1996, Rev . 4, 1/99 1996, 1999 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the Netherlands All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
I TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING YOUR SCOPEMETER TEST TOOL SCOPEMETER TEST TOOL FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 USING THE HOLSTER AND THE TILT STAND . . . . . . . .
II 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual CHAPTER 4 USING THE DUAL DISPLAY MODE FUNCTIONS MAKING CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 SELECTING A MAIN MODE . . . .
III CHAPTER 6 USING ADDITIONAL CAPABILITIES MAKING MEASUREMENTS USING THE CURSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 DELETING MEMORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IV 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual CHAPTER 9 APPENDIXES APPENDIX 9A SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3 APPENDIX 9B PARTS AND ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VI 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual ABOUT THIS MANUAL Chapter 1 Introducing the ScopeMeter Te s t To o l This chapter introduces features and capabilities of your ScopeMeter test tool. Chapter 2 Getting Started This chapter provides a 15-minute demonstration intended for those who are not familiar with the ScopeMeter test tool.
VII Index The index at the end of the manual lists words alphabetically . Consult this list to find an item quickly . NOTE Throughout this manual an through a model number () indicates that the function being discussed does not apply to that specific model number .
VIII 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual WA R N I N G READ "SAFETY" CAREFULL Y BEFORE USING YOUR SCOPEMETER TEST TOOL. SAFETY The instrument described in this manual is designed to be used only by qualified personnel.
IX The ScopeMeter test tool uses a three-lead connection sys- tem for dual input, isolated (electrically floating) measure- ments. The connections for isolated and grounded measurements are shown in the following illustration.
X 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual If Safety-Protection is Impaired Use of equipment in a manner not specified may impair the protection provided by the equipment.
XI DECLARA TION OF CONFORMITY for FLUKE 92B/96B/99B/105B ScopeMeter ® Series II T est T ool Manufacturer Fluke Industrial B.V . Lelyweg 1 7602 EA Almelo The Netherlands Statement of Conformity Based .
XII 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual WA R N I N G T o prevent electric shock and personal injury , Mini T est Hooks and HF Adapters must not be connected to any voltage higher than 42V peak (30V rms) to earth. Always pay attention to the markings on the accessories.
XIII Single Input Connection with High V oltage Te s t P i n Single Input Connection with High V oltage T est Pin & AC20 Dual Input Connections with Industrial Alligator Clips (PM9084/001 & AC20) Single Input Connection with Industrial Alligator Clips (PM9084/001 & AC20) Figure 3.
SCOPEMETER TEST TOOL FEATURES . . . . . . . . . 1-2 ScopeMeter Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Scope Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Digital MultiMeter Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 - 2 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual SCOPEMETER TEST TOOL FEA TURES Y our ScopeMeter test tool combines the capabilities of an easy-to-use digital storage oscilloscope with the versatility of a digital multimeter .
Introducing The ScopeMeter Test Tool 1 - 3 USING THE HOLSTER AND THE TIL T ST AND The ScopeMeter test tool is cradled in a holster that provides shock protection during rough handling. All keys and connections are accessible with the holster in place.
1 - 4 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual POWERING THE SCOPEMETER TEST TOOL The test tool can be powered from any of the following sources. Refer to Figure 1-2. • Internal Battery Pack (PM9086) A rechargeable NiCad Battery Pack comes installed in every test tool.
Introducing The ScopeMeter Test Tool 1 - 5 MINIMIZING SIGNAL NOISE In general, using your test tool on battery power only will minimize noise pickup. Using the 10:1 probe will help in noise rejection.
1 - 6 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual CHARGING THE BA TTER Y WA R N I N G TO A VOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK, USE ONL Y A BA TTERY CHARGER THA T IS AUTHORIZED FOR USE WITH SCOPEMETER TEST TOOL. Use the following procedure to charge the battery pack and power the instrument: 1.
Introducing The ScopeMeter Test Tool 1 - 7 LOOKING A T ALL MEASUREMENT CONNECTIONS The ScopeMeter test tool provides four signal connection points: two safety BNC jack inputs (red INPUT A and grey INPUT B) and two safety 4-mm banana jack inputs (COM and Ω EXT .
1 - 8 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual RS-232 Optical Interface Connection The Optically Isolated RS-232 Adapter/Cable (PM9080) can be connected to the test tool for printer output and computer interface.
Introducing The ScopeMeter Test Tool 1 - 9 Reading a Dual Display Main Display: Displays the numeric readings combined with a full screen-width waveform display . Bottom Display: Displays the menu that provides choices available through the function keys and shows which are active.
1 - 10 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual USING THE KEYS Figure 1-5. The Keypad The keys with a predefined function, regardless of the test tool's mode, are called keys or hard keys. Usally they give access to a menu, where items can be selected. The two yellow keys and provide the possible ways to find your measurement.
Introducing The ScopeMeter Test Tool 1 - 11 Figure 1-6 shows the basic navigation of the test tool. Figure 1-6. Basic Navigation The five blue keys , , , , and are called function keys. These keys change function based on the present active menu. Actual function key definitions appear on the bottom display .
1 - 12 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual STEPPING THROUGH A WINDOW When a window appears, the assignments to the function keys change as follows: is the 'CLOSE' key , which closes the active window . is the 'CANCEL' key , which ignores changed selections and closes the active windo w.
Introducing The ScopeMeter Test Tool 1 - 13 USING ON-LINE INFORMA TION Y ou can get information about functions at any time by pressing . The short descriptions will help you under- stand how the test tool functions.
