Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto AT-9724TS del fabbricante Allied Telesis
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High-Density Layer 3 Stackable Gigabit Ethernet Switch A T -9724TS Installation a nd User’ s Guide PN D617/10032 Rev 1 Cop yright. 2004 Allied T elesyn, Inc. 19800 North Creek Parkwa y , Suite 200, Bothell W A 98011, USA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repr oduced without prior written permission from Allied T elesyn, Inc.
Electr ical Sa fety and Emission Statement Standards:This pr oduct meets the following standards. CE Marking Warning: This is a Class A pr oduct. In a domestic environment this pr oduct may cause radio interf erence in which case the user ma y be requir ed to take adequate measures.
T able of Contents Electrical Saf ety and Emission Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MSTI P ort Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pr ef ace Purpose of This Guide This guide is intended f or netw ork administrators who are r esponsible for installing and maintaining the A T -9724TS Gigabit Switch.
Document Conventions This guide uses sev eral conventions that y ou should become familiar with befor e you begin to install the pr oduct: Note A note pro vides additional information. c Warning A warning indicates that performing or omitting a specific action ma y r esult in bodily injury .
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Chapter 1 - Intr oduction 1-1 Ethernet T echnology 1-2 Switch Description 1-3 Featur es 1-4 Ports 1-5 Front Panel Components 1-6 Rear -Panel Description 1-7 Side-Panel Description 1-8 Gigabit Combo Po.
1-2 Switch Descr iption The A T -9724TS has 24 1000T Gigabit ports that may be used in uplinking various netw ork devices to the Switch, including PCs, hubs and other switches to pro vide a gigabit Ethernet uplink in full-duplex mode.
• SNMP support • Secure Sock ets La yer (SSL) and Secur e Shell (SSH) support • Port Mirr oring support • MIB support for : RFC1213 MIB II RFC1493 Bridge RFC1757 RMON RFC1643 Ether -like MIB RFC2233 Interface MIB IF MIB Private MIB RFC2674 for 802.
LED Indicator s The Switch supports LED indicators for Pow er , Master , Console , RPS, SIO (stacking indicators), a seven-segment Stack ID LED and P ort LEDs. The following sho ws the LED indicators for the Switch along with an explanation of each indicator .
Chapter 2 - Installation 2-1 Package Contents 2-2 Before Y ou Connect to the Network 2-3 Installing the Switch Without the Rack 2-4 Rack Installation 2-5 Po wer On 2-6 Po wer Failur e 2-7 Redundant Po wer System 2-1 P ackage Contents Open the shipping carton of the Switch and carefully unpack its contents.
Figure 2- 1. Prepare Switch for installation on a desktop or shelf 2-4 Installing the Switch in a R ack The Switch can be mounted in a standard 19" rack. Use the following diagrams to guide you. Fasten the mounting brackets to the Switch using the scr ews pr ovided.
16 Allied T elesyn A T -9724TS High-Density La yer 3 Stackable Gigabit Ethernet Switch 2-5 Mounting the Switch in a Standa r d 19" R ack Figure 2- 2. Installing Switch in a rack 2-5 P ow er On Plug one end of the A C power cord into the pow er connector of the Switch and the other end into the local pow er source outlet.
Chapter 3 - Connecting the Switch • 3-1 Switch to End Node • 3-2 Switch to Hub or Switch • 3-3 Connecting to Network Backbone or Server • 3-4 Stacking and the A T -9724TS 3-1 Switch T o End Node End nodes include PCs outfitted with a 10, 100 or 1000Mbps RJ45 Ethernet Network Interface Car d (NIC) and most routers.
Figure 3- 3. Switch connected to switch using fibre-optic cabling 3-3 Connecting T o Network Backbone or Server The 4 combo SFP ports and the 24 1000T por ts are ideal f or uplinking to a network backbone, ser ver or server farm. The copper ports operate at a speed of 1000, 100 or 10Mbps in full or half duplex mode.
Figure 3- 8. Stacking in a Ring Architectur e Note: The Do not connect the stack ed Switch group to the netw ork until you ha ve pr operly configur ed all Switches for stacking.
Cha pter 4 - Intr oduction to Switch Mana gement 4-1 A T -9724TS Gigabit La yer 3 Switch Management Options 4-2 W eb-based Management Interface 4-3 SNMP-Based Management 4-4 Command Line Console Inter.
9. After you ha ve correctly set up the terminal, plug the power cable into the pow er receptacle on the back of the Switch.The boot sequence appears in the terminal.
Figure 4- 2. Command Prompt Note: The first user automatically gets Administrator level privileges. It is recommended to cr eate at least one Admin-lev el user account for the Switch. 4-7 P asswor d Protection One of the first tasks when settings up the Switch is to create user accounts.
The A T -9724TS supports SNMP versions 1, 2c, and 3. Y ou can specify which version of SNMP you want to use to monitor and contr ol the Switch. The three versions of SNMP vary in the level of security pr ovided betw een the management station and the network de vice.
Alternatively , you can enter config ipif System ipaddr ess xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/z . Where the x's repr esent the IP addr ess to be assigned to the IP interface named System and the z repr esents the corresponding n umber of subnets in CIDR notation.
Chapter 5 - Intr oduction to W e b-based Switch Configuration 5-1 Introduction 5-2 Login to W eb manager 5-3 W eb-Based User Interface 5-4 Basic Setup 5-5 Reboot 5-6 Basic Switch Setup 5-7 Network Man.
5-3 W eb-based User Interf ace The user interface pro vides access to various Switch configuration and management screens, allows you to view performance statistics, and permits you to graphically monitor the system status. Ar eas of the User Interf ace The figure below sho ws the user interface.
W eb Pages Configurations – Contains scr eens concerning configurations for IP Addr ess, Switch Information, Advanced Settings, Port Configuration, IGMP , Spanning T ree, Forwarding Filtering,VLANs,.
Chapter 6 - Configur ing The Switch 6-1 Switch Information 6-2 IP Addr ess 6-3 Box Information 6-4 Advanced Settings 6-5 Port Configuration 6-6 Port Description 6-7 Port Mirr oring 6-8 Link Aggr egati.
