Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto U2761A del fabbricante Agilent Technologies
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Agilent T echnologies Agil ent U27 61A USB M o dula r Fun ct io n/A rbi tr a ry W avef orm Ge nerat or User’ s Guid e.
II U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de Notices © A gilen t T echn olo gie s, In c., 2 008 N o p a r t o f t h i s m a n u a l m a y b e r e p r o d u c e d i n any form or by a ny mea ns (in cluding e lec- t.
U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de III Safe ty Symb ols Th e fol lowin g sy mb ol s on the inst ru ment and in t he do cume ntat ion ind ica te p rec au ti ons wh ich mu st be t ake n to ma intai n saf e op er atio n of the in str um ent .
IV U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de General Safety Information The f ollowi ng ge ner al saf ety preca utions m u st be ob serv ed during all phas es o f oper ation of th is ins tr ument .
U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de V Enviro nme nt Co n dition s Thi s inst ru men t is des ign ed f or in door u se and in th e area wi th low con den sat ion. Th e t abl e be low shows th e general env iron menta l req u ire m en ts fo r t hi s in s t ru me n t.
VI U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de Regulatory M a rkings The C E mar k is a r egis tered tra dema r k of the Eu r ope an Co mmun ity . This CE mark shows that the produ ct c omp lies with all the rele vant Euro pea n Legal Direct ives. The C-ti ck m ark i s a reg ist ered trademark of th e Spe ctrum Ma na gem e nt Age n cy of A us tra li a.
U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de VII W as te E lec t ric al and El ec tr onic Eq uip ment (W EEE ) D irec t ive 2002 /96/EC Thi s inst rume n t co mpl ies wi th the W EEE D ire ct ive ( 2002 / 96/E C) ma rk ing requi r ement .
VIII U2761 A U se r’s Gu ide Dec larati on of C onformi ty DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to EN ISO/IEC 17050-1:2004 Generic example Manufacturer’s Name: Agilent Tec hnologies Mic rowave Products (M) Sdn.
U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de IX Product Regulations Performance Criteria IEC 61326- 1:2002 / EN 61326-1 :1997+A 1:1998 + A2:20 01+A3 :2 003 CISPR 11:1 990 / EN 550 11:1990 – Group 1 Class A IEC 61000.
X U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de In This G uide … 1 Get ting S tar ted I n this ch apter , yo u prepa re your s yst em f or in sta lla t io n and co nf igu rati on to get s tar ted wi th the U2 761 A. 2 Fea tures an d Func tions In t his cha p ter , you wi ll le ar n ab ou t the f unc tion s an d fe atur e s of fer ed b y the U2 761 A.
U2 761 A U ser' s Gu ide XI Con tent s List of Figu res XV List of T ables XVII 1 Getti ng Sta rted 1 Introd uction 2 Produ ct at a G lan ce 3 Pr oduc t Outl ook 3 Pro duc t Dimens io ns 5 Di men.
XII U 276 1A U ser 's G ui de Conte n ts 2 Featur es and F unctions 25 Outp ut Conf igurati on 26 Introd uction 26 Out put Fu nction 26 Outp ut Freque nc y 29 Outp ut Amplitude 31 Out put Un its .
Conte n ts U2 761 A U ser' s Gu ide XIII Mo du l a ti ng Wav efo rm Fr eq u e nc y 59 Frequ e ncy De vi ation 59 Genera te FM Usin g SCPI Commands 60 P ha se Mod ul a ti o n ( PM) 61 To S e l e c.
XIV U 276 1A U ser 's G ui de Conte n ts T o Select Sweep 80 Start Fre quen cy an d Stop Fr eq uency 81 Sweep Mode 82 Sweep T ime 82 Sweep T rigge r Sourc e 83 Set Frequency Sweep Using SCPI Comm.