ADJUSTING THE DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Adjusting the Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Using the Backlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 SELECTING THE PROBE TYPE . . . . . . . . .
2 - 2 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual This chapter provides a 15-minute demonstration intended for those who are not familiar with the ScopeMeter test tool. It gives some hands-on experience, with an emphasis on learning by seeing and doing. Those who are familiar with the test tool can skip the following pages and continue to Chapter 3.
Getting Started 2 - 3 ADJUSTING THE DISPLA Y Adjusting the Contrast • Use to adjust the contrast of the display to your preference. Note that new contrast adjustment of the display is stored in memory until a new adjustment is made.
2 - 4 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual SELECTING THE PROBE TYPE T o prevent measurement errors, ensure that your test tool is adapted to your probe at power-on. Note that the PM8918 probes, delivered with the test tool, have an attenuation of 10:1. For accurate measurement, periodic probe calibrations are necessary .
Getting Started 2 - 5 Power-on/save memory This procedure also resets the ScopeMeter test tool and sets the probe range to 10:1. The Reset does not clear the memories. 1. T urn the test tool off. 2. Press and hold . 3. Press and release . The test tool turns on, and you should hear a double beep.
2 - 6 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual 1. + Perform a Reset at Power ON. At power-on, all five function key definitions in the bottom display are assigned to the Main menu. Notice that METER is highlighted. Ensure the probe range is 10:1, as indicated on the displ ay.
Getting Started 2 - 7 3. Open the VOL T measurement menu; a list of the voltage measurements appears on the display 4. + Use these keys to choose a measurement. For now , highlight V rms AC+DC . 5. Press this function key to select V rms AC+DC. The selected V rms AC+DC reading appears as the main top reading on the display .
2 - 8 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual 8. Some measurements are done in another mode. This message appears in a double-lined box on the display: "This measurement is possible in SCOPE mode. Change to SCOPE mode now ?". 9. The test tool changes automatically to the Scope mode.
Getting Started 2 - 9 If you have not already done so, perform a + reset. 1. The range increases and ranging is set to MANUAL. A Vrms AC and a V DC reading appear , and the amplitude of the graphical representation decreases. 2. Press this key once to measure a stable display .
2 - 10 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual 6. Open the Meter-submenu mode. The five function keys are now assigned to the meter- submenu identifiers. 7. Open the More Meter window . The window enables you to change several settings in Meter mode. 8. Go to the next page and find more settings that you can change.
Getting Started 2 - 11 If you have not already done so perform a + reset. 1. Activate the Scope Mode, then press . An image of the waveform appears on the display . The top display shows the attenuato r, probe, time base, and trigger information. 2. The waveform amplitude decreases.
2 - 12 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual 6. The test tool automatically selects attenuation, time base, and triggering to give you a readable display of the waveform. 7. Press this to look at the T rigger menu now . 8. This begins to display as the waveform rises above the trigger level (+SLOPE) or falls below the trigger level (-SLOPE).
Getting Started 2 - 13 10. Adjust the trigger level: the " " icon moves upward as you change the trigger level. When the level is more than the waveform value, RUN changes into NOTRIG , and the display becomes unstable; your test tool is no longer triggered.
MAKING CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 USING THE MEASUREMENT FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . 3-3 USING A SHORTCUT TO MOST COMMONLY MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 ORDERING MEASUREMENT READINGS . . . . . . . 3-10 MEASURING FUNCTIONS NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE MEASURE MENU .
3 - 2 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual MAKING CONNECTIONS ScopeMeter test tool measurement connections are illustrated in Figure 3-1. Use the red INPUT A BNC jack or the red and black 4 mm banana jacks for measurements. The ScopeMeter test tool informs you when to use INPUT A or the banana jacks.
Making Measurements 3 - 3 USING THE MEASUREMENT FUNCTIONS Use the Measure menu to choose one or more automatic measurements. Simply choose your desired measurement and the test tool sets itself up and displays the result. • Regardless of the mode you are in, press to access the Measure menu.
3 - 4 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual On a page, use and to highlight the desired measurement, then press to select. This activates your chosen measurement and closes the window . The measurement result is instantly displayed on the screen. See Figure 3-2 for screen examples in Dual Display mode and Scope mode.
Making Measurements 3 - 5 Page 2 of 7: NOTE INPUT A in Meter mode can make separate V DC and Vrms AC measurements on the same signal at the same time. V DC and Vrms AC readings are normally displayed together . V DC METER Measure the DC (direct) voltage of the input signal in Meter mode.
3 - 6 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Page 4 of 7: A DC METER Measure the DC current in Meter mode with a Current probe (available as an option) that is connected to the INPUT A BNC. This is done with DC- coupled input. A list box enables you to select the proper range: 1, 10, 100 mV/A, or 1 V/A.
Making Measurements 3 - 7 Page 5 of 7: Hz METER Measure the frequency of the input signal in Meter mode. Hz SCOPE Measure the frequency of the waveform in Scope mode.
3 - 8 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Page 7 of 7: RPM 1 METER (revolutions per minute) Measure one count per revolution in Meter mode. RPM 2 METER (revolutions per minute) Measure one count per two revolutions in Meter mode. dt (delta time) SCOPE Measure the time difference between the (vertical) cursors in Scope mode.
Making Measurements 3 - 9 USING A SHORTCUT TO MOST COMMONL Y MEASUREMENTS From the Measure menu, you can also find many most commonly used measurements directly under one of the function keys , , , or . Press one of the four function keys to choose the type of measurement: V , Hz, dB, or TIME.
