Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto E8267D PSG del fabbricante Agilent Technologies
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User’ s Guide A gilent T echnologies E8257D/ 67D PS G Sign al Gener ators This guide appl ies to the follo wing signal gener ator models: E8257D PSG Analog Signal Ge nerator E8267D PSG V ector Signa.
ii Notice The material in this document is pro vided “as is,” and is subjec t t o change w it hout n otice in futu re editions. Fur ther , to t he maximum extent per mitted by applicable law , Agi.
Contents iii 1. Signal Generator Overv iew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Signal Generator Models an d Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents iv 26. Contras t Decrease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 27. Contras t Increase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents v 17. 10 MHz EFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 18. ALC HOLD (Serial Prefixes >=US4722/MY4722) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents vi Applying a Modulation Format to the RF Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Using Data S torage Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents vii 3. Controll ing Markers in a W aveform Sequence (Dual ARB Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 V iewing a Marker Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents viii Analog Modulation W aveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Configuring AM (Option UNT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents ix T o Restore the Defau lt Symbol Rate (Cus tom Real T ime I/Q Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 W o rking with Modulation T ypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents x T o Edit the Multitone Setup T able . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 8 8 T o Minimize Carrier Feedthrou gh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents xi Cannot T u rn Off Sweep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 4 8 Incorrect List Sweep Dwell T ime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents xii.
xiii Documentation Overview Installation Guide • S afe t y In fo r m a ti on • Getting Started • Operatio n V erificat ion • Regulatory Inf ormation User’s Guide • Signal Generator Overvie.
xiv Serv ice Guide • Troubleshooting • Replaceable Parts • Assembly Replacement • Post- Repair Procedur es • S afe t y an d R eg u la t o r y I n for ma ti o n Ke y R e fer en ce • Key fun.
Chapter 1 1 1 Signal Generator Overvi ew In the f ollo wing sectio ns, this c hapter descri bes the mode ls, opti ons, and featu res a vailabl e f or Agilent E8257D/67D PSG signal generat ors. The modes of operation, front panel user inter face, and front and rear panel connectors are also described.
2 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Signal Generator Models and Fea tures E8257D P SG Analog Signal Gener ator Features The E8257D PSG includes the follo wing st andard features: • CW output f rom 250 kHz to the highest oper ating frequen cy , depen ding on the option • frequ ency reso lutio n to 0 .
Chapter 1 3 Signal Generator O verview Signal Generator Models and Features require an ext ernal trigger source • adjustable pulse rat e • adjustable pulse period • adjustable pulse width (150 n.
4 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Options Opt ions PSG signal generat ors have hardware, fir m ware, sof twar e, and docum ent ation o ptions. The Da ta Sheet s h i p p e d w i t h y o u r s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r p r o v i d e s a n o v e r v i e w o f a v a i l a b l e o p t i o n s .
Chapter 1 5 Signal Generator O verview Modes of Ope ratio n NOTE If t he PS G’ s dyna mic hos t conf igura tion p rot oco l (DH CP) i s enab le d, t he net work assi gns th e instrument an IP address at pow er on. Because of this, when DHCP is enabled, the IP address ma y be different each time y ou turn on th e instrument.
6 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Modes of Oper ation Digita l Modu latio n In this mode, th e signal generat or modulates a CW signal wit h either a real- time I/Q signal or arbitrar y I/Q wavef o rm. I/Q modulation is only available on the E8267D.
Chapter 1 7 Signal Generator O verview Fron t Pan el Front Panel This section descr ibes each item on the PSG front panel. Fi gu re 1- 1 sho ws an E8267D fro nt panel, which includes all items a vailable on the E8257D as well . Figure 1- 1 Stand ard E8267D Fr ont Panel D iagram 1.
8 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 1. Display The LCD screen pro vides inf ormat ion on the current func tion. Inf orm ation can include status indicators, frequency and amplitude settings, and error messages. Softkeys labels are located on the right- hand side of t he display.
Chapter 1 9 Signal Generator O verview Fron t Pan el 8. T rigger This k ey initiates an immediate trigger event f or a function such as a list, step, or ramp sweep (Option 007 only). Before t his hardk ey can be used to initiate a trigger even t, th e trigger mode must be set to Trigger K ey .