U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de XV Lis t of Figures Figure 1 -1 55-pi n backpl ane c onnector p in confi gur ation 23 Figure 2 -1 U 2761A sof t front pa nel 28 Figure 2 -2 T o p pan el v iew of the U276 1.
XVI U2 761 A Use r’s G ui de.
U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de XV II Lis t of T able s Ta b l e 1 - 1 Synchro nous S imul taneous Int erfac e (SSI) conne cto r pin de scr ipti o n 23 Ta b l e 2 - 1 Out put f unctio ns 26 Ta b l e 2 - 2.
XVI II U2761 A U se r’s Gu ide.
1 Agilen t T echnolo gies Ag il ent U27 6 1A US B Mo du la r F unct ion Ge ne rato r Use r’ s Gu id e 1 Gett ing S tar ted I ntr oduc ti o n 2 Pro duct at a Gl an ce 3 Pro du ct D i mens io ns 5 Sta.
2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Introducti on The U27 6 1A is a 20 MH z USB mod ular function ge nerator with Arbit rar y wav ef o rm and pulse gene ratio n capabili ti es. It can o pe r at e as a s t an d alo n e o r mo d u lar un it w hen u se d with the U 2781A USB m odular instrument chassis .
Ge tt ing Sta rte d 1 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 3 Produ ct at a Glance Product Outlook To p V i e w Bumpers.
4 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Front View Rear View USB i ndica tor Powe r indi cator 10 MH z ref erence conne ctor T rigge r in conne ct or T rigger o ut co nnect or Out p.
Ge tt ing Sta rte d 1 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 5 Prod uct D ime nsi ons Di m ens io n s Wi tho u t B u mp e rs To p V i e w 105.00 mm 175.00 mm 18. 00 m m Front View 25.
6 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Dime ns ions W ith Bump ers To p V i e w 117.00 m m 180.00 mm 15.00 m m Front View 41.00 m m.
Ge tt ing Sta rte d 1 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 7 St andar d Purc ha se I tems V e ri fy t he fo llowi n g i t em s for t h e st an d ard p urch ase of th e U27 61A. If th ere are a n y missi ng or mechan ically d ama ged it em s , c o nt ac t t he n e ar e st A g il e nt Sa l e s Of f ic e.
8 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Inspe ctio n and Ma inte nanc e Initial Insp ection When y ou rece iv e y our U2 7 61A, i nspec t the uni t for a ny obv i ou s d am ag e su ch as b roken ter m ina ls or c ra c ks , den ts , and scratche s on the casing that may occur during shipmen t.
Ge tt ing Sta rte d 1 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 9 Inst alla tion an d C onf ig u ratio n Installation Fol l ow t h e s t ep - by - step instructions sho wn in the f ollo w ing f lo wchart to get st ar ted with the prep arat ion s and in stall at ions of y our U27 61A.
10 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d A. C heck Y our S ystem Prior to any installati on or conf iguration, ple ase ensure t hat y our PC m eet s the f ollo w in g min imum sys tem re qui rem ents .
Ge tt ing Sta rte d 1 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 11 B. Inst all the I O Librar ies Suit e The IO Libr aries Suite 14 .2 or hi gher is ava il able o n the Agi lent Automation - Rea dy CD th a t com es w it h th e s tan da rd purcha se of t he U2761A.
12 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d C. Inst all the M odu le Driv er 1 V e r i f y t h a t y o u r P C m e e t s t h e m i n i m u m s y s t e m req u ir em en t s as s t at e d i n “A. Check Y our System” on page 10 . 2 Ins e r t t h e Pr o duc t Re f er enc e CD - ROM into y o ur CD - RO M drive.
Ge tt ing Sta rte d 1 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 13 6 Click Install to be gin the installa tion. F ollo w the instructio ns on the scre e n to pr oceed with the inst a lla tion . 7 Click Fi nis h whe n the install ation has c o mpl eted. D. Ins tall the Agile nt M easure men t Mana ge r 1 If you h ave d on e “ C.