3 - 10 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual ORDERING MEASUREMENT READINGS At default, three measurement readings are displayed at the same time, although you can display up to four readings.
Making Measurements 3 - 11 dBm AC (decibel milliwatt) Measure the power ratio of the AC component of a signal with respect to 1 mW in Meter mode. This is done with DC-coupled input. dBm AC (no DC) (decibel milliwatt) Measure the power ratio of the AC and DC components of a signal with respect to 1 mW in Meter mode.
3 - 12 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual MEASUREMENTS MAP The measurements can be selected in various menus. The following Measurements map shows where you can find all measurements.
Making Measurements 3 - 13 Power Measurements dBV DC • • • dBV AC •• • dBV AC+DC • • dBV AC (no DC) • dBm DC • • • dBm AC •• • dBm AC+DC • • dBm AC (no DC) • dBW DC.
3 - 14 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Ampere Measurements A DC •• • A AC • • • A AC+DC •• • A AC (no DC) • T emperature Measurements ° C • ° F • Resistance Measurements Ohm .
MAKING CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 SELECTING A MAIN MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 SELECTING RANGES (MANUAL/AUTO RANGE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 HOLDING A STABLE MEASUREMENT (TOUCH HOLD ) .
4 - 2 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual MAKING CONNECTIONS ScopeMeter test tool measurement connections are illus- trated in Figure 4-1. Use the red INPUT A BNC jack for Scope and Meter modes. Use the grey INPUT B BNC jack as a second input for Scope measurements.
Using the Dual Display Mode Functions 4 - 3 SELECTING A MAIN MODE At power-on, the main menu at the bottom of the display is always shown. T o get the main menu from another menu or screen, press . Choose a main mode with any of the function keys: , , , , or .
4 - 4 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual If necessary , you can select the range of both the scope trace and meter display , and the time base speed. • Press to select the desired attenuation. Ranges are from 1V to 3 kV (V rms: 2.5 kV) with 10:1 probe, or from 100 mV to 300V (V rms: 250V) with direct 1:1 input.
Using the Dual Display Mode Functions 4 - 5 The measurement result is displayed as a 3 2/3-digit display . The ranges are 30 Ω (manual only), 300 Ω , 3 k Ω , 30 k Ω , 300 k Ω , 3 M Ω , and 30 M Ω . A beeper alert is generated at <5% of a selected range in Manual Range mode.
4 - 6 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual EXT ernal milliV olt function. Signals supplied to the red and black 4-mm banana jack inputs are measured. The red banana jack is the high input, and the black banana jack (COM) is the low . The ranges are 300 mV , and 3V .
Using the Dual Display Mode Functions 4 - 7 SELECTING RANGES (MANUAL/AUTO RANGE) In manual range, the input attenuator range can be changed by pressing the INPUT A key or , when these are assigned to . If in auto range, this switches automatically to manual range, and MANUAL appears in the top right of the display .
4 - 8 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual HOLDING A ST ABLE MEASUREMENT (TOUCH HOLD ) The T ouch Hold function captures the next stable measurement and a beep indicates that a stable measurement has been made. When the T ouch Hold function is turned on, the numeric display is frozen (held) until a stable measurement is detected.
Using the Dual Display Mode Functions 4 - 9 DISPLA YING MINIMUM MAXIMUM READINGS WITH RELATED TRENDPLOT The MIN MAX recording function is used to display several characteristics of the present main reading over time in the form of readings and a graphical plot (Min Max T rendPlot™).
4 - 10 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Generating a Min Max T rendPlot with the Fluke 92B With the Fluke 92B, you can generate a Min Max T rendPlot of the present main reading, as follows: 1.
Using the Dual Display Mode Functions 4 - 11 Using 'Time from start' or 'T ime of day' stamps with the Fluke 96B, 99B, or 105B Y ou can select the recording time stamps to indicate.
4 - 12 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Stopping Recording, Freezing the Display , and Examining the Results While recording is in progress, you can press at any time to stop recording. HOLD appears in the top right of the display and the display is frozen.
Using the Dual Display Mode Functions 4 - 13 SELECTING THE SCOPEMETER KEY SUBMENU From any main mode, you can access the main mode sub- menu by pressing for more control over the selected mode.
4 - 14 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual MAKING MEASUREMENTS IN METER AND EXT .mV MODE In Meter and EXT .mV mode you can make the same measurements as found in the Measure Menu. T o find these measurements, select ADD MAIN READING in the Submenu MORE window .
Using the Dual Display Mode Functions 4 - 15 Readings as a Percent Change from Reference Point (Zero % ∆ ) Select "ZERO % ∆ " to set the present upper reading as the relative reference. Subsequent readings are displayed as a percentage of variation (delta) from this point.
4 - 16 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual A typical scaling display is shown in the figure below: Scaling in Combination with Min Max T rendplot™ Recording T o generate a Min Max T rendplot of a scaled reading, proceed as follows: • Select a reading you want to scale.
MAKING CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 MAKING AN EASY SETUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 CONTROLLING INPUTS A AND B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 Selecting the Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
USING THE MIN MAX ENVELOPE FUNCTION OF THE FLUKE 92B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21 Using the Min Max Envelope Function . . . . . . . . 5-21 USING THE SCOPE RECORD AND MIN MAX ENVELOPE FUNCTIONS OF THE FLUKE 96B, 99B, or 105B . . . . . . . . . . .