6-2 IP Addr ess The IP Addr ess ma y initially be set using the console interface prior to connecting to it thr ough the Ethernet. If the Switch IP address has not y et been changed, read the intr oduction of the A T -9724TS Command Line Interface Refer ence Manual or return to Cha pter 4 of this manual for mor e information.
VLAN Name This allows the entry of a VLAN Name from which a management station will be allow ed to manage the Switch using TCP/IP (in-band via web manager or T elnet).
Parameter Descr iption Ser ial Por t Auto Logout Time Select the logout time used for the console interface. This automatically logs the user out after an idle period of time, as defined. Choose from the f ollowing options: 2 Minutes , 5 Minutes, 10 Minutes, 15 Minutes or Never .
Parameter Descr iption Curr ent Box ID The current Bo x ID of the Master switch in the stack. New Box ID The new box ID of the Master s witch in the stack. Box T ype The user ma y choose the model name of the Master switch in a stack to be the main configuring switch of that stack.
Parameter Descr iption State T oggle the State < Enabled > field to either enable or disable a given port or gr oup of ports. Speed/Duplex T oggle the Speed/Duplex field to either select the speed and duplex/half-duplex state of the port. Auto denotes auto-negotiation betw een 10 and 100Mbps devices, in full- or half-duplex.
6-6 P ort Mirr oring The Switch allows you to cop y frames transmitted and received on a port and redir ect the copies to another port. Y ou can attach a monitoring device to the mirr ored port, such as a sniffer or an RMON probe, to view details about the pack ets passing through the first port.
The Switch treats all ports in a trunk group as a single port. Data transmitted to a specific host (destination addr ess) will alwa ys be transmitted ov er the same port in a trunk group . This allows packets in a data str eam to arriv e in the same order they w ere sent.
Figure 6- 11. Link Aggregation Gr oup Configuration window – Modify The user -changeable parameters are as follo ws: Parameter Descr iption Gr oup ID Select an ID number for the gr oup , between 1 and 32. State T runk groups can be toggled between Enabled and Disabled .
The user ma y set the following parameters: Parameter Descr iption Unit Choose the switch in the switch stack to be configur ed by using the pull-down men u. Fr om/T o A consecutiv e group of ports ma y be configured starting with the selected port. Mode Active – Activ e LA CP ports are capable of processing and sending LA CP control frames.
MAC Notification P ort Settings T o change MA C notification settings for a port or group of ports on the Switch, click Por t Settings in the MAC Notification folder , which will display the following scr een: Figur e 6- 14.
The format of an IGMP pack et is shown below: Figure 6- 15. IGMP Message Format The IGMP T ype codes ar e shown below: Type Meaning 0x11 Membership Query (if Group Addr ess is 0.
IGMP Snooping Internet Gr oup Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping allows the Switch to recognize IGMP queries and r eports sent between network stations or devices and an IGMP host. When enabled for IGMP snooping, the Switch can open or close a por t to a specific device based on IGMP messages passing thr ough the Switch.
Robustness Value Adjust this variable according to expected pack et loss. If packet loss on the VLAN is expected to be high, the Robustness Var ia ble should be increased to accommodate increased pack et loss. This entry field allows an entry of 1 to 255.
Figure 6- 20. Static Router Ports Settings window The following parameters can be set: Parameter Descr iption VID (VLAN ID) This is the VLAN ID that, along with the VLAN Name, identifies the VLAN where the multicast r outer is attached. VLAN Name This is the name of the VLAN where the m ulticast router is attached.
802.1w R apid Spanning Tr ee The Switch implements three v ersions of the Spanning T r ee Protocol, the Multiple Spanning T ree Pr otocol (MSTP) as defined by the IEEE 802.1s, the Rapid Spanning T r ee Protocol (RSTP) as defined b y the IEEE 802.1w specification and a version compatible with the IEEE 802.
Figure 6- 21. STP Bridge Global Settings – STP compatible Figure 6- 22. STP Bridge Global Settings – RSTP (default) Figure 6- 23. STP Bridge Global Settings The following parameters can be set: 44.
Parameter Descr iption STP Status Use the pull-down menu to enable or disable STP globall y on the Switch. The default is Disabled . STP V ersion Use the pull-down menu to choose the desir ed version of STP to be implemented on the Switch.
The window abov e contains the following information: Parameter Descr iption Configuration Name A pr eviously configur ed name set on the Switch to uniquely identify the MSTI (Multiple Spanning T ree Instance). If a configuration name is not set, this field will show the MA C addr ess to the device running MSTP .
The user ma y configure the follo wing parameters to configure the CIST on the Switch. Parameter Descr iption MSTI ID The MSTI ID of the CIST is 0 and cannot be altered. Type The type of configuration about to be pr ocessed. This window is used to add or delete VIDs to the configured MSTI or internal CIST .
MSTI P ort Information This window displa ys the curr ent MSTI configuration settings and can be used to update the port configuration for an MSTI ID . If a loop occurs, the MSTP function will use the por t priority to select an interface to put into the forwarding state.
49 Allied T elesyn A T -9724TS High-Density La yer 3 Stackable Gigabit Ethernet Switch STP Instance Settings The following window displa ys MSTIs currently set on the Switch.T o view the following table, click Configuration > Spanning Tr ee > STP Insta nce Settings : Figure 6- 30.
Figure 6- 32. STP Instance Operational Status – Previously Configur ed MSTI The following parameters ma y be viewed in the STP Instance Operational Status windo ws: Parameter Descr iption Designated Root Br idge This field will sho w the priority and MA C address of the Root Bridge.
STP P ort Settings STP can be set up on a port per por t basis. T o view the f ollowing window click Configuration > Spanning T r ee > STP Por t Settings : Figure 6- 33.
0 (auto) – Setting 0 for the external cost will automatically set the speed f or forwarding pack ets to the specified port(s) in the list for optimal efficiency . Default por t cost: 100Mbps port = 200000. Gigabit por t = 20000. value 1-200000000 – Define a value between 1 and 200000000 to determine the external cost.