14 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 6 Click OK t o beg in th e i ns ta llat ion of t he li st ed m issin g pr ereq uis ites. 7 Once the abo ve installa tion h as comp leted, in stallati on of th e Me as u r em en t Ma na ge r s of t wa r e wil l p ro c ee d a s normal .
Ge tt ing Sta rte d 1 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 15 E. Connec t the Module to Y ou r PC 1 After th e installati ons ha ve comp leted, conn ect t he po w e r cord to the A C/DC po wer adapter . The A C/DC po we r adap ter re qui rements are 100 to 240 V A C, 50/60 H z, with an ou tp ut v oltag e of +12 VDC.
16 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 5 Select Inst all the softwar e automatica lly (Re commended) and click Next . 6 A war ning m es sage w il l ap p ear on the Hard wa re In st all ati on wind o w . Clic k Con ti nu e Anyw ay to pro ceed with the inst alla tion of t h e U2761A .
Ge tt ing Sta rte d 1 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 17 7 Click Fi nis h to co mple te the installati o n. NOTE If you do n ot wish to r ece ive s imila r war ning m essag es i n the fu ture, follo w th e in st ru ct ion s b e low. • Go t o Start > C ontr ol Panel a n d do ubl e -c li c k System.
18 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 8 The As si gn US B d e vic e ali as wi n d o w wi ll appe ar . Ea ch t im e the U27 61A is p lugged in, this di alog bo x will appear . T o disabl e th is dia lo g, sele ct th e Never show t his d ialog op tio n in the Show this dialog pane l an d cli ck OK .
Ge tt ing Sta rte d 1 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 19 c Click Ye s to begin the firmware do wnload . The f ollo wing m essage box will appear indica ting t he do wn load in progre ss. d Y our U276 1A is ready f or use once the fir mw are do wn load h as comp let ed .
20 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 3 A con tex t me nu wi ll appe ar as shown be lo w and sele ct Se nd Co m man ds T o T his In st rum ent . 4 The Agi len t In tera c ti ve I O dialo g bo x wil l app ear . Click Send & Read to send the *IDN? default comm a nd.
Ge tt ing Sta rte d 1 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 21 G . La unc h Y ou r Ag il ent Mea sur emen t Ma na ge r 1 Doub l e - cli ck t he M e asu rem en t M ana g e r s of t wa r e ico n on y o ur desktop or go to Start > All Pr ograms > Agilent > Modular Prod ucts > Agilent Mea suremen t Manager to lau nch the software.
22 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 3 The Se lec t U SB D ev ic e dia log box w ill appe ar di spla ying the conne cted U2 7 61A de v ices. To start the a pplicati on, sele ct a U27 61A de vice and cl ick OK t o establ ish the co nnection.
Ge tt ing Sta rte d 1 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 23 55-Pin Backp lane Conne ctor Pin Con figuration The 55 - pin b ackp lane connector i s us ed when t he U27 6 1A modul e is in ser t ed into t he U 2781A USB modul ar instr umen t chas sis. F or more details, ref er to the Agi lent U278 1A USB Modul a r In strument Cha ssis Use r's Guide .
24 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Ch a s si s I ns t al lat i on The L - mount ki t is to be in stalled to y o ur U2 7 6 1A module. The f ol low ing instructions desc ribe the sim ple pr ocedure of inst a llin g th e L - moun t kit and y our mo du le i n the U 27 81 A chas sis.
25 Agilent T echnolo gies Agil ent U276 1A USB Modula r Function Gene r ato r Use r’ s Gu id e 2 Feat ures and F unctions Out p ut Co nf ig u ra ti on 26 Pulse Wavef orm 45 Am plit ud e Mod u la tio.
26 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Out put C onf igur at i on Introduction This section c ontains the inf or mat ion to h elp y ou configure the U27 61A f or output ting w av ef orms.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 27 Funct ion L imita tion I f y o u cha nge t o a func tion whe re the m axi mum f requ ency i s les s than the curren t functio n, the freq u ency wil l be ad ju st ed to th e m ax im u m v alu e for th e new fu nc t ion .