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 3 MAKING CONNECTIONS Scope connections are illustrated in Figure 5-1. Maximum scope inputs on either BNC are as follows: • Maximum input signal voltage: 300V rms direct • Maximum input signal voltage: 600V rms when using 10:1 probe • V oltage to ground: 600V rms Input impedance is 10 M Ω /15 pF with the 10:1 probe.
5 - 4 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual MAKING AN EASY SETUP Continuous Auto Set automatically selects the optimum settings for connected input signals and keeps track of any variation of the signal.
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 5 Capturing Glitches Press on INPUT A to turn GLITCH DETECT ion on. This function displays the events that occur between two samples on INPUT A. INPUT B is turned off. The events can be glitches or other asynchronous waveforms that are 40 ns (nanoseconds) or wider .
5 - 6 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual ADJUSTING THE TIME BASE Press to increase or decrease the number of periods. The time base readout is on the second row of the top display .
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 7 POSITIONING THE W A VEFORM ON THE DISPLA Y Considerable flexibility is offered in moving the trace(s) around the display . and reposition the trace up or down maximum four divisions. This operation can be done separately for each input.
5 - 8 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual ACQUIRING W A VEFORMS Choosing Recurrent or Single Acquisition Y ou can instruct the ScopeMeter test tool to continuously update its display , giving you a dynamic look at waveform activity as it occurs ( RECURRENT ).
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 9 Using "Zoom" to Increase or Decrease Time Resolution Zoom displays a waveform with increased time resolution, giving up to 1000x magnification. Use the following procedure to Zoom in a waveform: 1. Press 2. Use the and keys to highlight "scope zoom".
5 - 10 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual SELECTING THE SCOPE SUBMENU From the Scope mode, press to open the Scope mode submenu. This gives you more control over the Scope mode. Figure 5-6 shows the Scope Submenu. Figure 5-6. Scope Submenu Refer to Chapter 6 for descriptions of the (ZERO ∆ ) and (CURSOR READING) function ke y.
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 11 Smoothing the W aveform (A verage) The test tool can average multiple samples of a waveform, allowing for noise suppression without loss of bandwidth. T o select average in the Scope mode, do the following: 1. From the More Scope window , highlight A VERAGE W A VEFORMS.
5 - 12 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual TRIGGERING T rigger Basics T riggering tells the ScopeMeter test tool when to begin displaying the waveform. Y ou can select which input signal should be used as the source, on which edge this should occur , and at what waveform level it should occur .
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 13 • Press to open the T rigger menu. Figure 5-1 1. T rigger Menu Selecting a T rigger Source Press to enter the MORE TRIGGER window , then highlight TRIGGER SOURCE and press to open the list box. Select one of the following trigger sources: INPUT A, INPUT B, EXTERN 2V (via external trigger input), EXTERN 0.
5 - 14 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Adjusting the T rigger Level T o adjust the test tool’s trigger level, do the following: 1. Select INPUT A or INPUT B as trigger source. (The trigger levels of the other sources are fixed.) 2. Press to open the ADJUST LEVEL box.
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 15 The TV T riggering Function The TV trigger function allows you to examine frames, fields, and lines of TV signals for various TV systems. Figure 5-12. TV T rigger Menu Overview of the TV T rigger functions T o use the TV trigger function, press ; then press to open the TV trigger menu shown in Figure 5-12.
5 - 16 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Selecting TV System and Scan Rate Before using TV triggering, make sure that the test tool is set for the correct TV system and scan rate. The TV system setting is shown at the top of the display , as shown in Figure 5-13.
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 17 Using the LINES T rigger Function With this function, all lines are displayed. The test tool triggers on the horizontal synchronization pulse (line sync). T o activate the LINES trigger function, open the TV trigger menu (see Figure 5-12); then press to highlight LINES.
5 - 18 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Using the SELECT LINE Trigger Function With this function, the test tool can trigger on any specific line in a frame. T o select a line, refer to Figure 5-12 and do the following: 1. From the TV T rigger Menu, press (SELECT LINE) to display the select line menu (see Figure 5-14).
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 19 NOTE When viewing signals from an interlaced video system, you may need to use the 4-field sequence function to get a stable display , as described in the next section, "Using the 4-Field Sequence Function".
5 - 20 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual T o use the 4-field sequence function, do the following: 1. From the TV trigger menu, press (4-FIELD SEQUENCE). NOTE When you have set 'TV system: VIDEO Non-interlaced' in the MORE TRIGGER menu, the 4-FIELD SEQUENCE menu option is disabled (not visible on the display shown in Figure 5-14).
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 21 USING THE MIN MAX ENVELOPE FUNCTION OF THE FLUKE 92B This function displays changes in the shape of a waveform as a grey area around the actual trace. It keeps track of minimum and maximum values that occur over time. Using the Min Max Envelope Function T o use this function, do the following: 1.
5 - 22 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual USING THE SCOPE RECORD AND MIN MAX ENVELOPE FUNCTIONS OF THE FLUKE 96B, 99B, or 105B In SCOPE mode, press to access the waveform recording functions (see Figure 5.16). Y ou can use these functions to examine waveform changes over time.
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 23 Using the ScopeRecord™ function Before you start the ScopeRecord, make the following preparations: 1. Determine whether you need a single ScopeRecord that stops when the record memory is full (SINGLE SWEEP), or a continuous ScopeRecord that stops only by pressing .
