Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto AT-WR4500 del fabbricante Allied Telesis
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PN 613-0 00813 Rev. B AT-WR4500 Series IEEE 802.11abgh O utdoor Wireles s Rou ters RouterOS v3 Configu ration and U ser Gu ide.
2 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Copyright © 2009 Allied Telesis International All rights r eserved. No part of this pu blication m ay be reproduce d without pr ior written permission from Allied Teles is International.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 3 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND DAMAGES THE PRODUCT AND THE SOFTWARES WITHIN ARE PROVIDED "AS IS," BASIS.
4 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de C ONTENTS 1 Introduction ........... ............ ............. ................ ............. ............ .................. ............ ..
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 5 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 4.3.15 Network Scan .............. ............ ................. ............ ............. ............ .................. ............. ...
6 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 6.1.2 DHCP Client Setu p................ ............ ................. ............ ............ ............. .................. ...........
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 7 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 8.5.3 Monitoring L2 TP Client ................... ............... ............. ............ ............. .................. ............ ...
8 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 10.1.5 HotSpot User Profiles ...................... ............... ............. ............ ............ .................. ............. .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 9 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de F IGURES Figure 1: AT-WR4 500 Ser ies typical application ............. ............. ............ ............. ................. ...........
10 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de P REFACE Purpose of Th is Guid e This guide describes the AT-WR450 0 Series Outdoor Wi rel.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 11 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de C ONTACTING A LLIED T ELESIS This section provides Allied Telesis contact information for technical supp ort as well as sales and corporate infor mation.
12 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 1 Intr oduc tion Thank you for p urchasing an AT-WR450 0 series Wireless Router . Please refer to th e ATWR45xx Quick Installation Guid e for infor mation on how t o install connec t and initially setup each rou ter model.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 13 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 1.1 F eatur es The AT-WR450 0 series Rout erOS firmware is very rich of features and very flexible. Among oth ers: • Real IP routing fu nctionalities • 2.
14 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 2 Conf iguring RouterOS 2.1 Logging in the A T -WR4500 Rout er There are m any options for.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 15 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Figure 3: Win Box main wi ndow Select f rom t he menu bar located in th e left most part of the window the comman d or menu that you want to access and st art con figuring th e equip ment.
16 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de After log ging int o th e rou ter you will be present ed with the Router OS™ Welco me Sc.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 17 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de A comm and or an argument does not need to be completed, if it is not ambiguou s. Fo r e xample, instead of typing interf ace you can t ype just in or int .
18 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 3 Conf iguration and Softwar e Mana g em ent Document revisi on: 1.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 19 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de To see the files st ored on th e router: [admin@AT-WR 4562] > file print # NAME TYP E SIZE CREATI ON-TIME 0 test.
20 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de It is impossible to i mport the wh ole router confi guration using thi s feature. It can only be used to import a part of configura tion (for exa mple, firewall rules) in order to spare you som e typing.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 21 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Standards and Te chnologies: None Hardware usage : Not signifi cant 3.
22 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 3.2.3 Adding P ackage Source Submenu level: /system u pgrade upgra de-package- source Description In this su bmenu you can add remote r outers fro m which to download RouterOS soft ware packages.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 23 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de • The package dep endency is checked befo re installing a soft ware package.
24 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de If a package is marked for unins tallation, but it is required for an other (depend ent) package, th en the marked package ca nnot be unin stalled.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 25 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To downgrade th e RouterOS (assuming that all needed pac kages are already uploade d): [admin@AT-WR 4562] system package> down grade Router will be rebooted.
26 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example Suppose we need to cancel security pack age uninst allation action schedule d on reb oot: [admin@AT-WR 4562] system package> prin t Flags: X – d isabled # NAME VERSION SCHEDULED 0 routeros -rb500 3.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 27 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example See the available p ackages: [admin@AT-WR 4562] system upgrade> refr esh [admin@AT-WR 4562] system upgrade> prin t # SOURCE NAME VER SION STAT US COMPL ETED 0 192.
28 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de • Ethern et interface supp ort • IP over IP tun nel interf ace support • Ethern et o.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 29 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Package name Contents Prerequisite s Additional Li cense wireless Support for wireless int.
30 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 4 Conf iguring Interfaces 4.1 General In terface Set tings Document revisi on: 1.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 31 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de One or more inter faces can be monitored at t he same time. To see overall traff ic passing thr ough all interfac es at time, use aggregate instead of interface name.
32 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de default - sup ort long cables short - suppo rt short cables standard - same as default disable-running-c heck (yes | no; defau lt: yes ) - disable ru nnin g check.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 33 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de full-duplex (yes | no) - wh ether tran smission of data o ccurs in tw o directions simu lt.
34 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de • No implied pro tocol limits on link distan ce • No implied pro tocol speed de gradat.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 35 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de ack-tim eout range 5GHz 5GHz-turbo 2.4GHz-G 30km 249 137 368 35km 298 168 320 40km 350 190 375 45km 405 - - These are not the pr ecise value s.