28 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Soft Fro nt Pane l Operati on The fol lowing figure s ho ws the so f t fro nt panel of the U27 61A.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 29 T o select a functio n, clic k any of th e functio ns on th e top pane l as sh o w n b elo w . When a function is select ed, th e button will be illumi nated. Figu re 2- 2 T op panel vi ew of th e U 2761 A Click Arb to outpu t Arbitrary wav ef orm.
30 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Funct ion L imita tion s I f y o u cha nge t o a func tion whe re the m axi mum f requ ency i s les s than the curren t functio n, the freq u ency wil l be ad ju st ed to th e m ax im u m v alu e for th e new fu nc t ion .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 31 Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on FREQuency {<frequency>} Y ou ca n al so use the APPLy com mand to sel ec t the f unct ion, freq uency , am plit ude, and offs et. Outp ut Ampl itude Th e def ault am pli tude is 1 Vpp (i nto 50 Ω ) for all fu n cti on s .
32 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Li mi ts D u e to U nit s Se le cti o n I n some case s, the am plit ude li mits are dete rmined b y the outpu t units selected. Th is ma y occur when the units are V rms or d Bm du e to the dif fe rences in crest factor f or the var iou s ou tp ut fu nc tio n s.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 33 Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on VOLTage {<amplitude>} Or, you can se t t he a mpl it ud e by sp ec i fy ing a hi gh level an d lo w level usi ng t he fo llowing c om man ds.
34 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Soft Front Panel O pera tion On the Offs et pane l as sho w n in Fi gu re 2 - 5 , in p ut the desired o f fset v alue and se lect t he u nit from the drop down list.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 35 Outp ut Unit s Thi s c on figu ra tion a ppl ie s t o ou t pu t amp litu d e only . At po wer - on , the un it s for ou tput a mplit ude are vol ts pea k - to - pe ak. • The output uni t s con sist of V pp, V rms, or d Bm.
36 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Outp ut T ermination This conf i guration appl ies to outp ut ampl itude and off set v olt age o nly. Th e U2761A has a f i xed serie s outp ut im pedance of 50 Ω to the dev ice ou tput c onnector .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 37 Soft Fro nt Pane l Operati on Click T ools and sel ect Wa v e f o r m G e n a s s h ow n i n t h e f o l l ow i n g .
38 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Dut y Cyc le ( Squa re W aves ) The d uty cycl e of a Squ are w av e represe nts t he amo unt of t i m e p e r c y c l e t h a t t h e S q u a r e w a v e i s a t a h i g h l e v e l ( a s s u m i n g t h a t t h e w a v e f o r m i s n o t i n v e r t e d ) .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 39 The d uty c ycl e s etti ng does not appl y to a S quar e wav ef orm u s e d a s t h e m o d u l a t i n g w a v e f o r m f o r A M , F M , o r P M . A 5 0 % d u t y c y c l e i s a l w a y s u s e d f o r a m o d u l a t i n g S q u a r e w a v e f o r m .
40 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Sym me t ry (Ra mp W a ve ) Thi s c on figu rat ion ap pl ies to Ramp wav e on ly . Symmetry re pres ents the amou nt of t ime pe r cy cle that the Ra mp wav e is rising (assu ming that th e wa v ef orm is no t inverted).
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 41 Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on FUNCtion:RAMP:SYMMetry{<percent>} The APPLy command au tomaticall y sets the symmet r y to 100% . Outp ut Control Y ou c an d is a b le o r en ab le t h e so f t f ro nt pa n e l ou tp ut c o n t r o l .