Static Multicast Forw arding The following figur e and table describe how to set up Multicast Forw arding on the Switch. Open the Forwar ding Filter ing folder and click on the Multicast Forwar ding link to see the entr y screen belo w: Figure 6- 35.
6-14 VLANs Under standing IEEE 802.1p Prior ity Priority tagging is a function defined by the IEEE 802.1p standard designed to pr ovide a means of managing traffic on a network where man y differ ent types of data ma y be transmitted simultaneously .
The main characteristics of IEEE 802.1Q are as f ollows: • Assigns packets to VLANs by filtering. • Assumes the presence of a single global spanning tr ee.
Figure 6- 38. IEEE 802.1Q T ag The EtherT ype and VLAN ID are inserted after the MA C source addr ess, but befor e the original EtherT ype/Length or Logical Link Control. Because the packet is no w a bit longer than it was originally , the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) must be recalculated.
P ort VLAN ID Packets that ar e tagged (are car rying the 802.1Q VID information) can be transmitted from one 802.1Q compliant netw ork device to another with the VLAN inf ormation intact. This allows 802.1Q VLANs to span netw ork devices (and indeed, the entire network, if all network de vices are 802.
An example is presented below: VLAN Name VID Switch Por ts System (default) 1 5, 6, 7, 8, 21, 22, 23, 24 Engineering 2 9, 10, 11, 12 Marketing 3 13, 14, 15, 16 Finance 4 17, 18, 19, 20 Sales 5 1, 2, 3, 4 T able 6- 3. VLAN Example – Assigned P orts P ort-based VLANs Port-based VLANs limit traffic that flows into and out of s witch ports.
Pr otocol Type Header in Hexadecimal F orm IP over Ethernet 0x0800 IPX 802.3 0xFFFF IPX 802.2 0xE0E0 IPX SNAP 0x8137 IPX over Ethernet2 0x8137 DecLA T 0x6000 DecOther 0x6009 SNA 802.2 0x0404 NetBios 0xF0F0 XNS 0x0600 VINES 0x0BAD IPv6 0x86DD AppleT alk 0x809B RARP 0x8035 T able 6- 4.
The 802.1Q Static VLANs menu lists all previousl y configured VLANs b y VLAN ID and VL AN Name . T o delete an existing 802.1Q VLAN, click the corresponding button under the Delete heading. T o create a ne w 802.1Q VLAN, click the Add button in the 802.
Parameter Descr iption Unit Choose the Switch ID number of the Switch in the switch stack to be modified. VID (VLAN ID) Allows the entry of a VLAN ID in the Add dialog bo x, or displays the VLAN ID of an existing VLAN in the Modify dialog box.VLANs can be identified by either the VID or the VLAN name.
User Defined Pid – Specifies that the VLAN will only accept packets with this hexadecimal 802.1Q Ethernet type value in the packet header . The user may define an entry , in the hexadecimal form (ffff) to define the packet identification.
The following fields can be set: Parameter Descr iption Unit Choose the Switch ID number of the Switch in the switch stack to be modified. Fr om/T o These tw o fields allow you to specify the range of ports that will be included in the P ort-based VLAN that you are cr eating using the 802.
T o configure T raf fic Control , first select the Switch’ s Unit ID number from the pull down men u and then a group of ports by using the Gr oup pull down menu. Finally , enable or disable the Br oadcast Storm , Multicast Storm and Destination Unkno wn using their corr esponding pull-down menus.
65 Allied T elesyn A T -9724TS High-Density La yer 3 Stackable Gigabit Ethernet Switch 6-17 P ort Lock Entr ies The Por t Lock Entry Delete window is used to r emov e an entr y fr om the port security entries learned by the Switch and entered into the forwar ding database.
6-18 QoS The A T -9724TS supports 802.1p priority queuing Quality of Ser vice. The following section discusses the implementation of QoS (Quality of Service) and benefits of using 802.1p priority queuing. The Advanta ges of QoS QoS is an implementation of the IEEE 802.
A~H with their respectiv e weight value: 8~1, the packets ar e sent in the following sequence: A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, F1, G1, H1, A2, B2, C2, D2, E2, F2, G2, A3, B3, C3, D3, E3, F3, A4, B4, C4, D4, E4, A5, B5, C5, D5, A6, B6, C6, A7, B7, A8, A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, F1, G1, H1.
Click Apply to set the bandwidth control for the selected ports. Results of configured Bandwidth Settings will be displa yed in the Por t Bandwidth Ta b l e . QoS Scheduling Mechanism This drop-do wn menu allows y ou to select between a W eight Fair and a Str ict mechanism for emptying the classes of service .
Y ou ma y assign the following values to the QoS classes to set the scheduling. Parameter Descr iption Max. Pack ets Specifies the maximum number of pack ets the abov e specified hardwar e priority queue will be allowed to transmit before allo wing the next lowest priority queue to transmit its pack ets.
802.1p Def ault Pr ior ity The Switch allows the assignment of a default 802.1p priority to each port on the Switch. In the Configuration folder open the QoS folder and click 802.1p Defa ult Pr ior ity , to view the scr een shown below . Figure 6- 52.
Once you ha ve assigned a priority to the port groups on the Switch, you can then assign this Class to each of the7 lev els of 802.1p priorities. Click Apply to set your changes.
Clicking the Apply button will enter the combination of transmitting por t and allow ed receiving ports into the Switch's Tr af fic Segmentation T a ble . 6-19 System Log Server The Switch can send Syslog messages to up to four designated servers using the System Log Server .
Parameter Descr iption Index Syslog server settings index (1-4). Server IP The IP addr ess of the Syslog ser ver . Sever ity This drop-down menu allows y ou to select the lev el of messages that will be sent. The options are W arning, Informational , and All.
6-20 SNTP Settings Curr ent Time Settings T o configure the time settings f or the Switch, open the Configuration folder , then the SNTP folder and click on the Curr ent Time Setting link, rev ealing the following scr een for the user to configure. Figure 6- 58.
Time Zone and DST The following ar e screens used to configur e time zones and Da ylight Sa vings time settings for SNTP . Open the Configuration folder , then the SNTP folder and click on the Time Zone and DST link, revealing the f ollowing screen. Figure 6- 59.