36 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de band - operatin g band 2.4ghz-b - IEEE 802. 11b 2.4ghz-b/g - IEE E 802 .11g (support s also legacy IEEE 802.11b p rotocol) 2.4ghz-g-turbo - IEEE 802.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 37 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de radar-detect - A P scans ch annel list fr om "scan-list" and chooses t he freque.
38 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de address to the one of a differ ent device.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 39 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de wds-cost-range ( integer ; def ault: 50-150 ) - r ange, within which the b ridge port cost of the WDS link s are adjusted.
40 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de To see current interface sett ings: [admin@AT-WR 4562] interfa ce wireless> print Flags.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 41 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de overhead (and th us increase s peed). The card is not w aiting for frames, bu t in case a n umber of packets are queue d for transmitting, t hey can be co mbined.
42 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de mtu ( integer : 0 ..1600; default : 1500 ) - Maximum Tr ansmissi on Unit name ( name ) - r.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 43 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de [admin@AT-WR 4562] interfa ce wireless> print Flags: X - d isabled, R - running 0 R nam.
44 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de client- tx-limit ( read-only: integer ) - t ransmit rate limit on the AP, in bits pe r sec.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 45 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de To get additional statistics: [admin@AT-WR 4562] interfa ce wireless> registration-t ab.
46 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de The association p rocedure is as follows: w hen a new client w ants to associate t o the A.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 47 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 2512 , 2532, 2552, 2572 , 2592, 2612, 2 632, 2652, 2672 , 2692, 2712, 2 732) - the list of 2GHz IEEE 802.
48 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de There is a special ar gument for t he print command - p rint count- only. It forces th e print comman d to print only the coun t of informati on topics.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 49 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example [admin@AT-WR 4562] interfa ce wireless i nfo> print 0 interface -type=Atheros A.
50 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 59 60:0,5965:0,5 970:0,5975:0,5 980:0,5985:0, 5990:0,5995:0 , 60 00:0,6005:0,6 010:0,6015:.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 51 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de max-station-c ount ( integer ; default: 2007 ) - numb er of clien ts that can conne ct to this AP simultaneously mtu ( integer : 6 8.
52 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Property Description arp (disabled | en abled | pro xy-arp | reply-on ly; default: en able.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 53 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de audio-min ( i nteger ; default: - 100 ) - signal-st rength at wh ich audio (beep er) frequ.
54 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example [admin@AT-WR 4562] interfa ce wireless a lign> monitor wlan2 # ADDRESS SSID RXQ AVG-RXQ LAST- RX TXQ LAST-T X CORRECT 0 00:01:24: 70:4B:FC wire lesa -60 -60 0.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 55 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To set t he followin g transmit po wers at e ach rates: 1Mbp s@10dBm, 2 Mbps@1 0dBm, 5.
56 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 4.3.16 Security Pr ofiles Submenu level: /interface wi reless security- profile s Description This section pro vides WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) and W PA/WPA2 (Wi-Fi Pr otected A ccess) functions t o wireless inte rfaces.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 57 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de radius-mac-m ode (as-usern ame | as-userna me-and-passw ord; default: a s-username ) - whe.
58 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de tls-mode (no-cer tificates | d ont-verify-certific ate | verify-c ertificate; def ault: no.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 59 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de file-size ( read-onl y: integer ) - c urrent file size (kB) memory-over-l imit- packets ( .
60 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Property Description channel-ti me ( time ; default: 200ms ) - how long to snoop each chan.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 61 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de • disabled=no • On client (station): • mode=station • band=5ghz • ssid=test • disabled=no Configure th e Access Point a nd add an IP address (10.
62 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Configure th e station and add an IP address (1 0.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 63 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de • Configure AP to sup port W DS connection s • Set wds-defa ult-bridge to b ridge1 • On WDS station : • Configure it as a WDS Statio n, using mode= station-wds • Configure t he WDS Access Point.
64 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Now configure the WD S st ation and put th e wire less ( wl an1 ) an d eth ernet ( Local ).
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 65 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de This example wil l show you h ow to create a VAP: [admin@VAP] interface wir eless> prin.
66 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Nstr eme This example sho ws you how to configure a point-to-p oint Nstrem e link.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 67 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Configure Nstreme -Client wireless sett ings and enable N streme on it: [admin@Nstre me-Cl.
68 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 5180 MHz [DualNS - 2] [DualNS - 1] 5805 MHz Figure 8: Nstrem e dual ne twork exam ple Conf.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 69 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de As we have not c onfigured the DualNS-2 rou ter, we cann ot define the remo te-mac param eter on DualNS-1 .