42 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on OUTPut {OFF|ON} The APPLy comm and ove rride s the curre nt setting and automati cally enab l es the outp ut con tro l. S et Ou tp ut Us ing SC PI Co mmand s The fo llo wing SCPI co mmands s ho w a sam p le proce d ure of generating o utput.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 43 E x a m p l e 2 , T o o u t p u t a S i n e w a v e Exa mple 3 , To o ut put a Squa re wave -> *CLS ; *RST // T o reset the U 27 61A to defaul t po wer - on st ate, this co mmand ca n be igno red if this operat ion is no t required.
44 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s E x a m p l e 4 , T o o u t p u t a R a m p w a v e -> *CLS ; *RST // T o r eset the U 27 61A to d efaul t power - o n s t a t e , t h i s c o m m a n d can be ignored if this o p eration is not required.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 45 Pulse W aveform As sho wn belo w , a P u lse wav ef orm consis ts o f a per iod, a pulse w idth, a rising edge, a nd a falling e dge. Figu re 2- 12 Pulse wa vefor m Pu lse P erio d The ra nge o f t h e p uls e p eri o d is fro m 20 0 ns to 20 00 s .
46 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Pu lse Wid th The pulse width repre sents the time from the 50% threshold of t he pulse’s rising edge to the 50% thresh old of th e next fallin g ed ge. • The r ang e of the pu ls e wid th is 40 ns to <20 00 s (s ee restrict ions belo w).
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 47 Pu lse Dut y Cy cl e The pulse dut y cy cle is defined as: Dut y C ycl e = 100 × Puls e Width / P eriod whe re th e pul se width rep rese nts the t ime fro m the 5 0% threshol d of the ri sing edge of the pul se to the 50 % thr esh old of th e n ext falli ng ed ge.
48 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Gen e rate Pu l se W av ef orm Us in g S C PI C om m an ds Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RST // T o r eset the U 27 61A to d efaul t power - o n s t a t e , t h i s c o m m a n d can be ignored if this o p eration is not required.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 49 Ampl itude Modu lation ( AM) A modul ated wa vefo r m cons ists of a c arrier wa vef orm and a m o d u l a t i n g w a v e f o r m . A n e x a m p l e o f t h e A M w a v e f o r m i s sho w n in Fig ure 2- 14 .
50 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Soft Fro nt Pane l Operati on Click Mod and then select AM as s ho wn in Fig u re 2- 15 .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 51 Figu re 2- 16 Pan el view of the Arbit rary wa vefo rm Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou ca n al so use the APPLy com mand to sel ec t the f unct ion, freq uency , am plit ude, and offs et.
52 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Soft Fro nt Pane l Operati on On the Fre qu ency p an el as s h o wn i n Fi g ure 2- 3 , inp ut the desired fre que nc y value and se lect t he un it from t h e drop do wn list.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 53 Modu lating W a vefor m Frequenc y The r ang e o f the modul ating wav eform f req u ency i s 2 mHz to 20 k Hz.
54 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Gene rate AM Using SC PI Command s Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RST // T o r eset the U 27 61A to d efaul t power - o n s t a t e , t h i s c o m m a n d can be ignored if this o p eration is not required.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 55 Fre quency Modu lation (FM) A modul ated wa vefo r m cons ists of a c arrier wa vef orm and a modu lating wa vef orm. B elo w sho ws an exam p le of the FM wa vef o rm. In FM, the fre que ncy of th e car rier i s va ried b y the in st antaneous v oltage of the m odula ting wa vefo r m.
56 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Soft Fro nt Pane l Operati on Click Mod and then se lect FM as sho wn in Fig u re 2- 18 .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 57 Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou ca n al so use the APPLy com mand to sel ec t the f unct ion, freq uency , am plit ude, and offs et. Carrier Freq uency The m aximu m carri er frequ enc y dep ends o n the se lected functi on as sho w n bel ow .
58 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Soft Fro nt Pane l Operati on On the Fre qu ency p an el as s h o wn i n Fi g ure 2- 3 , inp ut the desired fre que nc y value and se lect t he un it from t h e drop do wn list.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 59 Modu lating W a vefor m Frequenc y The r ang e o f the modul ating wav eform f req u ency i s 2 mHz to 20 k Hz.