5 - 24 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Examining the ScopeRecord™ T o examine a ScopeRecord, do the following: 1. From the Min Max Record menu press (EXAMINE). See Figure 5-16. The following menu appears: Figure 5-17. Examine menu 2. Use to scroll horizontally through the ScopeRecord.
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 25 Using the Min Max Envelope Function T o start this function, do the following: 1. From the Min Max Record menu press (MIN MAX ENVELOPE). NOTE Any change in attenuation or time base will start a new Min Max envelope recording.
5 - 26 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual MAKING COMBINA TIONS WITH INPUT A AND INPUT B Press on INPUT B to select A+B to show INPUTS A and B added together or to select A-B to show INPUT B subtracted from INPUT A. Y ou can also choose A+B and A-B from the MORE INPUT A or MORE INPUT B window .
Using in Scope Mode 5 - 27 ADAPTING THE DISPLA Y Y ou can adapt the display to your preference as follows: 1. Press . 2. Press to open the Display Menu window . Selecting a Dot Size 3. Use to highlight DOT SIZE and press to open the list box. 4. Choose a dotsize: SMALL, MEDIUM, or LARGE and press to select.
5 - 28 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual In the DISPLA Y window you can also choose the DOT JOIN function, which either shows the individual measure- ment samples or joins them together to give a continuous trace. DISPLA Y MODE allows you to select normal or reverse video.
MAKING MEASUREMENTS USING THE CURSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 Adding a Cursor Main Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 DELETING MEMORIES .
6 - 2 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual MAKING MEASUREMENTS USING THE CURSORS The Cursors allow you to make precise digital measurements of waveform activity between measurement areas. This can be done on live waveforms and on saved waveforms. • From Scope mode, press to turn on (and off) the cursor readings.
Using Additional Capabilities 6 - 3 When the cursor readings are turned on, you can choose one or more measurements as follows: 1. From Scope mode, press to open to the More Scope window . 2. From the second screen page of the More Scope win- dow , highlight ADD MAIN READING.
6 - 4 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual In this example, the markers are defining sample points for measuring frequency . NOTE Markers may be easier to see when you press and freeze the waveform.
Using Additional Capabilities 6 - 5 • t2 from TRIG Measures the time difference between the trigger occurrence and the right cursor . • V1 Measures the voltage amplitude where the left cursor crosses the waveform. • V2 Measures the voltage amplitude where the right cursor crosses the waveform.
6 - 6 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual DELETING MEMORIES Open the Delete Menu at any time by pressing and . Figure 6-4. Delete Memory List Box Y ou can now delete all memories or selected memories (Screen memories, W aveform memories, or Setup memories).
Using Additional Capabilities 6 - 7 SA VING TO MEMOR Y Y ou can save screens, waveforms, and setups to memory , copy them between memories, and recall them from memory . T en nonvolatile Screen memories, 20 nonvolatile W aveform memories, and 40 nonvolatile Setup memories are available.
6 - 8 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Copying W aveforms or Settings T o copy a waveform or setting from one memory to another , press to open the More Save window . Figure 6-5. More Save Window First choose what you want to copy , a waveform or a setting.
Using Additional Capabilities 6 - 9 2. Use (PREVIOUS SCREEN) or (NEXT SCREEN) to step through the saved screens. 3. Press to replace the actual setup with the recalled setup that belongs to the saved screen. Recalling a W aveform 1. Press (RECALL W A VEFORM) to recall a saved waveform from waveform memory .
6 - 10 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual T o reposition any of the recalled waveforms on the display , first select the appropriate waveform separately by pressing , highlight "move #" in the list box with and , and press to select. appears in the right bottom of the display .
Using Additional Capabilities 6 - 11 USING W A VEFORM M ATH FUNCTIONS Y ou can perform several math functions on the various waveforms or memories. • ADD , SUBTRACT , and MUL TIPL Y require two oper- ands (SOURCE 1 and SOURCE 2). The operands can be selected from acquisition memories or waveform memories.
6 - 12 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Multiply Multiplies two waveforms (each sourced from an active input or a memory location) and stores the result in the next free waveform memory . For example, power can be calculated with MUL TIPL Y if SOURCE1 represents the voltage drop across a device and SOURCE 2 represents current through that device.
Using Additional Capabilities 6 - 13 Filter Any waveform (active input or memory) can be filtered, with the resulting waveform stored in a new memory location.
6 - 14 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual USING A PRINTER Connecting to a Printer Use the Optically Isolated RS-232 Adapter/Cable (PM9080/001) to connect a printer to the OPTICAL INTER- F ACE connection of the ScopeMeter test tool. See Figure 6-7. CAUTION Ensure that the printer is turned off during installation.
Using Additional Capabilities 6 - 15 SCREEN (default setting) Print a graphic copy of the actual display (Scope, Meter , or in any other mode). READINGS Print a numerical representation of the measured values in table form. Printing can be done once (single) or repetitively with a selected interval time.
6 - 16 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual WAV E F O R M S Print the selected waveform. The waveform is printed in a numerical format that represents sample data points (Scope mode only).
Using Additional Capabilities 6 - 17 USING THE W A VEFORM GENERA TOR Press and then to open the GENERA TE menu. Y ou can now select a waveform output at the red (GENE- RA TOR OUT) and black (COMmon) 4-mm banana jacks. Figure 6-9. Generator Menu 1. Select GENERA TOR OUTPUT and turn the generator on and off.