70 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de WEP Security This example shows h ow to configure WEP (Wired Eq uivalent Privacy) on Access Point and Clients . In example w e will configure an Ac cess Point which will use 104bit-wep for on e station and 40bit-w ep for other clients.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 71 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Configure th e Access Point: [admin@WEP_A P] interface wireless secu rity-profiles> add name=Sta tionX ... mode=st atic-keys-req uired static- algo-1=40bit-w ep static-key -1=1234567890 .
72 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Configure WEP_St ation1: [admin@WEP_S tation1] inte rface wireles s security-pro files> add na me=Station1 ... mode=st atic-keys-req uired static- sta-private-al go=104bit-wep .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 73 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Config of WE P_StationX: [admin@WEP_S tationX] inte rface wireles s security-pro files> add na me=StationX ... mode=st atic-keys-req uired static- algo-1=40bit-w ep static-key -1=1234567890 .
74 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de On t he AP in default or in your own made profile as an e ncryption algorithm choose w pa-psk .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 75 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 4.4 VLAN Int erfaces Document revisi on: 1.2 (Mon Sep 19 13:46: 34 GMT 2005) Applies to: V2.9 4.4.1 Gener a l Information Summar y VLAN is an implementation o f the 802.
76 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de reply-only - the interface wil l only reply t o the req uests for to its ow n IP addresses.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 77 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de On Router 1 : [admin@AT-WR 4562] ip addr ess> add addr ess=10.10.10.1 /24 interface =test [admin@AT-WR 4562] ip addr ess> print Flags: X - d isabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic # ADDRES S NETWORK BROADCAST INTERFAC E 0 10.
78 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Quick Setup Guide To put int erface ether1 and ether2 in a brid ge.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 79 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Property Description admin-mac: (MAC address) - MAC address ass igned to t he bridge if au.
80 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To group ether1 and ether2 in the already created bridg e1 bridge (ver sions from 2.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 81 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To monitor a bri dge port: [admin@AT-WR 4562] interfa ce bridge por t> mo 0 sta.
82 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de There are thr ee bridge filter tables: • filter - bridge firew all with th ree predefin .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 83 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de dst-address ( IP ad dress ; defa ult: 0.0.0 .0/0 ) - destination IP address (only if M AC prot ocol is set to IP v4) dst-mac-addre ss ( MAC addr ess ; default: 00:00: 00:00:00:00 ) - destination MAC address dst-port ( integer : 0.
84 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de stp-forward-dela y ( time : 0.. 655 35) - forward delay time r stp-hello-tim e ( time : 0..655 35) - stp hello packets time stp-max-age ( time : 0.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 85 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Property Description action (accept | arp-reply | dr op | dst-nat | jump | log | mark | pa.
86 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 4.5.11 T roubl eshooting Description Router shows that my rule i s invali d • in-interfa.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 87 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 5 IP and Routing 5.1 IP Addr esses an d ARP Document revisi on: 1.
88 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Property Description actual-interface (re ad-only: name) - only applicable to log ical interf aces like bridges o r tun nels. Holds the name of t he actual hardw are interface th e logical one is boun d to.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 89 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de If ARP fe ature is t urned of f on the interface, i.e., arp=di sabled is use d, ARP requ ests from clients are not answered b y the rou ter. There fore, st atic ARP entry should be added to t he clients as well.
90 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Network A 192 .168.0.0/24 198 .168.0.130/25 Network B 192.168.0 .128/25 ether2 198.168.0 .129/25 198.168.0.20/2 4 198 .168.0.30/24 198 .168.0.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 91 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example Consider the following conf iguration: Reserved for dial in 10.0.0.230 ..240 Pppoe - inX addresses 10.0.0.217 /32 10.0.0.217/24 ether1 10.
92 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de interface with th e networ k being th e same as the a ddress o n the r outer on the ot her side of t he p2p link (there may be n o IP on that in terface, bu t there is an IP fo r that ro uter).
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 93 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Related T opic s IP Addresses and ARP Routes, Eq ual Cost Multip ath Routing, Polic y Rout.
94 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To enable RIP p rotocol to re distribute the rou tes to the conne cted network s: .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 95 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 5.2.4 Networks Submenu level: /routing rip network Description To start the RIP p rotocol, yo u have to define t he netw orks on wh ich RIP will run.
96 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de This list shows rout es learned by all dynamic rou ting protocols ( RIP, O.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 97 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de The necessary con figuration o f the RIP general settings is as follows: [admin@AT-WR 4562.
98 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Alliedware+ Route r Configur ation ... interface Et hernet0 ip address 10.0.0.26 255 .255.255.0 no ip direc ted-broadcast ! interface Se rial1 ip address 192.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 99 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Related T opic s • IP Addresses and ARP • Routes, Equ al Cost Multipath Routing, Polic y Routing • Log Management Description Open Shortest Pat h Fir st p rotocol is a link-state routin g pr otocol.