60 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Soft Fro nt Pane l Operati on On the De viati on pane l as sh o w n i n F igu re 2- 18 , input the desired fre que nc y deviatio n va lue a nd sele ct t he un it from the drop down list.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 61 Phase Modul ati on (P M) A modul ated wa vefo r m cons ists of a c arrier wa vef orm and a mo d ul at i n g w av e fo r m . T h e fo l low i n g f ig u r e sh ow s a n e x a m pl e o f a P M w a v e f o r m .
62 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Soft Fro nt Pane l Operati on Click Mod and then se lect PM as sh own in Fig u re 2- 20 .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 63 Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou ca n al so use the APPLy com mand to sel ec t the f unct ion, freq uency , am plit ude, and offs et. Carrier Freq uency The m aximu m car rier f requ ency dep ends o n the fu nctio n sel ected as shown be low .
64 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Modu lating W ave form The modulatin g wav ef or m consist s of S ine, Squ are, Ram p, N e g a t i v e R a m p ( N r a m p ) , T r i a n g l e , o r A r b i t r a r y w a v e f o r m .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 65 Ph as e De v iat io n The phase dev iat ion sett ing rep res ents the pe ak vari at ion i n phase o f the modulated w a vef orm from the carrier wa v ef orm. Th e phase d ev iati o n setti ng can be se t from 0 to 36 0 ° .
66 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Freq uenc y-Shift K eying (FSK ) M od ulatio n FSK i s simil ar to FM ex cept that the freq u ency a lternates bet wee n two p r ese t v a lue s .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 67 Soft Fro nt Pane l Operati on Click Mod an d se le ct FS K as s ho wn in Fig u re 2- 22 . T o out put th e FSK w a v ef orm, c onfigu re the setti ngs for th e carrier frequency , output a mplitude, offset vo l t a g e, “ h o p f r e q u e nc y ” , a n d F S K r a t e.
68 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou ca n al so use the APPLy com mand to sel ec t the f unct ion, freq uency , am plit ude, and offs et.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 69 FSK “Hop” Frequency The m axim um alt ernate ( o r “h op”) frequ ency d epend s o n the functi on selected as show n bel ow . The de fau lt “h op ” freq uen c y i s 10 0 Hz for a ll f un ct ion s .
70 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s FSK Rat e The F SK r ate is t he rate at which th e out put frequenc y “shifts” be twe e n the carrie r frequ ency and the hop frequency . • The r ang e of the FSK rate is 2 m Hz t o 10 0 kH z.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 71 Phas e-Shi ft K eying (PS K) M od ul ation Ph ase - s h i f t k e y i n g ( P S K ) i s a f o r m o f d i g i t a l m o d u l a t i o n i n which the phase of the carrier signal is discrete l y varied.
72 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Soft Fro nt Pane l Operati on Click Mod and then se lect PS K as s how n in Fig u re 2- 24 . T o output th e PSK w a vef orm, configu re the setti ngs for th e carrier frequency , output a mplitude, offset volt ag e, de v iat i on , an d PS K rat e .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 73 Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou ca n al so use the APPLy com mand to sel ec t the f unct ion, freq uency , am plit ude, and offs et.
74 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s PSK R ate The PSK rate i s the rate at w hich the ou tput phase “shift s” bet wee n two p res e t p ha se s. T h e r an g e o f t he PS K ra te is 2 mH z t o 10 0 k Hz. The def ault PSK r ate value is 10 Hz .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 75 Gene rate PS K M odulat ion Us ing SCP I Comma nds Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RST // To reset th e U27 61A to defa ult p ow e r - on state , thi s command can be igno red if this operat ion is not required.