6-21 Access Pr ofile T able Configur ing the Access Pr ofile T able Access profiles allo w you to establish criteria to determine whether or not the Switch will forwar d packets based on the inf ormation contained in each packet's header . These criteria can be specified on a basis of VLAN, MAC addr ess or IP addr ess.
The following parameters can be set, for the Ethernet type: Parameter Descr iption Pr ofile ID (1-8) T ype in a unique identifier number for this profile set.This value can be set from 1 - 8. Type Select pr ofile based on Ethernet (MA C Address), IP address or pack et content mask.
Sour ce IP Mask Enter an IP addr ess mask for the source IP ad dress. Destination IP Mask Enter an IP addr ess mask for the destination IP addr ess. DSCP Selecting this option instructs the Switch to examine the DiffServ Code par t of each packet header and use this as the, or par t of the criterion for forwar ding.
79 Allied T elesyn A T -9724TS High-Density La yer 3 Stackable Gigabit Ethernet Switch This screen will aid the user in configuring the Switch to mask pack et headers beginning with the offset value specified.
Figure 6- 65. Access Rule Configuration window (IP) Configure the follo wing Access Rule Configuration settings for IP: Parameter Descr iption Pr ofile ID This is the identifier number f or this pr ofile set.
Figure 6- 66. Access Rule Display windo w (IP) T o configure the Access Rule for Ethernet , open the Access Profile T a ble and click Modify for an Ethernet entry . This will open the following scr een: Figur e 6- 67. Access Rule T able T o remo ve a pr eviously cr eated rule, select it and click the 8 button.
Parameter Descr iption Pr ofile ID This is the identifier number for this pr ofile set. Mode Select Permit to specify that the pack ets that match the access profile are f orwarded by the Switch, according to any ad ditional rule added (see below).
Figure 6- 70. Access Rule T able (Pack et Content Mask) T o remo ve a pr eviously cr eated rule, select it and click the 8 button. T o add a ne w Access Rule, click the Add button: Figure 6- 71. Access Rule Configuration – Packet Content Mask T o set the Access Rule f or the Pack et Content Mask , adjust the following parameters and click Apply .
Pr ior ity This parameter is specified if you want to r e-write the 802.1p default priority pre viously set in the Switch, which is used to determine the CoS queue to which pack ets are forwar ded to.
P ort-Based Networ k Access Contr ol Figur e 6- 73. Example of T ypical Port-Based Configuration Once the connected device has successfully been authenticated, the Port then becomes Authorized, and all subsequent traffic on the Port is not subject to access control r estriction until an ev ent occurs that causes the Port to become Unauthorized.
Configur e Authenticator T o configure the 802.1X Authenticator Settings, click P AE Access Entity > Configure Authenticator : Figure 6- 75. 802.1X Authenticator Settings window T o vie w the 802.
This screen allows y ou to set the following f eatures: Parameter Descr iption Unit Choose the Switch ID number of the Switch in the switch stack to be modified. Fr om [ ] T o [ ] Enter the port or por ts to be set. AdmCtrlDir Sets the administrativ e-controlled dir ection to either in or both .
P AE System Contr ol Existing 802.1x port settings are displa yed and can be configur ed using the windows below . Por t Capability Settings Click Por t Access Entity > P AE System Contr ol > 802.1X Capability Settings to view the following windo w: Figur e 6- 78.
Initializing P orts for P ort Based 802.1x Existing 802.1x port settings are displa yed and can be configur ed using the window below . Note: Ensure P ort Based 802.1x is enabled under Configuration > Advanced Settings . Click Por t Access Entity > P AE System Contr ol > Initialize P ort(s) to open the following window: Figur e 6- 79.
Initializing P orts for MAC Based 802.1x T o initialize ports for the MA C side of 802.1x, the user must first enable 802.1x by MA C addr ess in the Advanced Settings window . Click Port Access Entity > P AE System Contr ol > Initialize P ort(s) to open the following windo w: Figure 6- 80.
This window displa ys the following inf ormation: Parameter Descr iption Unit Choose the Switch ID number of the Switch in the switch stack to be modified.
RADIUS Server The RADIUS feature of the Switch allo ws you to facilitate centralized user administration as w ell as pro viding protection against a sniffing, active hacker .
6-23 Layer 3 IP Netw orking Lay er 3 Gl obal Advanced Settings The L3 Global Advanced Settings window allo ws the user to enable and disable La yer 3 settings and functions fr om a single window . The full settings and descriptions for these functions will appear later in this section.
VLAN Name VID Network Number IP Address System (default) 1 10.32.0.0 10.32.0.1 Engineer 2 10.64.0.0 10.64.0.1 Marketing 3 10.96.0.0 10.96.0.1 Finance 4 10.
Figure 6- 87. IP Interface Configuration – Edit window Choose a name for the interface to be added and enter it in the Interface Name field (if you ar e editing an IP Interface, the Interface Name will already be in the top field as seen in the window abov e).
The following fields can be set: Parameter Descr iption K ey ID A number fr om 1 to 255 used to identify the MD5 K ey . Ke y A alphanumeric string of betw een 1 and 16 case-sensitive characters used to generate the Message Digest which is in turn, used to authenticate OSPF packets within the OSPF r outing domain.
97 Allied T elesyn A T -9724TS High-Density La yer 3 Stackable Gigabit Ethernet Switch The following parameters ma y be set or viewed: Parameter Descr iption Dest Pr otocol Allows for the selection of the pr otocol for the destination device. Choose between RIP and OSPF .
Figure 6- 91. Static/Default Route Settings – Add window The following fields can be set: Parameter Descr iption IP Addr ess Allows the entry of an IP address that will be a static entry into the Switch’ s Routing T able. Subnet Mask Allows the entry of a subnet mask corresponding to the IP addr ess abov e.
3. After changing the route pr efer ence value for a specific routing pr otocol, that pr otocol needs to be restarted because the previousl y learned routes ha ve been dr opped from the Switch.The Switch must learn the routes again befor e the new settings can tak e effect.