6 - 18 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual 2. Choose the type of TEST W A VEFORM: the test tool outputs a slow voltage sweep (-2V to +2V) or current sweep (0 to +3mA). 3. Choose the TEST PROBE COUPLING: AC or DC coupling. Connect the component to be tested between the red (GENERA TOR OUT) and black (COMmon) 4-mm banana jacks.
Using Additional Capabilities 6 - 19 SETTING THE DA TE AND TIME The ScopeMeter test tool has a real time clock that keeps track of date and time. The clock function is useful in combination with Min Max T rendplot™ if you want to know when a particular event occurred.
6 - 20 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Setting the Date Y ou can set the date as follows: 1. From the User Options menu, press (DA TE AND TIME) to open the Date and T ime menu. 2. Press (SET DA TE) to open the date menu. 3. T o change the month, press (SET MONTH).
Using Additional Capabilities 6 - 21 T o perform a selective reset, do the following: 1. From the User Options menu, press to open the MORE OPTIONS menu. 2. Press to open the RESET menu (see Figure 6-12). 3. Choose the reset options which include: the default settings for Master Reset, or selectively resetting any of the main modes, e.
6 - 22 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual AL TERING THE CONTINUOUS AUTO SET CONFIGURA TION When is pressed, the instrument assumes the Continuous Auto Set configuration. There are ways to alter the Continuous Auto Set configura- tion. These two methods are discussed below .
Using Additional Capabilities 6 - 23 The items shown in this window are divided into three pages. Select a page with (PREVIOUS P AGE) or (NEXT P AGE). 2. The first page in the window defines some basic actions taken during Auto Set. Specify whether the Continuous Auto Set will optimize trigger source and trigger slope during measurement.
MEASURING TEMPERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 MEASURING CURRENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4 MEASURING POWER WITH MATH FUNCTION . . . . 7-7 MEASURING THREE-PHASE ON A DUAL INPUT . . 7-9 MEASURING PHASE USING THE CURSORS .
7 - 2 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual This chapter examines some typical measurements that can be made with your ScopeMeter test tool. The exam- ples given can be used as an aid in many applications. MEASURING TEMPERA TURE T emperature is an often measured characteristic.
Measuring Examples 7 - 3 Move the slide switch on the probe to the °C position. The actual air temperature appears on the display . The test tool starts continuously recording the air temperature and graphs the minimum, maximum, and average temperatures on the display .
7 - 4 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual MEASURING CURRENT The 80i-1000s Current Probe is an optional accessory designed for use with the ScopeMeter test tool to measure current flow in electrical circuits. The reading in the Measure menu can be assigned to current (amps) sensed by the Current Probe.
Measuring Examples 7 - 5 Set current probe range switch to 10 mV/A. + Do a Reset; probe scaling factor is 10:1. Select page 4 of the More Measure window . : A AC+DC METER : 10 mV/A Select Current Probe range. Clamp the Current Probe jaws around the conductor to be measured.
7 - 6 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual T o see the current as a waveform, set the test tool as follows: Set Current Probe range switch to 10 mV/A. + Do a Reset; probe scaling factor is 10:1. Select Scope mode. Select Continuous Auto Set. Select the Probe A menu.
Measuring Examples 7 - 7 MEASURING POWER WITH MA TH FUNCTION When used with the optional 80i-1000s Current Probe, the ScopeMeter test tool is able to measure voltage and current at the same time. This may be used to measure average power consumption of an electrical load on a single-phase circuit.
7 - 8 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Select Continuous Auto Set. Open the Math menu. Select each item. Store the resulting waveform in Destination memory 1. Close the window . In Figure 7-7, INPUT A represents the current measure- ment, INPUT B the voltage measurement, and Destination memory 1 the product (equals power).
Measuring Examples 7 - 9 MEASURING THREE-PHASE ON A DUAL INPUT Dual input measurements can be used for many applica- tions. This example shows how to use these measure- ments to determine phase rotation of a "Y" connected three-phase system at a load center .
7 - 10 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Make sure the circuit breaker is turned off. Connect the test tool to two circuit breakers of two different phases and the neutral bus bar as shown in Figure 7-9. Use the alligator clips for the red and grey 10:1 probes and black multimeter test lead.
Measuring Examples 7 - 11 The upper display in Figure 7-10 shows that phase 2 (INPUT B) follows phase 1 (INPUT A). The lower display shows that phase 3 follows phase 1. Figure 7-10. Phase Measurements : V rms AC (METER) The V olt RMS readout (about 230 Vrms) appears on the display .
7 - 12 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual MEASURING PHASE USING THE CURSORS In this example you will use the cursors to measure the phase difference between the waveforms on INPUT A and B. Use the two waveforms from the dual input three-phase measurement in the previous exercise.
Measuring Examples 7 - 13 The display shows the phase between the waveforms on INPUT A and INPUT B: "phase A>B -120°" (see Figure 7-12). T o identify the point on the waveforms where the measure- ment has occurred, you can use the markers on page 3 within the More Scope window .
7 - 14 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual MEASURING PULSE RESPONSE OF AN AMPLIFIER In this example you will use cursors to measure the rise time of a pulse. Rise time is an indication of the bandwidth limitation of an analog amplifier . First you determine the 0% and 100% reference points of the waveform to be measured.
Measuring Examples 7 - 15 Set the left cursor to the low level of the waveform: see Figure 7-14. This is the 0% reference point. Set the right cursor to the high level of the waveform: see Figure 7-14. This is the 100% reference point. The test tool instantly displays the rise time: "156 ns".