76 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Am pli tude- Sh ift Ke yin g (AS K) M od ul atio n ASK is a f orm of digital modulation in which the modulating si gnal ap p l y va riati ons in the am plitud e of a carri er si gnal .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 77 Soft Fro nt Pane l Operati on Click Mod an d t h e n s e lec t ASK as sh own in Fig u re 2- 26 . T o output the AS K wav e f orm, configure the setti ngs for th e carrier frequency , output a mplitude, offset volt ag e, an d AS K r a te.
78 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou ca n al so use the APPLy com mand to sel ec t the f unct ion, freq uency , am plit ude, and offs et.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 79 ASK Ra te The ASK rate is the rate at which the output a mpli tude “s hi ft s ” b et wee n two p res e t am pli tu d es . T he r a ng e of t h e AS K ra t e i s 2 m Hz to 10 0 kH z. The def ault ASK ra te value is 10 H z .
80 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Freq uenc y Sw ee p I n the f requ ency sw eep mod e, the U 2 7 61A “ step s” fr om the start frequency to t he stop fre quency at a sw ee p rate which y o u s p e c i f y .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 81 Figu re 2- 28 Pan el view of swee p Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on SWEep:STATe {OFF|ON} Start Frequency and Stop Freq uency The st ar t f requ ency and stop frequen cy set th e upp er a nd lo we r f requ ency bo unds for th e s wee p .
82 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on FREQuency:STARt {<frequency>} FREQuency:STOP {<frequency>} Sw ee p Mo d e Y ou c an sw eep wit h eith er l ine ar or l og arith mic spaci ng.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 83 Soft Fro nt Pane l Operati on On th e Sw eep Time pa nel as show n in Figur e 2- 28 , i np u t the desi red swe ep time a n d select t he un it fro m the drop do wn list.
84 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s T o specify whether the U 27 61A is triggered on the risin g or f a l l i n g e d g e o f t h e s i g n a l f r o m t h e T r i g I n c o n n e c t o r , s e l e c t Positive for ris ing edge triggering and Negative f or falling edge triggering.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 85 T r iggeri ng Applies to swe ep only . Y ou can issue triggers f o r swee ps usin g Inte r n a l (immediate) t rigger ing, Ex t e r n a l trigge ring, or Man ual (s o f tw ar e) trigge ring. • Int e r n a l t r i g g e r i n g i s e n a b l e d w h e n y o u t u r n o n t h e U27 61A.
86 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on TRIGger:SOURce {IMMediate|EXTernal|BUS} In te rn al T r ig ge ri n g In the Internal t rigg er mode, the U27 61A continu ously perf orms freq uency sweep ( as spec ified by t he sw e ep tim e) .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 87 Remo te I nter fac e Oper a ti on TRIGger:SOURce BUS When t he BUS s ource is selected, s end the TRIG or *TRG command to trigg er the U27 61A. Exte rnal T r igger ing In the External trig ger mode, t he U27 61A acc epts a har dware trigg er ap plied to the d evice Trig I n conne ctor .
88 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s T rig ge r Inp u t Si gnal Figu re 2- 29 T rigg er inpu t puls e The de vice co nnector is used f or Trigge red Swe ep Mode, refer to “Sweep T rigger S ource” on pa ge 83.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 89 When t h e In te r n al ( immediate) trigger sour ce is selected, the U27 61A outputs a Square wav e f orm with a 50% d uty cyc l e to the Tr ig Ou t c onne ctor at t he beginn ing of the s wee p .
90 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s Set T r ig ge ri n g U si ng S CP I Co m m ands Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RST // To reset the U27 61A to de fa ul t po w e r - on st a te , this comm and can be ignored if this operation is not require d.
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 91 Arb itrar y W ave form s Ther e ar e three bui lt - in A r b it r a r y w av e fo r ms o f fer e d .
92 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s 1 Select th e Arbitrar y w ave form func tion. Click Arb t o sele ct the Arb itrary functio n. 2 Set t he wavef or m period . Select Peri od and u se the num eric ke ypad or num eri c dr op do wn to set t he pe r i od f or th e waveform .