10 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 12. EXT 2 INPUT This f emale BN C input connector (fun ctional onl y with Option s UNT , UNU, or UNW) acce pts a ± 1V p signal fo r AM, FM, and Φ M. Wit h AM, FM, or Φ M, ± 1V p produces t he indicated dev iation or depth.
Chapter 1 11 Signal Generator O verview Fron t Pan el 18. RF OUTPU T T h i s c o n n e c t o r o u t p u t s R F a n d m i c r o w a v e s i g n a l s . T h e n o m i n a l o u t p u t i m p e d a n c e i s 5 0 o h m s . T h e r e v e r s e - p o w e r d a m a g e l e v e l s a r e 0 V d c , 0 .
12 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 25. Retu rn Pressing this hardk ey d isplays the previous softk ey menu. It enables y ou to step back through the menus until y ou reach the first menu you selec t ed. 26. Contrast Decrease Pressing this hardke y causes the displa y backg round to darken .
Chapter 1 13 Signal Generator O verview Fron t Pan el • W h e n t h e S Y M B O L S Y N C i t s e l f i s u s e d a s t h e ( s y m b o l ) c l o c k , t h e C M O S f a l l i n g e d g e i s u s e d t o clock the D AT A signal. On sig nal gen erators with O ption 1E M, this conn ector is located on the rear pane l.
14 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display Front Panel Display Figure 1- 2 sho ws the various reg ions of the PSG disp la y. This section d escribes each region. Figure 1- 2 Front Pan el Display Diagra m 1. Activ e Entr y Area 5. Ampli tude Area 2.
Chapter 1 15 Signal Generator O verview Front Panel Display 1. Active En try Area The current active function is sho wn in this area. For example, if frequency is the active function, the current freq uency setting will be displa yed here. If the current active function has an increment value associated with it, th at value is also displa yed.
16 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display EXT REF This annunciator appears when an ext ernal frequen cy reference is applied. FM This annunciator (Option UNT only) appears when frequency modulation is turned on. If phase modulation is turned on, the Φ M annunciator will replace FM .
Chapter 1 17 Signal Generator O verview Front Panel Display UNLEVEL This annunciator appear s when the signal genera tor is unable t o maintain the cor rect o utput level. Th e UNLEVEL annunciator is not necessarily an indication of instrument failure.
18 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l Rear Panel This section describes each item on the PSG rear panel. F our consecutive dra wings sho w the standard and Option 1EM rear panels for the E8267D an d the E825 7D. (Option 1EM mo ves all front pane l connector s to the real p anel.
Chapter 1 19 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l Figure 1-4 E 8267D Option 1EM Rear Panel 1. EV ENT 1 16. GP IB 31. R F OUT 2. EV ENT 2 17 . 10 MHz EF C 32. E XT 1 3. P ATTERN TRI G IN 18. A LC HOL D (Se ria l Pref ixes >= US472 2/MY 4722) 33. E XT 2 4.
20 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l Figure 1- 5 Standard E8257D Rear P anel 5 . AU X I LI A RY I / O 1 9 . AU X I LI A R Y I N T ER FACE 2 5. Z- A X I S BL A N K / M K R S 12. COH CARRIER 20. 10 MHz IN 26. SWEEP OUT 15. AC P o wer Receptacle 21.
Chapter 1 21 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l Figure 1-6 E 8257D Option 1EM Rear Panel 5. A UXIL IARY I/O 22. 1 0 MHz OUT 33. EX T 2 12. COH CARRIER 23. STOP SWEEP IN /OUT 34. PULSE SYNC OUT 15. AC P o wer Rece pta cle 25. Z- AXIS BL ANK/MKRS 35.
22 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l 1. EVENT 1 This fem ale BNC connector is used with an intern al baseband generat or (Option 6 01/602). On signal gener ators without Option 601/602 , this f emale BN C conn ector is no n- func tional.
Chapter 1 23 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l 5. AUXILIARY I/O T h i s f e m a l e 3 7 -p i n c o n n e c t o r i s a c t i v e o n l y o n i n s t r u m e n t s w i t h a n i n t e r n a l b a s e b a n d g e n e r a t o r (Optio n 601/60 2); on signal gener ato rs wit hou t Opt ion 60 1/602, t his conne ctor is no n- functi onal .