Static ARP T a ble The Address Resolution Protocol ( ARP ) is a TCP/IP pr otocol that conv erts IP addresses into ph ysical addresses.This table allows network managers to view , define, modify and delete ARP information f or specific devices. Static entries can be defined in the ARP T a ble .
T o maximize stability , the hop count RIP uses to measure distance must ha ve a low maximum value. Infinity (that is, the network is unreachable) is defined as 16 hops. In other words, if a network is more than 16 r outers fr om the source, the local router will consider the netw ork unreachable.
T o setup RIP for the IP interfaces configur ed on the Switch, the user must enable RIP and then configure RIP settings f or the individual IP interfaces.
Parameter Descr iption Interface Na me The name of the IP interface on which RIP is to be setup . This interface must be previousl y configured on the Switch. IP Addr ess The IP addr ess corresponding to the Interface Name sho wing in the field above.
Shortest P ath T r ee T o build Router A’ s shortest path tree for the netw ork diagrammed below , Router A is put at the root of the tr ee and the smallest cost link to each destination netw ork is calculated. Figur e 6- 98. Constructing a Shor test Path T r ee The diagram abov e shows the network fr om the viewpoint of Router A.
Figure 6- 99. Constructing a Shor test Path T r ee – Completed Note that this shortest path tree is only fr om the viewpoint of Router A. The cost of the link from Router B to Router A, for instance is not important to constructing Router A’ s shortest path tree, but is very impor tant when Router B is constructing its shortest path tree.
OSPF Authentication OSPF packets can be authenticated as coming fr om trusted routers by the use of predefined pass wor ds. The default for routers is to use not authentication. There ar e two other authentication methods – simple pass word authentication (k ey) and Message Digest authentication (MD-5).
Adjacencies Adjacent routers g o beyond the simple Hello exchange and participate in the link-state database exchange pr ocess. OSPF elects one router as the Designated Router (DR) and a second r outer as the Backup Designated Router (BDR) on each m ulti-access segment (the BDR is a backup in case of a DR failure).
Figure 6- 100. OSPF Packet Header Format Field Descr iption V ersion No. The OSPF v ersion number . Type The OSPF pack et type . The OSPF packet types ar e as follows: T ype Description Hello Database Description Link-State Request Link-State Update Link-State Acknowledgment.
Figure 6- 101. Hello Packet Field Descr iption Netw or k Mask The netw ork mask associated with this interface . Options The optional capabilities supported by the router . Hello Interval The number of seconds between this r outer’ s Hello pack ets.
Figur e 6- 102. Database Description Packet Field Descr iption Options The optional capabilities supported by the router . I – bit The Initial bit. When set to 1, this packet is the first in the sequence of Database Description pack ets. M – bit The Mor e bit.
Figure 6- 103. Link-State Request Packet Each advertisement requested is specified b y its Link-State T ype, Link-State ID , and Adv ertising Router . This uniquely identifies the advertisement, but not its instance. Link-State Request packets are understood to be r equests for the most r ecent instance.
Link-State Acknowledgment P ack et Link-State Acknowledgment pack ets are OSPF packet type 5. T o mak e the folding of link-state adv ertisements reliable, flooded advertisements are explicitly ackno wledged. This acknowledgment is accomplished thr ough the sending and receiving of Link-State Acknowledgment packets.
Link State Adver tisement Header All link state advertisements begin with a common 20-byte header . This header contains enough information to uniquely identify the adv ertisements (Link State T ype , Link State ID , and Advertising Router). Multiple instances of the link state advertisement ma y exist in the routing domain at the same time.
Figure 6- 107. Routers Links Advertisements In r outer links adv ertisements, the Link State ID field is set to the router’ s OSPF Router ID . The T -bit is set in the advertisement’ s Option field if and only if the r outer is able to calculate a separate set of r outes for each IP T ype of Ser vice (T OS).
For each link, separate metrics may be specified for each T ype of Ser vice (T OS). The metric for T OS 0 must alwa ys be included, and was discussed above. Metrics for non-zer o T OS are described below . Note that the cost for non-zer o T OS values that are not specified defaults to the T OS 0 cost.
Figure 6- 109. Summar y Link Advertisements For stub ar ea, T ype 3 summar y link advertisements can also be used to describe a default route on a per -area basis. Default summar y routes ar e used in stub area instead of flooding a complete set of external routes.
Field Descr iption Network Mask The IP addr ess mask for the advertised destination. E – bit The type of external metric. If the E - bit is set, the metric specified is a T ype 2 external metric. This means the metric is considered larger than an y link state path.
T o add an OSPF Area to the table, type a unique Area ID (see belo w) select the Type fr om the dr op-down menu. For a Stub type , choose Enabled or Disabled from the Stub Impor t Summary L SA dr op-down menu and determine the Stub Default Cost . Click the Add/Modify button to add the Area ID set to the table.
Figure 6- 115. OSPF Interface Settings – Edit window Configure each IP interface individually using the O SPF Interface Settings – Edit menu. Click the Apply button when you hav e entered the settings.The new configuration appears listed in the OSPF Interface Settings table.
OSPF Vir tual Interf ace Settings Click the OSPF Virtual Interface Settings link to vie w the current OSPF V irtual Interface Settings . There are not virtual interface settings configured by default, so the first time this table is viewed ther e will be not interfaces listed.
OSPF Ar ea Agg r eg ation Settings Area Aggregation allows all of the r outing information that ma y be contained within an area to be aggr egated into a summary LSDB advertisement of just the netw ork addr ess and subnet mask.
T o configure OSPF host r outes, click the OSPF Host Route Settings link. T o add a ne w OSPF Route, click the Add button. Configure the setting in the menu that appears.
Figure 6- 122. DHCP/BootP Global Settings window The following fields can be set: Parameter Descr iption BOO TP Relay Status This field can be toggled between Enabled and Disabled using the pull-down men u. It is used to enable or disable the BOO TP/DHCP Relay service on the Switch.
Mapping Doma in Names to Addr esses Name-to-address translation is perf ormed by a pr ogram called a Name ser v er . The client program is called a Name r esolver . A Name resolver ma y need to contact sev eral Name ser vers to translate a name to an ad dress.