100 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Within one area, only the rou ter that is conn ected to an other a rea (i.e. Area bord er rou ter) or to another AS (i.e. Autonomou s System bou ndary router) shoul d have the pr opagation of th e default rout e enabled.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 101 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de However, are as do not need t o be ph ysical connected to ba ckbone.
102 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 5.3.5 Interfac es Submenu level: /routing ospf interface Description This fac ility pro vides tool s f or ad ditional in -depth configuration of OSPF interface sp ecific p arameters.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 103 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Property Description neighbor-id ( IP addr ess ; def ault: 0.
104 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example The following tex t can be obs erved just after adding an O SPF net work: admin@AT-WR4 562] routing ospf> neighbo r print router-id=1 0.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 105 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Now let's set up th e OSPF_MAIN router .
106 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Assign IP addre sses to the se interfaces: [admin@OSPF_ peer_1] ip ad dress> print Flags: X - d isabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic # ADDRE SS NETWOR K BROADCAST INTERFA CE 0 10.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 107 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Add the same area as in pr evious rou ters: [admin@OSPF_ peer_2] routi ng ospf area> print Flags: X - d isabled, I - invalid # NAME AREA-ID STUB DEFAULT-COST AUTHENTICATI ON 0 backbone 0.
108 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Routing tables with Revised Link Cost This example sho ws how to set u p link cost.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 109 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de On OSPF_peer _1: [admin@OSPF_ peer_1] > ip route pr Flags: X - d isabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic, J - r ejected, C - connect, S - static, r - rip, o - ospf, b - bgp # DST -ADDRESS G GATE WAY DISTANCE IN TERFACE 0 Do 192.
110 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de The OSPF rout ing changes as follows: Routes on OSPF_MAIN rou ter: [admin@OSPF_ MAIN] ip .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 111 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Filter NAT Description RouterOS has follow ing types of rout es: dynamic ro utes - aut omatically created route s for ne tworks, wh ich are directl y accesse d through an interface.
112 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de bgp-origin (inco mplete | igp | egp) - th e origin of the route prefix bgp-prepend ( in teger : 0.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 113 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de You can use policy r outing even i f you use masquerading on y our private n etworks. The sour ce address will be the same a s it is in the lo cal network.
114 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de ISP1 gives us 2 Mbps and ISP2 - 4Mbps so w e want a traff ic ratio 1:2 (1/3 of the source/d estination IP pairs from 192.168.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 115 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Configuration o f the IP addres ses: [admin@PB-Ro uter] ip addr ess> print Flags: X - d isabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic # ADDRESS N ETWORK BROADCAST INTERFACE 0 192.
116 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 6 DHCP and DNS 6.1 DHCP Client and Ser ver Document revisi on: 2.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 117 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 68 po rt. The initial negotiati on involves commu nication b etween broadcast addresses (on some ph ases sender will u se source address o f 0.
118 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de If host-name pr operty is not specified, client's sy stem identity wi ll be sent in th e respective f ield of DHCP request.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 119 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de • specified, rx -rate is as tx- rate too.
120 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de the sour ce-address is left as 0 .0.0 .0 , then the static address will be u sed.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 121 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Property Description store-leases-dis k (time-interv al | immediate ly | never; defau lt: 5min ) - ho w freque ntly lease changes should be sto red on disk 6.
122 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Note that the IP addresses as signed static ally are not pr obed.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 123 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To assign 10.5 .2.100 st atic IP address for th e existing DHC P client (sh own i.
124 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Property Description code ( integer : 1.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 125 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To add a DH CP relay named relay on ether1 interface resendin g all rece ived requests to the 10.0.0.1 DHCP server: [admin@AT-WR 4562] ip dhcp -relay> add n ame=relay inte rface=ether1 .
126 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de The wizard h as made the follo wing configur ation based on t he answe rs above: [admin@AT-WR 4562] ip dhcp -server> prin t Flags: X - d isabled, I - invalid # NAME INT ERFACE RELAY ADDR ESS-POOL LEAS E-TIME ADD-AR P 0 dhcp1 eth er1 0.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 127 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de IP addresses of D HCP-Rela y : [admin@DHCP- Relay] ip add ress> print Flags: X - d isabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic # ADDRESS N ETWORK BROADCAST INTERFACE 0 192.
128 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de [DHCP-Server] Local 192.168.0.1/24 Public 10.1.0.2/24 Internet RADIUS Server 172.16.0.2/24 To - Radius 172.16.0.1/24 Local Network Address Range : 19 2.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 129 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 6.2 DNS Client a nd Ca che Document revisi on: 1.
130 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To set 159.1 48.60.2 as the pr imary DNS server and allow the rout er to be used as a DN S server, do the following: [admin@AT-WR 4562] ip dns> set primary- dns=159.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 131 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Description The Router OS has an embed ded DNS ser ver feature in DNS cache.
132 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 7 AAA Conf ig uration 7.1 RADIUS cli ent Document revisi on: 1.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 133 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de domain ( text ; defau lt: "" ) - M icrosoft Win dows doma in of client passed t.