24 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l 6. DIGIT AL BU S This is a pr opriet ar y bus used fo r Agilent Baseba nd Studio products, which require an E8267D with Options 003/004 an d 601/602. This connecto r is not operat ional for general- purpose customer use.
Chapter 1 25 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l 10. I-b ar OU T T h i s f e m a l e B N C c o n n e c t o r ( E 8 2 6 7 D o n l y ) i s u s e d w i t h a n i n t e r n a l b a s e b a n d g e n e r a t o r (Option 601/602) t o output the complement of the analog, in- phase com ponent of I/Q modulation.
26 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l 14. Q-ba r OUT T h i s f e m a l e B N C c o n n e c t o r ( E 8 2 6 7 D o n l y ) c a n b e u s e d w i t h a n i n t e r n a l b a s e b a n d g e n e r a t o r (Option 601/602) t o output th e complement of the analog, quadrature- phase component of I/Q m o d u l a t i o n .
Chapter 1 27 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l 19. AUXILIAR Y INTERFACE This 9- pin D- subminiat ure fem ale connector is an RS- 232 s erial por t t hat can be used for serial communication and Master/Slav e source syn chronization. Figure 1-8 20.
28 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l 22. 10 MHz O UT This f emale BNC connector outputs a nominal signal le vel of > + 4 dBm and has an output im pedance of 50 ohms.
Chapter 1 29 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l 27. TRIGGER OUT This fe male BNC connector , in st ep/list sweep mode, outputs a TTL signal t hat is high at the st ar t of a dw ell sequence or when waiting for a point trigger in manual sweep m ode.
30 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l 33. EXT 2 This f emale BN C input connector (fun ctional onl y with Option s UNT , UNU, or UNW) acce pts a ± 1V p signal fo r AM, FM, and Φ M. Wit h AM, FM, or Φ M, ± 1V p produces t he indicated dev iation or depth.
Chapter 1 31 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l 39. I IN This fem ale BNC input connector (E8267D only) accepts th e in- phase (I) component an externally supplied, analog, I/Q modulation. The quadrature- phase (Q) compo nent is supplied t hrough the Q IN connector .
32 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l 43. LF OUT This fema le BNC outpu t co nnec to r (fu nctio nal only wi t h Opt ion UN T) ou tpu ts mod ula tion sig nals g e n e r a t e d b y t h e l o w f r e q u e n c y ( L F ) s o u r c e f u n c t i o n g e n e r a t o r .
Chapter 2 33 2 Basic Operation In the follo wing sections, this chapte r describes operations common to all Agilent PSG signal generat ors: • “Using Table Editors” on page 34 • “Configuring .
34 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using T able Editors Using T able Editors Table editors sim plify configuration tasks, such as creating a list sweep. This section pr ovides information to familiarize you with basic table edit or functionality using the List Mode V alues table editor as an example.
Chapter 2 35 Basic Operation Using T a ble Editors Ta b l e E d i t o r S o f t k e y s The fo llowing table editor sof tk eys are used to load, navigate, modify , and store t able item values.
36 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Configuring the RF Output This section pro vides information on how to create continuous wave and sw ept RF ( page 38 ) out put s.
Chapter 2 37 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 8. Use the knob t o adjust th e frequency b ack to 700 MHz. Setti ng the Freq uency Refere nce and Frequency O ffset The fo llowing pr ocedure sets t he RF output frequency as a reference frequency to which all other frequency settings are relative.
38 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 3. Change th e amplitude to − 20 dBm : Press Am plitud e > − 20 > dB m . The new out put po wer displa ys in the AMPLITUDE area of the display and in the active entry area. U ntil you press a different front panel function k ey , amplitude remains the active function.
Chapter 2 39 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output NOTE List sweep d at a cannot be sa ved within an inst r ument state, but can b e s a v e d t o t h e memor y catalog. For instructions on saving list sw eep data, see “Storing Files to the Memory Catalo g” on page 56 .
40 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output T o Configur e a Sing le Ste p Sweep In this procedure, you create a st ep sweep with nine, equally- spaced po ints, and the follo wing paramet ers: • frequency range f rom 500 MHz to 600 M Hz •a m p l i t u d e f r o m − 20 dBm to 0 dBm • dwell time 50 0 ms at eac h poin t 1.