CLEANING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 KEEPING BATTERIES IN OPTIMAL CONDITION . . 8-2 REPLACING AND DISPOSING OF BATTERIES . . . 8-3 REPLACING FUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5 CALIBRATING THE PROBES .
8 - 2 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual WA R N I N G RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK OR FIRE: USE ONL Y INSULA TED PROBES, TEST LEADS, AND CONNECTORS SPECIFIED IN THIS MANUAL WHEN MAKING MEASUREMENTS >42V PEAK (30V RMS) ABOVE EARTH GROUND OR ON CIRCUITS >4800 VA.
User Maintenance 8 - 3 Y ou can revitalize a battery pack with too low capacity as follows: 1. Reset the ScopeMeter test tool ( + ), and ensure that the test tool is battery operated. 2. Press . 3. Press This disables the battery save feature when no key entry is made for 5 minutes.
8 - 4 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual 6. Install a new NiCad battery pack (PM9086) or new alkaline (C Cell) batteries (type KR27/50 or R14) as shown in Figure 8.1. NOTE Ensure that the NiCad battery pack charging contact is aligned in the battery compartment as shown in Figure 8.
User Maintenance 8 - 5 REPLACING FUSES Since the test tool uses electronically protected inputs, no fuses are required. CALIBRA TING THE PROBES The following procedures describe dc calibration and ac adjustment for the 10:1 probe used on INPUT A (red scope probe) and INPUT B (grey scope probe).
8 - 6 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual 6. Use to highlight 10:1, and press to select. 7. Use to select CALIBRA TE PROBE on A, and press to calibrate. The test tool outputs a voltage on the GENERA TOR OUT banana jack to the connected probe.
9A Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3 9B Parts and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15 9C PM8907 Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19 9D Warranty and Service Centers . . . . . . .
Appendixes 9 - 3 INTRODUCTION Performance Characteristics FLUKE guarantees the properties expressed in numerical values with the stated tolera nce. Specified non-tolerance numerical values indicate those that coul d be nominally expected from the mean of a range of identical ScopeMeter test tools.
9 - 4 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual MEASURE MENU The Measure menu gives direct access to over 30 measurements; the best operatin g mode is automati cally selected.
Appendixes 9 - 5 Single Shot ............. .................... .............100 ns to 1 s/div Dual input alternating ........................ .100 ns to 20 µ s/div Dual input chopped ..................................50 µ s to 1 s/div Roll ........
9 - 6 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual METER MODE Displays up to four readings and a full screen scope waveform of INPUT A. DC V oltage Ranges direct input ................ . 100 mV , 300 mV , 1V , 3V , 10V , 30V , 100V , 3 00V with 10:1 probe ......... 1V , 3V , 10V , 30V , 100V , 300V , 1 kV , 3 kV (limit 600V) Accuracy .
Appendixes 9 - 7 Ω MODE (external 4-mm banana jack inputs) Ranges ..... 30 Ω , 300 Ω , 3 k Ω , 30 k Ω , 300 k Ω , 3 M Ω , 30 M Ω Accuracy (300 Ω to 30 M Ω ) ... ........... ......... ± (0.5% +5 counts) Accuracy (30 Ω ) .........
9 - 8 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual METER, Ω , DIODE, and EXTERNAL mV MODE FUNCTIONS Smoo th .... Moving average of readings for ab out last 8 sec. Normal ........ <3.5 seconds response time for inputs >50 Hz Fast ............. ....<1 second response time for inputs >50 Hz Change Alert™ .
Appendixes 9 - 9 GENERAL SPECIFICA TIONS The accuracy of all measurements is within +(% of reading + number of counts) from 18 °C to 28 °C. Add 0.1 x (specific accuracy) for each °C <18 °C or >28 °C. Display Foil Compensated Super T wisted Liquid Crystal Size .
9 - 10 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Environmental (conti nued) Electromagnetic Interf erence .......... .............. ................. .............
Appendixes 9 - 11 T able 3 T able 4 Susceptibility: disturbance less than 10% of full scale Frequency range : 10 kHz to 25 MHz E = < 0.1V/m E = 1 V/m E = 3 V/m Stand alone - - - With PM8918 - - 1 mV/div to 2 mV/div Susceptibility: disturbance less than 10% of full scale Frequency range : 25 MHz to 1 GHz E = < 0.
9 - 12 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Multimeter mode (V dc, excluding probe facto r): T able 5 T able 6 T able 7 Susceptibility: no visible disturba nce Frequency range: 10 kHz to 25 MHz E = < 0.
Appendixes 9 - 13 Safety Designed to Insta llation Category III per IEC 1010, CSA C22.2 (including appro val), and UL1244 (including appro val) for 600V measurements on industrial power distributions systems. MAX. Input volt age on ...... ..........300V rms, 600V rms with INPUT A or INPUT B 10:1 probe MAX.
Appendixes 9 - 15 SERVICE MANUAL Part Number: 4822 872 05368 ST ANDARD KIT CONTENTS DESCRIPTION MODEL P ART NUMBER REMARK Y ellow Holster PM9083/001 --- NiCad Battery Pack (insta lled) PM9086/01 1 ---.
9 - 16 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual DESCRIPTION MODEL P ART NUMBER REMARK Probe Set 10:1 PM8918/002 --- set of two 10:1 Probe (Red) 5322 210 70139 10:1 Probe (Grey) 5322 210 70138 HF Adapter (2 x Bla.