134 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de port ( integer ; defau lt: 1700 ) - The p ort numb er to listen f or the reque sts on .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 135 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de • NAS-Port-Id - async PPP - serial port name; PPPoE - ethernet interface name on which .
136 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de you should firs t cre ate a ppp chain and make jum p r ules that would put actual traffic to this chain).
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 137 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de instances may b e send by RADIUS ser ver to sp ecify add itional URLs wh ich are choo sen in r ound robin fashion . • Mikrotik-Ad vertise-Inter val - Time interval between tw o adjacent advertisement s.
138 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Change of Autho rization RADIUS d isconnect and Change of Auth orization ( according to RFC3576) are supported as well.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 139 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Name VendorID Value RFC where it i s defined Called-Station-Id 30 RFC2865 Calling-Station.
140 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Name VendorID Value RFC where it i s defined MS-CHAP2-Succes s 31 1 26 RFC2548 MS-MPPE-En.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 141 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 7.2 PPP User A AA Document revisi on: 2.5 (Fri Jul 07 14:52:59 GMT 2006) Applies to: V2.9 7.2.1 Gener a l Information Summar y This document provides summary, conf iguration ref erence and examples on PPP user mana gement.
142 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de default - derive this value fro m the inte rface default profile; same as no if t his is .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 143 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de There are two defaul t profil es that cannot be remo ved: [admin@rb13] pp.
144 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de routes ( text ) - rou tes that ap pear on t he server wh en the client is con nected. The rou te format is: d st- address [[gat eway] [metr ic]] (for example , 10.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 145 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 7.2.5 PPP User Remote AA A Submenu level: /ppp aaa Property Description accounting (yes |.
146 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 7.3.2 Router User Gr oups Submenu level: /user group Description The rout er u ser grou ps provide a convenien t way to assign different pe rmissions and access right s to different u ser classes.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 147 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To add rebo ot group t hat is allowed to reboot the ro uter locally or using t el.
148 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To add user joe w ith passwor d j1o2e3 belongin g to write grou p, enter t he fol.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 149 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de use-radius (yes | no; default: no ) - specifies wh ether a use r database on a R ADIUS se.
150 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 8 VPNs and T u nneling 8.1 EoIP Document revisi on: 1.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 151 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de The EoIP inte rface appears as an Ether net interface under t he interf ace list. This interf ace support s all fe atures of an Eth ernet inte rface.
152 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 8.1.3 EoIP Application Ex ample Description Let us assume we want to bridge tw o networks: 'Office LAN' and 'Remot e LAN'.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 153 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Configure the E oIP tunnel b y adding the eoip t unnel interfaces at b oth rout ers.
154 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 8.2 Interface Bond ing Document revisi on: 1.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 155 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Description To provide a prop er failover, you should specify link-moni toring paramet er.
156 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de name ( name ) - descriptive na me of bon ding interface primary ( name ; default: non e ) - Int erface is used as prim ary outp ut media. If prim ary interface fa ils, only then ot hers slaves will be use d.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 157 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Office2 configu ration: [admin@offic e2] interface > print Flags: X - d isabled, D - d.
158 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Bonding co nfiguratio n for Office1 [admin@offic e1] interface bonding> add slaves=eoi.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 159 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Add an IPIP inter face (by def ault, its name w ill be ipip1 ): [admin@10.5. 8.104] interf ace ipip> add local-address =10.5.8.104 remote-addre ss=10.
160 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Use /ip address ad d command to assign an IP add ress to the IPIP interface. There is no authentica tion or 'st ate' for this int erface.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 161 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Now both routers can p ing each other: [admin@AT-WR 4562] interfa ce ipip> /pin g 1.1.1.2 1.1.1.2 64 b yte ping: ttl =64 time=24 m s 1.1.
162 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Related T opic s IP Addresses and ARP AAA Configur ation EoIP IP Security Additional Resour ces http://www.linu xguide.it/docs.p hp?Ne tworking:VPN:IPSec% 2FL2TP http://en.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 163 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de mrru ( integer : 512 ..65535 ; default: disabled ) - maximum p acket size t hat can be rece ived on the link.
164 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 8.5.4 L2TP Ser ver Setup Submenu level: /interface l 2tp-server ser ver Description The L2 TP server creates a dy namic in terface for each connected L2TP client.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 165 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de so if you need a persiste nt rules fo r that u ser, create a static entry for him/her . Otherwise it is safe t o use dynamic configur ation.
166 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 8.5.6 L2TP Application E xamples Router -to-Router Secure T unnel Example W ISP#1 192.168.8 0.0/24 W ISP# 2 192.168.8 1.0/24 Home Office To Intern et 192.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 167 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de And finally, the server must b e enabled: [admin@HomeO ffice] interf ace l2tp-serv er ser.