Chapter 2 41 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output T o Configure a Continu ous Step Sweep Press Sweep Repe at Single C ont . This toggles t he sweep from single to continuous. A continuous repetition of the frequencies and amplitudes con f igured in th e step sweep are no w available at the RF OUTPUT connector .
42 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 3. Use the ar ro w ke ys to highlig ht the dwell time in ro w 1. 4. Press Edit Item . The dw ell time for point 1 becomes the activ e function. 5. Press 100 > msec . This enters 100 ms as the new dwell time value f o r ro w 1.
Chapter 2 43 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 5. Press the T rigger ha rdk ey . The signal generator will sing le sweep the points in your list and the SWEEP annunci ator will be activated during the sweep. T o Configure a Continu ous Lis t Swee p Press Sweep Repe at Single C ont .
44 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2- 2 Equ ipment Setup 2. Turn on b oth the 8757D an d the PSG. 3. On th e 8757 D, press System > Mor e > Sweep Mode and v erify t hat th e SYSINTF softk ey is set to ON. This ensures that the system inter face mode is activated on t he 8757D.
Chapter 2 45 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output NOTE During swept RF output, the FREQUENCY and/or AMPLITUDE areas of t he signal generat or’s display are deact ivat ed, depending on what is being swept . In t his case, since frequency is being swept, nothing appears in the FREQUENCY area o f the display.
46 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2- 3 Band pass Filter Res ponse on 8757D Using Markers 1. Press Markers . This opens a table editor and asso ciate d mark er control softk eys. Y ou can use up to 10 different mark ers, labeled 0 through 9.
Chapter 2 47 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 4 . M o v e t h e c u r s o r b a c k t o m a r k e r 0 a n d p r e s s Delta Ref Set > Marke r Del ta Of f On to O n. In the t able editor , notice that t he frequency values for each marker are no w relative to marker 0.
48 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2- 5 Del ta Marker s on 8757D 6. Press T urn Off Markers . All ac tive markers turn of f. R efer to t he E8 257D /67D PS G Si gnal Ge nerators K ey Re ference fo r inform ation on ot h er marker s of tkey functi ons.
Chapter 2 49 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 4. Press Sweep T ime to A ut o. The sw eep time returns to its fastest allow able setting. NOTE When using an 8757 network anal yzer in manual sw eep mode, you must activate the signal generat or’s Manual Freq so ftkey bef ore using the front panel knob to control t he sweep.
50 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2- 6 Altern ating Sweep s on 8757D Conf igurin g an Am plitude Sweep 1. Press Return > Sw eep > Off . This turns off bo th the cur rent sweep and the alternate sweep from the previous t ask.
Chapter 2 51 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 1. Set up the equipment as sho wn in Figure 2- 7 . Use a 9- pin, D- subminiature, male RS- 232 cable with the pin configurati on sho wn in Figur e 2- 8 on pag e 52 to connect the auxiliar y inter faces of the two PSGs.
52 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2- 7 Master/Sl ave Equipm ent Setup Figure 2- 8 RS-232 Pi n Configuration.
Chapter 2 53 Basic Operation Modulating a Sig nal Extending th e Frequency Range Y o u can extend the sign al generator freq uency range using an Agilen t 83550 series millimeter - wav e source module or other manufacturer’s mm- source module.
54 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Modulating a Signal Figure 2- 9 Example of AM Modulation F ormat Off and On Applyi ng a Modulat ion Format to the RF Output The carrier signal is modulated when t he Mo d On/O f f ke y is set to O n, and a n individual mo dulation f or mat is active.
Chapter 2 55 Basic Operation Usin g D ata S tora ge Fun ctio ns Figure 2- 10 Carrier Sig nal Modulation S tatus Using Data Storage Functions This section explains ho w to use the two f orms of signal generat or data storage: t he memor y cat alog and the instrument state register .
56 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Data Storage Fu nctions Storing F iles to the Memory Cat alog T o store a f ile to t he memor y cat alog, fir st create a f ile. For this example, use the default list sweep tab le . 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Sweep/List > Co nfigur e List Sweep > More (1 of 2) > Load/Store .