Figure 6- 125. DNS Relay Static Settings and T able window T o add an entry into the DNS Relay Static T a bl e, simply enter a Domain Name with its corresponding IP ad dress and click Add . A successful entr y will be presented in the table below , as shown in the example abov e.
VRRP Interf ace Settings The following window will allo w the user to view the parameters for the VRRP function on the Switch. T o vie w this window , click Configuration > Layer 3 IP Networking > VRRP > VRRP Configur ation : Figure 6- 127.
Parameter Descr iption Interface Na me Enter the name of a pre viously configured IP interface to cr eate a VRRP entry for . This IP interface must be assigned to a VLAN on the Switch. VRID (1-255) Enter a value between 1 and 255 to uniquely identify this VRRP gr oup on the Switch.
Figur e 6- 129.VRRP Interface Entr y Displa y window This window displa ys the following inf ormation: Parameter Descr iption Interface Na me An IP interface name that has been enabled for VRRP . This entry must hav e been pre viously set in the IP Interface Settings table.
IP Multicast Routing Pr otocol The functions supporting IP multicasting are added under the IP Multicast Routing Pr otocol folder , from the Layer 3 IP Networ king folder . IGMP Snooping , DVMRP , and PIM-DM can be enabled or disabled on the Switch without changing the individual protocol’ s configuration.
DVMRP Interface Configuration The Distance V ector Multicast Routing Pr otocol ( DVMRP ) is a hop-based method of building m ulticast delivery trees from m ulticast sources to all nodes of a network. Because the deliver y trees ar e ‘pruned’ and ‘shor test path’, D VMRP is relativ ely efficient.
The following fields can be set: Parameter Descr iption Interface Na me Displa ys the name of the IP interface for which D VMRP is to be configured. This must be a pre viously defined IP interface. IP Addr ess Displa ys the IP address cor responding to the IP Interface name enter ed above.
T o view the PIM-DM T able , open the IP Multicasting folder under Configuration and click PIM-DM Interface Configuration . This window allows the PIM-DM to be configured f or each IP interface defined on the Switch. Each IP interface configured on the Switch is displa yed in the below PIM-DM Interface Table dialog box.
Chapter 7 - Secur ity Mana gement 7-1 Security IP 7-2 User Accounts 7-3 Access Authentication Control (T A CACS) 7-4 Secure Sock ets La yer (SSL) 7-5 Secure Shell (SSH) The following section will aid the user in configuring security functions f or the Switch.
Figure 7- 3. User Accounts Modify T able – Add Ad d a new user b y typing in a User Na me , and N e w Passwor d and r etype the same passw ord in the Confirm Ne w P asswor d . Choose the lev el of privilege ( Admin or User ) from the Access Right drop-down men u.
7-3 Access Authentication Contr ol The T A CACS / XT ACACS / T A C A CS+ / RADIUS commands let you secur e access to the Switch using the T A C A CS / XT ACACS / T A C A CS+ / RADIUS protocols.When a user logs in to the Switch or tries to access the administrator level privilege, he or she is prompted for a pass word.
The following parameters can be set: Parameter Descr iption Authentication Policy Use the pull down menu to enable or disable the Authentication P olicy on the Switch. Response Timeout (0-255) This field will set the time the Switch will wait for a response of authentication fr om the user .
Figure 7- 7. Authentication Ser ver Gr oup Settings window This screen displa ys the Authentication Ser ver Gr oups on the Switch. The Switch has four built-in Authentication Ser ver Groups that cannot be r emov ed but can be modified.
Authentication Server Hosts This window will set user -defined Authentication Server Hosts for the T A CACS / XT ACA CS / T A C A CS+ / RADIUS security pr otocols on the Switch.
Note: More than one authentication pr otocol can be run on the same ph ysical server host but, remember that T A CACS/XT ACACS/T ACA CS+ are separate entities and ar e not compatible with each other .
T o define a Login Method List, set the following parameters and click Apply : Parameter Descr iption Method List Name Enter a method list name defined by the user of up to 15 characters.
Figure 7- 16. Enable Method List – Edit window Figure 7- 17. Enable Method List – Add window T o define an Enable Login Method List, set the following parameters and click A pply : Parameter Descr iption Method List Na me Enter a method list name defined b y the user of up to 15 characters.
Figure 7- 18. Configure Local Enable Passwor d window T o set the Local Enable Passw ord, set the following parameters and click Apply . Parameter Descr iption Old Local Enable Passw or d If a pass wor d was previousl y configured for this entry , enter it here in order to change it to a ne w passwor d.
7-4 Secur e Sock et Layer (SSL) Secure Sock ets Layer or SSL is a security featur e that will pr ovide a secure comm unication path between a host and client thr ough the use of authentication, digital signatures and encryption.
Configuration This screen will allow the user to enable SSL on the Switch and implement an y one or combination of listed ciphersuites on the Switch. A cipher suite is a security string that determines the exact cryptographic parameters, specific encr yption algorithms and k ey sizes to be used for an authentication session.
7-5 Secur e Shell (SSH) SSH is an abbre viation of Secure Shell , which is a program allo wing secure r emote login and secure netw ork ser vices ov er an insecure netw ork.
Figure 7- 24. SSH Algorithms window The f ollowing alg orithms ma y be set: Para meter Descr iption Authentication Mode Configuration Passw or d This field ma y be enabled or disabled to choose if the administrator wishes to use a locally configur ed pass wor d for authentication on the Switch.
Data Integ r ity Algor ithm HMAC-SHA1 Use the pull-down to enable or disable the HMA C (Hash for Message Authentication Code) mechanism utilizing the Secure Hash algorithm.
Parameter Descr iption User Name Enter a User Name of no mor e than 15 characters to identify the SSH user . This User Name must be a pre viously configured user account on the Switch. Auth. Mode The administrator may choose one of the f ollowing to set the authorization for users attempting to access the Switch.
Chapter 8 - SNMP Ma nager SNMP Settings Simple Network Management Pr otocol (SNMP) is an OSI La yer 7 (Application La yer) designed specifically for managing and monitoring netw ork devices. SNMP enables network management stations to r ead and modify the settings of gatewa ys, routers, switches, and other network devices.