168 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de On the L2 TP server it can alt ernatively b e done using r outes paramete r of the u ser .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 169 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de ISP#1 192 .168.80.0/24 W ISP# 2 192 .168.81.0/2 4 Remote Off ice To Int ernet 192 .168.81.1/2 4 LAN 10.15 0.1.254/2 4 192.168.80 .111/24 1 0 .
170 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Finally, the pro xy APR must b e enabled on the 'Office' in terface: [admin@Rem.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 171 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Generally sp eaking, PPPoE is used t o hand out IP addresses to clients based on the user (and workst ation, if desired) authen tication as opp osed to workstation only authe ntication, when static IP a ddresses or DHCP are used.
172 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Related T opic s IP Addresses and ARP RADIUS client PPP User AA A Log Management Additional Resour ces Links for PPPoE documentati on: http://www.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 173 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To add and enable PPPoE clie nt on the gig interf ace connecting to the AC that p.
174 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de If no service name is specified i n WindowsXP, it will use only servi ce with no name . So if you want to serve WindowsXP cli ents, leave your service na me empty.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 175 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 8.6.5 PPPoE Users Description The PPPoE users are auth enticated th rough a RADIUS server (if conf igured), and if RADI US fails, th en the local PPP user databese is use d.
176 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 8.6.7 Application Exampl es PPPoE in a multipoint wireles s 802.11g network In a wireless n etwork, the PPPoE s erver may be attached to an Ac cess Point (as well as to a re gular station of wireless inf rastructure) .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 177 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Now, configure th e Ethe rnet interface, add the IP address and set th e default rout e: [admin@PPPoE -Server] ip a ddress> add a ddress=10.
178 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 8.6.8 T roubleshooting Description I can connect to my PPPo E server.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 179 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Quick Setup Guide To make a P PTP tunne l between 2 RouterOS routers with IP addresses 10.5 .8.104 (PPTP se rver) and 10.1.0.172 (PPTP client), follo w the next steps.
180 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Additional Resour ces http://msdn.mi crosoft.com/lib rary/backgrnd/ht ml/underst anding_ppt p.htm http://sup port.microsoft.com/ suppo rt/kb/articles/q162/8 /47.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 181 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 8.7.3 Monitoring PPTP C lient Command name: /interface pptp-cli ent monitor Property Desc.
182 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Specifying MRRU means enabling MP ( Multilink PPP) over singl e link. This prot ocol is us ed to split big packets into smaller on es.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 183 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To add a static en try for ex1 us er: [admin@AT-WR 4562] interfa ce pptp-serve r&.
184 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Then the user shou ld be added in the PP TP server list: [admin@HomeO ffice] interf ace p.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 185 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de On the PPTP server it can alt ernatively be don e using rout es parameter of the user con.
186 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de [ Remote Office ] 192.168.81.1/24 Internet ISP #2 192.168.81.0/ 24 ISP #1 192.168.80.0/ 24 192 .1 68 . 80 . 111 / 24 10.150.1.1 /24 10.150.1.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 187 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Finally, the pro xy APR must b e enabled on the 'Office' in terface: [admin@Rem.
188 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Description IPsec (IP Security) su pports se cure (encrypte d) communicati ons over IP net works.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 189 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de • Phase 2 - The peers establish one or more SAs that will b e used by IPsec to encr ypt data.
190 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de large packets with don't fragm ent flag will no t be able to pass the r outer inherit - do not change the f ield set - set the f ield, so that eac h packet matchin g the rule wil l not be f ragmented.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 191 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To ad d a policy to encrypt all th e traffic bet ween t wo hosts (1 0.0.0.147 and 1 0.0.0.14 8), we n eed do the following: [admin@WiFi] ip ipsec pol icy> add sa-s rc-address=10.
192 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de lifeti me ( time ; default: 1d ) - phase 1 lifet ime: specifies how long the SA wi ll be .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 193 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de remote-addre ss ( read-only: I P address ) - p eer's IP address side ( multiple choi.
194 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example Sample printou t looks as follo ws: [admin@WiFi] ip ipsec> in stalled-sa pr int Flags: A - A H, E - ESP, P - pfs 0 E spi= E727605 src-a ddress=10.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 195 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To flush all the S As installed: [admin@AT-WR 4562] ip ipse c installed-s a> flush [admin@AT-WR 4562] ip ipse c installed-s a> print [admin@AT-WR 4562] ip ipse c installed-s a> 8.
196 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de for Router1 [admin@Route r1] > ip ipse c manual-sa a dd name=ah-sa1 ... ah-spi= 0x101/0x100 a h-key=abcfed [admin@Route r1] > ip ipse c policy add src-address=10 .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 197 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de configure IPsec for Router1 [admin@Route r1] > ip ipse c policy add src-address=10 .1.0.0/24 ... dst-add ress=10.2.0.0 /24 action=en crypt tunnel=y es .