Featur es a nd Functi ons 2 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 93 6 St ar t wavef or m editing pro cess. Click to begin the freehan d dra w m ode or to ena b le l ine dr aw m od e. To en ab le o r di s a bl e th e g r id re fe renc e, clic k . Then , start dra wing the d esi red wave form .
94 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 2F e a t u r e s a n d F u n c t i o n s.
95 Agilent T echnolo gies Ag il ent U27 6 1A US B Mo du la r F unct ion Ge ne rato r Use r’ s Gu id e 3 Charac teristi cs an d Speci fication s Prod uct Ch arac te risti cs 96 Pro duct Spec ific ati ons a nd Char act eri s tic s 97 This chapter specifies the characte ristics , envir onmental conditio ns, and sp ecifications o f the U27 61A.
96 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 3 Cha r act erist ics a nd S pecifi cations Produ ct Ch aract eri stics RE MOTE I NT ERFA CE • Hi-Spe ed USB 2.0 • US BTM C 488 .
Characteris t ics and Specif icati ons 3 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 97 Prod uc t Spec if ica tio ns an d Ch ar acte ris tic s WAVE F O R M S Standar d Si ne, Squ are, Ra mp, T ria ngle, P ulse, D C B.
98 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 3 Cha r act erist ics a nd S pecifi cations Ra mp , T r ia n gl e Fre quency range 1 μ Hz to 2 00 k Hz (1 μ Hz re solut ion) Linea rity <0.
Characteris t ics and Specif icati ons 3 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 99 COM MO N CHA RAC TERI ST ICS Amplitude Ran ge 40 m Vpp to 5 Vpp ( In to 50 Ω lo ad) 80 mV pp to 10 V pp (In t o open c i rcu it.
100 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 3 Cha r act erist ics a nd S pecifi cations MODULA T ION AM Ca rr ier w av e for m s Si ne , Sq u ar e, R a m p, A rb i tra ry Sou rce Inter nal Interna l mod ulation Si ne, Squ are, Ra mp, A rbi trary (2 mH z to 20 k Hz) Depth 0.
Characteris t ics and Specif icati ons 3 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 101 1 A dd 1/10 th o f o ut put am pl it ud e an d of fs et sp ec ific at ion p e r ° C fo r oper atio n outsi de the ran ge of 18 ° C to 28 °C. 2 DC off set se t to 0 V . 3 Spur ious o ut put at low am pl itu de is –7 0 d Bm , ty pic al.
102 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 3 Cha r act erist ics a nd S pecifi cations.
U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de 103 Inde x A ac cu ra cy 99 Agilent Auto mat ion R ead y-CD 7, 10, 11 Con nec tio n E xper t 1 9 IO Libraries Su ite 14.2 1 0 Me a sur em ent M an a ger 10, 15 , 21, 91 Sal.
104 U2 761 A U ser’ s G ui de L limits am plit ude 27, 33 dut y cy cle 30 fr e q uen cy 38 fu nct ion 27 , 30 offset voltag e 31 output termination 31 units s electi on 32 L-Mou nt ki t 7, 24 O off s et. Ref er to D C off se t. outl ook, p ro duct. Re fer t o pro du ct, ou tloo k.
www .agilent.com © A gilen t T echnolo gi es, Inc ., 200 8 Fir st E dit io n, A pril 30 , 20 08 U2 76 1-90 0 0 0 Conta ct us T o obt a in s ervic e, war ra nty o r te chn ica l sup p ort as si sta nc.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Agilent Technologies U2761A è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Agilent Technologies U2761A - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Agilent Technologies U2761A imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Agilent Technologies U2761A ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Agilent Technologies U2761A, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Agilent Technologies U2761A.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Agilent Technologies U2761A. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Agilent Technologies U2761A insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