T o displa y the detailed entry for a given user , click on the hyperlink ed User Name. This will open the SNMP User Table Display page, as shown below . Figure 8- 2. SNMP User T able Displa y window The following parameters ar e displa yed: Parameter Descr iption User Name An alphan umeric string of up to 32 characters.
Parameter Descr iption User Name Enter an alphan umeric string of up to 32 characters. This is used to identify the SNMP user . Gr oup Name This name is used to specify the SNMP group cr eated can request SNMP messages. SNMP V ersion V1 – Specifies that SNMP version 1 will be used.
Figure 8- 5. SNMP View T able Configuration windo w The SNMP Group cr eated with this table maps SNMP users (identified in the SNMP User T able ) to the views created in the pr evious menu. The f ollowing parameters can be set: Parameter Descr iption View Name T ype an alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters.
Figure 8- 7. SNMP Group T able Configuration windo w The following parameters can be set: Parameter Descr iption Gr oup Name T ype an alphan umeric string of up to 32 characters. This is used to identify the new SNMP group of SNMP users. Read View Name This name is used to specify the SNMP group cr eated can request SNMP messages.
Figure 8- 8. SNMP Community T able Configuration and T able window The following parameters can be set: P arameter Descr iption Community Name T ype an alphanumeric string of up to 33 characters that is used to identify members of an SNMP community .
Figure 8-10. SNMP Host T able Configuration window The following parameters can be set: Parameter Descr iption Host IP Addr ess T ype the IP ad dress of the r emote management station that will ser ve as the SNMP host f or the Switch. SNMP V ersion V1 – T o specifies that SNMP version 1 will be used.
Chapter 9 - Monitor ing 9-1 P ort Utilization The Por t Utilization page displa ys the percentage of the total a vailable bandwidth being used on the port. T o view the port utilization, open the Monitor ing folder and then the P ort Utilization link: Figure 9- 1.
Figur e 9- 2. CPU Utilization graph Click Apply to implement the configured settings. The window will automatically r efresh with ne w updated statistics. The information is described as follo ws: Parameter Descr iption Time Interval Select the desired setting betw een 1s and 60s, where "s" stands for seconds.
Figure 9- 3. Rx Packets Analysis windo w (line graph for Bytes and Pack ets) T o view the R eceived P ack ets T able , click the link View T a ble , which will show the following table: Figure 9- 4.
Parameter Descr iption Time Interval Select the desired setting betw een 1s and 60s, where "s" stands for seconds.The default value is one second. Recor d Number Select number of times the Switch will be polled between 20 and 200.The default value is 200.
Figure 9- 6. Rx Packets Analysis windo w (table for Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast Pack ets) The following fields ma y be set or viewed: Parameter Descr iption Time Interval Select the desired setting betw een 1s and 60s, where "s" stands for seconds.
Figur e 9- 7. Tx Pack ets Analysis windo w (line graph for Bytes and Pack ets) T o view the T ransmitted (TX) T a ble , click the link View T able, which will show the following table: Figure 9- 8.
The following fields ma y be set or viewed: Parameter Descr iption Time Interval Select the desired setting betw een 1s and 60s, where "s" stands for seconds.The default value is one second. Recor d Number Select number of times the Switch will be polled between 20 and 200.
Figure 9- 10. Rx Error Analysis window (table) The following fields can be set: Parameter Descr iption Time Interval Select the desired setting betw een 1s and 60s, where "s" stands for seconds.The default value is one second. Recor d Number Select number of times the Switch will be polled between 20 and 200.
Figur e 9- 11. Tx Err or Analysis windo w (line graph) T o view the T ransmitted Err or P ack ets T able , click the link View T able, which will show the following table: Figure 9- 12.
Parameter Descr iption Time Interval Select the desired setting betw een 1s and 60s, where "s" stands for seconds.The default value is one second. Recor d Number Select number of times the Switch will be polled between 20 and 200.The default value is 200.
Figure 9- 14. Rx Size Analysis window (table) The following fields can be set or vie wed: Parameter Descr iption Time Interval Select the desired setting betw een 1s and 60s, where "s" stands for seconds.The default value is one second. Recor d Number Select number of times the Switch will be polled between 20 and 200.
Figure 9- 15. Stacking Information window The Stacking Information window holds the f ollowing information: Parameter Descr iption Box ID Displa ys the Switch’ s order in the stack. User Set Box ID can be assigned automatically (Auto), or can be assigned statically .
Figure 9- 16. Device Status window The following fields ma y be viewed in this window: Parameter Descr iption ID The Box ID of the Switch in the switch stack. Internal Po wer A read only field denoting the curr ent status of the internal power suppl y .
The following fields can be vie wed or set: Parameter Descr iption VLAN Name Enter a VLAN Name for the forwar ding table to be bro wsed by . MAC Addr ess Enter a MA C addr ess for the forwar ding table to be bro wsed by .
Parameter Descr iption Sequence A counter incremented whene ver an entry to the Switch's histor y log is made. The table displays the last entry (highest sequence number) first. Time Displa ys the time in da ys, hours, and minutes since the Switch was last restarted.
The user ma y search the IGMP Snooping F orwar ding T able b y VLAN Name using the top left hand corner Sear ch . The following fields can be vie wed: Parameter Descr iption VLAN Name The VLAN Name of the multicast gr oup . Sour ce IP The Source IP address of the m ulticast group .
Figure 9- 23. Authenticator State – MAC Based 802.1X This window displa ys the A uthenticator State f or individual ports on a selected device. T o select unit within the switch stack, use the pull-down menu at the top of the window and click Apply .
Figure 9- 24. Authenticator Statistics window The user can specify a switch in a switch stack using that s witch’ s Unit ID by using the pull down menu in the top left hand corner . The user ma y also select the desired time interval to update the statistics, between 1s and 60s , where “s” stands for seconds.
Authenticator Session Statistics This table contains the session statistics objects for the Authenticator P AE associated with each port. An entry appears in this table for each port that suppor ts the Authenticator function.