198 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 9 Fir ewall and QoS 9.1 Filter Document revisi on: 2.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 199 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de RouterOS has very powerfu l firewall implement ation with fe atures including: • statef.
200 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Property Description action (accept | add-dst-to -address-list | add-src-t o-addres s-lis.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 201 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de unicast - IP addres ses used f or one p oint to anot her point transmission.
202 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de time - sp ecifies the time in terval over which t he packe t rate is measur ed burst - number of packets to match in a bu rst log-prefix ( tex t ) - all messa ges writte n to logs will cont ain the prefix spe cified herein.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 203 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de tcp-flags (ack | cwr | ece | f in | psh | rst | syn | ur g) - tcp flags to match ack - ac.
204 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Make jumps to n ew chains: add chain=fo rward protoco l=tcp action= jump jump-targ et=tcp.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 205 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Submenu level: /ip firewall mangle Standards and Te chnologies: IP Hardware usage : Incre.
206 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de chain (forwar d | input | output | p ostrouting | pr erouting) - specify the cha in to pu t a particular rule in to.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 207 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de that particular clien t local-dst - tru e, if a packet h as local destin ation IP a ddres.
208 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de every - match e very every +1 th p acket. For example, if every=1 th en the r ule matches every 2n d packet counter - specifies w hich co unter t o use.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 209 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de rst - drop conn ection syn - new conne ction urg - urgent dat a tcp-mss ( integ er : 0.
210 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Change MSS It is a well kn own fact t hat VPN links h ave smaller pack et s ize due to incapsulation o verhead.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 211 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de The packet flow t hrough th e route r is depicted in the follo wing diagram : Figure 32: Pac ket Flow Di agram As c an b e seen on the diagram, there are five chains in the processin g pip eline.
212 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Routed traffi c The traffic re ceived for the rou ter's M AC address on th e respe ctive port, is passed to the routing procedures and can be of one of th ese four t ypes: • the traffic which is destined to the route r it self.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 213 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Property Description assured ( read-onl y: true | false ) - shows wh ether re play was se.
214 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de max-entries ( re ad-only: integ er ) - the maximu m number o f conn ections the connectio.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 215 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 9.3.6 Gener a l Fir ew all Information Description ICMP TYPE:CO DE values In or der to protect your rout er and atta ched pri vate netw orks, you n eed to con figure firew all to drop o r reject most of ICMP tr affic.
216 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de widely ab used f or u nlicensed software and media destribution . Even wh en it is use d for legal p urposes, p2p may he avily di sturb oth er net work traffic, su ch as ht tp and e-m ail.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 217 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 9.4.2 NA T Description Network Address Translation is an Int ernet standard that allow s .
218 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de address-list p arameter add-src-to-addre ss-li st - adds source ad dress of an IP p acket.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 219 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de dst-limit ( integer / time {0,1} , integer ,dst-address | dst-port | sr c-address{ +}, time {0,1}) - limits the packet per second (pps) rate on a per destination IP or p er destination port base.
220 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de every - match e very every +1 th p acket. For example, if every=1 th en the r ule matches every 2n d packet counter - specifies w hich co unter t o use.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 221 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 9.4.3 NA T Applications Description In this section some NAT app lications and ex amples of them are discussed.
222 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 10 Hot Spot Ser vice 10.1 HotSpot Gatewa y Document revisi on: 4.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 223 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de [HotSpot Gat eway] WAN/LAN Interf ace Internet RADIUS HotSpot Interf ace Figure 34: HotS pot exam ple network The Hot Spot int erface shou ld have an IP address ass igned to it.
224 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Before the au thentication When enablin g H otSpot on an int erface, the s ystem auto matically set s up ever ything needed to sh ow login pa ge fo r all clients that are not lo gged in.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 225 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de amount of time pe r MAC address to be freely used with some limitations imp osed by the provided u ser profile. In case the M AC address still has som e trial time unu sed, the login pa ge will con tain th e link for trial login.
226 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de • /ip hotspot ser vice-port - a ddress translation helpers fo r the one-to- one NAT •.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 227 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 10.1.3 HotSpot In terfac e Setup Submenu level: /ip hotspot Description HotSpot system is put on in dividual interfa ces.
228 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 10.1.4 HotSpot S er ver Pr ofiles Submenu level: /ip hotspot p rofile Property Description dns-name ( text ) - DNS name of the HotSpot server.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 229 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de smtp-server ( IP addr ess ; def ault: 0.
230 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de There can be mul tiple cookies w ith the same M AC address. For example, there will be a separate cookie for each web brows er on the same c omputer.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 231 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To allow unaut horized req uests to t he www.e xample.com domain 's /paynow.html page: [admin@AT-WR 4562] ip hots pot walled-ga rden> add path ="/paynow.
232 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de This is an ordered lis t, so you can put more specifi c entries on th e top of th e list for them to o verride more common rule s that appear lower.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 233 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Property Description name ( read-only : name ) - prot ocol name ports ( read-only: int eg.