Appendixes 9 - 17 DESCRIPTION MODEL P ART NUMBER REMARK Probe Accessory Set PM9094/002 --- HF Adapter (2 x Black) 5322 263 50193 Adapter Probe Tip to Banana (Red ) 5322 264 20096 Adapter Probe Tip to .
9 - 18 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual DESCRIPTION MODEL P ART NUMBER REMARK Users Manual (English ) 4822 872 00724 Users Manual (German) 4822 872 00725 Users Manual (French) 4822 872 00726 Users Manual.
Appendixes 9 - 19 Y our Sco peMeter test tool is powered by a PM8907 Powe r Adapter /Battery Charger . The version you use depends on the configuration ordere d. W ARNING TO A VOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK, CONNECT THE PM8907 POWER ADAPTER TO THE AC OUTLET BEFORE CONNECTION TO THE SCOPEMETER TEST TOOL .
9 - 20 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Figure 9C-1. PM8907 Versions CAUTION At delivery , the PM8907/808 i s set to 230V and is provided with a Power Supply Cord and Attachment Plug that is for use at the 1 15V setting only . When operating the unit at the 230V setting, you need a North American-to-European line plu g adapter .
Appendixes 9 - 21 LIMITED W ARRANTY & LIMIT A TION OF LIABILITY Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in materi al and workmanship und er normal use and service. The warranty period is three years and begins on the date of shipment.
9 - 22 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual T o obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center or send th e product, with a description of the difficulty , postage and insurance pre paid (FOB Destination), to th e nearest Fluke authorized service center .
Appendixes 9 - 23 The following list defines speci al terms used in this manual. The terms are listed in alphabetical order. Words shown in italics can be found elsewhere in the list.
9 - 24 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual BNC Coaxial-type input connector used for INPUT A and INPUT B. Bottom Display The lower part of the display , where the function key menu is listed.
Appendixes 9 - 25 Dual T race A feature that allo ws the ScopeMeter test tool to display two separate live waveforms at the same time. Duty Cycle Ra tio of a waveform with respect to the total waveform period, as measured in percent. Earth Ground Re ference point tha t is directly conn ected to the ground via a co nductor .
9 - 26 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Input Coupl ing Modes of signal transmission for INPUT A and INPUT B: AC coupling, D C coupling, and GND (Scope only). Input selection Select if and how the INPUTS A and B are displayed in Scope mode. This can be normal display , inverted display , or neither .
Appendixes 9 - 27 Probe Calibration A procedure tha t adjusts the ScopeMeter test tool internally to compensate for resistance variations between probes. Probes Measuring conductor tha t connects the ScopeMeter test tool to a circuit; specifically for use in the BNC jacks.
9 - 28 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Smooth (Scope ) Averages multiple samples of a waveform . Useful to suppress noise without lo ss of bandwidth . Square Wave A common waveform that consists of repeating square pulses.
Index I - 1 Symbol ° C Probe , 3-4 ° F Probe , 3-4 Ω Mode , 3-4, 4-4, 9-7 Mode , 3-4, 4-5, 9-7 , 1-13 Numerics 0%-100% , 4-15 1/dt , 3-8, 3-13, 6-4 10:1 Probes , 2-4 15-Minute Demonstration , 2-2 .
I - 2 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Battery Replacement , 8-4 Battery Save Feature , 8-3 Beeper Alert , 4-5, 4-13 BNC Jack , 1-7 Bottom Display , 1-9 C Calibrating the Probes , 8-5 CANCEL Key , 1-12 C.
Index I - 3 Default Settings , 6-20 Default Startup , 2-4 Delay , 5-14 Delay Time , 9-5 Delete Menu , 6-6 Deleting Memories , 6-6 Delta Time , 3-8 Diode , 3-4 Diode Test , 3-2, 4-5, 9-7 Display , 1-8,.
I - 4 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual H Heavy Duty Industrial Measurements , XIII Help Function , 1-13 Help Level , 6-21 HF Adapter , 1-7, 4-2 High Frequency Electronic Measurement , XII Hold , 4-10 Hol.
Index I - 5 Meter Operations , 2-10, 2-11, 2-12 Min Max , 4-9, 9-7 Min Max Envelope , 5-21, 5-22, 9-4 MIN MAX Recording , 4-9 Min Max Scaling, 4-16 Min Max Zero ∆ , 4-16 Mini Testhook , 1-7, 4-2 MOR.
I - 6 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual Probe Set 10:1 , 9-16 Probe Type , 2-4 Protection , X Pulse Response, 7-14 Pulse Width , 3-7, 9-6 Q Quick Measurement Demonstration , 2-7, 2-8, 2-9 Quick Operating .
Index I - 7 Smooth , 4-13, 9-7 Smoothing , 6-13 Special Functions Menu , 6-11, 6-17 Specifications , 9-3 Speed Up the Refresh Rate , 4-13 Stable Measurement , 4-8 Stand , 1-3 Start Printing , 6-16 Sub.
I - 8 92B/96B/99B/105B Users Manual V V1 left , 3-11, 6-5 V2 right , 3-11, 6-5 V DC , 3-5 V DC (mean) , 3-5, 6-5 V Max Peak , 3-5, 6-5 V Min Peak , 3-5, 6-5 V peak/peak , 3-5, 6-5 Vertical Resolution .
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Fluke 99B è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Fluke 99B - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Fluke 99B imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Fluke 99B ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Fluke 99B, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Fluke 99B.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Fluke 99B. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Fluke 99B insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