Authenticator Dia gnostics This table contains the diagnostic information r egarding the operation of the Authenticator associated with each port. An entr y appears in this table for each por t that suppor ts the Authenticator function.
Authed Start Counts the number of times that the state machine transitions from AUTHENTICA TED to CONNECTING, as a result of an EAPOL-Start message being receiv ed from the Supplicant.
BadAuthenticators The number of RADIUS Access-Response packets containing invalid authenticators or Signatur e attributes receiv ed from this server . PendingR equests The number of RADIUS Access-Request packets destined for this server that ha ve not y et timed out or receiv ed a response.
Note: T o configure 802.1x f eatures for the A T -9724TS, go to the Configuration folder and select P ort Access Entity . Configuration and other information concerning 802.
Br owse Routing T able The Br owse Routing T able window ma y be found in the Monitoring men u in the Layer 3 Featur e folder . This screen sho ws the current IP r outing table of the Switch. T o find a specific IP route, enter an IP addr ess into the Destination Address field along with a proper subnet mask into the Mask field and click Find .
Figure 9- 32. Browse IP Multicast Forwar ding T able Br owse IGMP Gr oup T a ble The Br owse IGMP Gr oup Table window ma y be found in the Monitor ing menu in the Layer 3 Featur e f older . This window will show cur rent IGMP gr oup entries on the Switch.
The following fields ar e displa yed in the OSPF L SDB T able : Parameter Descr iption Ar ea ID Allows the entry of an OSPF Area ID . This Ar ea ID will then be used to search the table, and displa y an entr y – if there is one.
Figure 9- 36 .OSPF Vir tual Neighbor T able DVMRP Monitor ing This menu allows the D VMRP (Distance-V ector Multicast Routing Pr otocol) to be monitored for each IP interface defined on the Switch.
Br owse D VMRP Routing Next Hop T able The DVMRP Routing Next Hop T able contains information r egarding the next-hop for f orwarding multicast pack ets on outgoing interfaces. Each entr y in the DVMRP Routing Next Hop T able ref ers to the next-hop of a specific source to a specific m ulticast group addr ess.
Chapter 10 - Switch Ma intenance 10-1 TFTP Services 10-2 Multiple Image Services 10-3 CF Services 10-4 Ping T est 10-5 Sa ve Changes 10-6 Reset 10-7 Reboot Services 10-8 Logout 10-1 TFTP Service Tr iv.
Enter the IP addr ess of the TFTP ser ver and specify the location of the switch configuration file on the TFTP server . Click Start to initiate the file transfer .
Figure 10- 5. Firmware Information window This window holds the following inf ormation: Parameter Descr iption BO X States the stacking ID number of the switch in the s witch stack. ID States the image ID number of the firmwar e in the Switch’ s memor y .
This window offers the follo wing information: Parameter Descr iption Image Select the firmware image to be configured using the pull-do wn menu. The Switch allows two firmwar e images to be stored in the Switch’ s memory . Active This field has tw o options for configuration.
10-5 Save Changes The A T -9724TS has two le vels of memory; normal RAM and non-volatile or NV -RAM. Configuration changes are made effective clicking the Apply button. When this is done, the settings will be immediately applied to the switching software in RAM, and will immediately take eff ect.
10-7 Reboot Device The following menu is used to r estart the Switch. Figure 10- 10. Restar t System window Clicking the Ye s click-box will instruct the Switch to sa ve the curr ent configuration to non-volatile RAM bef ore r estarting the Switch.
Appendix A - T echnical Specifications General Sta ndard IEEE 802.3u 100TX Fast Ethernet IEEE 802.3ab 1000T Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.1 P/Q VLAN IEEE 802.
P erformance Tr ansmission Method: Store-and-forwar d RAM Buffer: 2 MB per device Filter ing Addr ess T a ble: 16 K MA C addr ess per device Pack et Filtering/ Full-wire speed for all connections. Forwar ding R ate: 148,810 pps per por t (for 100Mbps) 1,488,100 pps per port (for 1000Mbps) MAC Addr ess Lea rning: Automatic update.
Appendix B - Tr anslated Electr ical Safety a nd Emission Information Important : This appendix contains multiple-language translations for the saf ety statements in this guide. Wichtig : Dieser Anhang enthält Übersetzungen der in diesem Handbuch enthaltenen Sicherheitshinweise in mehrer en Sprachen.
Die Entlüftungsöffnungen dürfen nicht v ersperrt sein und müssen zum Kühlen freien Zugang zur Raumluft haben. 6 m BETRIEBSTEMPERA TUR: Dieses Produkt wur de für den Betrieb in einer Umgebungstemperatur von nicht mehr als 40° C entworfen. 7 m ALLE LÄNDER: Installation muß örtlichen und nationalen elektrischen V orschriften entspr echen.
3 c ÉQUIPEMENT DE CLASSE 1 ÉLECTRIQUE CE MA TÉRIEL DOIT ÊTRE MIS A LA TERRE. La prise de courant doit être branchée dans une prise f emelle correctement mise à la terr e car des tensions danger euses risqueraient d’atteindre les pièces métalliques accessibles à l’utilisateur .
Sikk erhetsnormer: Dette produktet tilfr edsstiller følgende sikk erhetsnormer . 1 c F ARE FOR L YNNEDSLAG F ARE: ARBEID IKKE på utstyr eller KABLER i T ORDENVÆR. 2 c FORSIKTIG: STRØMLEDNINGEN BRUKES TIL Å FRAK OBLE UTSTYRET . FOR Å DEAKTIVISERE UTSTYRET , må strømforsyningen k obles fra.
4 m EQUIPO CONECT ABLE, el tomacor riente se debe instalar cerca del equipo , en un lugar con acceso fácil". 5 m A TENCION: Las aberturas para ventilación no deberán bloquearse y deberán tener acceso libr e al aire ambiental de la sala para su enfriamiento.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Allied Telesis AT-9724TS è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Allied Telesis AT-9724TS - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Allied Telesis AT-9724TS imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Allied Telesis AT-9724TS ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Allied Telesis AT-9724TS, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Allied Telesis AT-9724TS.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Allied Telesis AT-9724TS. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Allied Telesis AT-9724TS insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