234 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de All o ther packets ex cept DNS and lo gin requests fr om unauthorized clients sho uld pas.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 235 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Packet filter rule s From /ip firewal l filt er print dynamic command, you can get so met.
236 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 10.3.10 Customi zing HotSpot: HTTP Serv let P ages Description You can create a complet e.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 237 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de if user is logged in, rstatus.htm l is displayed; if rstatus.htm l is not fo und, redirect.html is used to redirect to the status page if user is not logged in , rlogin.
238 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de server-name - Hot Spot serv er name (set in the /ip hotsp ot menu, as th e name pro perty) Links: link-logi n - link to login page including ori ginal URL requ ested ("http://10.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 239 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de radius<id>u - show the attri bute iden tified with <id> in unsigned integer f.
240 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de If you want to us e HTTP-CHAP authentication me thod it is supp osed that you incl ude the doLog in() function (which r eferences to th e md5.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 241 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de (you should corre ct the link to point t o your server) • To erase the cook ie on logof f, in the page con taining link t o the logout (fo r example, in statu s.
242 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de • Hotspot will ask RADIUS ser ver whethe r to allow the login or not. If n ot allowed, alogin .html page will be displaye d (it can be modified to do an ything!).
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 243 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de RADIUS client non-fatal error s: • invalid username o r pa sswor d - RADIU S server has rejected th e username and pas sword sent to it wit hout specifying a r eason.
244 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de If all fields has been filled in th e ip-b inding table and type h as been set to bypas s.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 245 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de advertise-url ( multiple choice: t ext ; default: htt p://www.
246 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 10.4.3 HotSpot U ser s Submenu level: /ip hotspot u ser Property Description address ( IP addre ss ; default: 0 .0. 0.0 ) - static IP address.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 247 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To add user ex with password ex that is allowed to log in on ly with 01:23:45:67 :89:AB MAC address and is limited to 1 hour of work: [admin@AT-WR 4562] ip hots pot user> add name=ex passw ord=ex .
248 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To get the list of active user s: [admin@AT-WR 4562] ip hots pot active> p rint Flags: R - r adius, B - bl ocked # USER ADD RESS UPTIME S ESSION-TIMEOU T IDLE-TIMEOU T 0 ex 10.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 249 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 11 High A vailability pr otocols and techniqu es 11.
250 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de other configuration) active. A backup instance is no t 'ru nning', so all the settings attached to t hat inte rface is inactive.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 251 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 11.1.3 Vir tual IP addr esses Submenu level: /ip vrrp ad dress Property Description addre.
252 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de This example sh ows how to configure VRRP on the tw o rou ters sho wn on the diagram.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 253 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Testing fail over Now, when we will disconne ct the master router, t he backup on e will .
254 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example To make s ystem gen erate a supp ort outp ut file and sen t it auto matically to support@ex ample.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 255 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 12 Monitoring and Mana gement 12.1 Log Manag e ment Document revisi on: 2.3 (Mon Jul 19 07:23:35 GMT 2004) Applies to: V2.9 12.1.1 Gener al Information Summar y Various syste m e vents and s tatus information can be logged.
256 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 12.1.3 Actions Submenu level: /system logg ing acti on Property Description disk-lines ( .
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 257 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Command Description print - shows lo g messages buffer - prints lo g messages t hat were .
258 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Specifications Packages requ ired: system , p pp (optional) License requ ired: Level1 Sub.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 259 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Property Description active-fl ow-timeout ( time ; def ault: 30m ) - maximu m life-time o.
260 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Some screensh ots from NTop program, which has gather ed Traffic-Flo w information from our router and displays it in ni ce graphs a nd statistics.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 261 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Figure 38: Netw ork load profile by ti me Figure 39: Tra ffic Load by protocol.
262 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 12.4 Graphin g Document revisi on: 1.1 (Wed Mar 15 09:46: 17 GMT 2006) Applies to: V2.9 12.4.1 Gener al Information Summar y Graphing is a t ool which is us ed for monitor ing various Ro uterOS p arameters over a period of time.
AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers 263 RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de 12.4.3 Health Gr aphing Submenu level: /tool graphing health Description This submenu p rovides information about Rout erBoard's 'health' - voltage and t emperature .
264 AT-WR4500 Series - IEE E 802.11abgh Ou tdoor Wireless R outers RouterOS v3 Con figuration a nd User Gui de Example Add a simple qu eue to Graph er list with simple-queue name queue1 , allow limit .
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Allied Telesis AT-WR4500 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Allied Telesis AT-WR4500 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Allied Telesis AT-WR4500 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Allied Telesis AT-WR4500 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Allied Telesis AT-WR4500, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Allied Telesis AT-WR4500.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Allied Telesis AT-WR4500. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Allied Telesis AT-WR4500 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