Chapter 2 57 Basic Operation Usin g D ata S tora ge Fun ctio ns Viewing Stored File s in the Memory Catalog 1. Press Utility > Memo ry Ca talo g > Catalog T ype . All files in th e memory cat alog are listed in alphabetical order , r egardless o f which cat alog type you select.
58 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Data Storage Fu nctions 2. Press Save > Select Seq . The sequence number becomes the active function. The signal generato r displays the last sequence used. Using the ar ro w keys , set th e sequence to 1. 3. Press Select Reg .
Chapter 2 59 Basic Operation Us ing Se cur ity Fun cti ons 4. Press Select Reg an d enter the regi ster number you want to delete. Not i c e t hat t h e Delete S eq[n] Reg[nn ] should be loaded with the sequence and regist er you want to delete. 5. Press Delete S eq[n] Reg[ nn] .
60 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Security F unctions section also hav e an equivalent SCPI command for remote operation. (Refer to the “ System Commands” chapter of the E8 257D/6 7D PS G Signa l Gene rators SCP I Com mand Reference fo r mo re information.
Chapter 2 61 Basic Operation Us ing Se cur ity Fun cti ons Batt er y Backed Memory (SRAM) 512 kB Y es Y es user- edit able data (t ab le edi to rs ) last instr ument st ate, last instr ument st ate ba.
62 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Security F unctions BBG Fir mw ar e Memory (Flash) 32 MB No Y es f irmware image for baseband generat or firmwa re upgra de Coprocesso r Memory (SRAM) 32 MB Ye s N o.
Chapter 2 63 Basic Operation Us ing Se cur ity Fun cti ons Removing Sensitiv e Data f rom PSG Memory When mo ving the PSG from a secur e dev elopment enviro nment, y ou can remo ve an y classif ied propr ieta r y info r mation stored in the instrument.
64 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Security F unctions Confirm Sanit ize . Removi ng Pers istent State I nform ation N ot Remov ed Dur ing Eras e Persist ent Sta te The pe rs ist ent s t ate set ting .
Chapter 2 65 Basic Operation Us ing Se cur ity Fun cti ons Activati ng the Secure Mode CAUTION Once yo u activate secure mode (by pr essing Confirm) , you c annot d eactivate or decrease the security level; the erasure actions for that security lev el execute at the next po wer cyc le.
66 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Enabling Options Using the Se cure Di splay This function prev ents unauthorized personnel from reading t he instr ument display and t ampering wi th the cu rre nt co n fig ura t ion thr oug h the fr ont pa ne l.
Chapter 2 67 Basic Operation Using the Web Server 2. V erify th at the host ID shown on the displa y match es the host ID on the li cense ke y certif icate. The host ID is a unique number for ev er y instrument. If t he host ID on the license key c er tif icate does not match your instrument, the license key cann ot enable t he sof tware option.
68 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Usin g the W eb Serv er The W eb- Enabled PSG w eb page, shown in Fi gur e 2 - 12 , pro vides general in f orm ation on your signal generator and a mean s to control the instr ument by using a remote front- panel inter face or using SCPI (Standard Communication f or Programmable Instruments) commands.
Chapter 2 69 Basic Operation Using the Web Server Figure 2- 12 S ignal Generator W eb Page.
70 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Usin g the W eb Serv er 7 . Click the Signal G enerator W e b Contr ol menu button on the le ft of the page. A ne w w eb page will be displa yed as sho wn below in Fig ure 2 - 1 3 . Figure 2- 13 W eb Page Front Pa nel This we b page remotely accesses all signal generat or functions and operations.
Chapter 3 71 3 Basic Digital Operation This chapter prov ides information on th e functions and features available f or th e E8267D PSG vector sign al gene rator with Opt ion 60 1 or 602 .
72 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Arbi trary (ARB) W aveform Fil e Headers Custom A rb W aveform Generator The signal generator’ s Arb W avef or m Generator mode is designed for out- of- channel test applications .
Chapter 3 73 Basic Digital Operation Arbit rary (A RB) Wavef orm Fi le Hea de rs Marker settings and routing functions ( page 88 ) —P o l a r i t y —A L C h o l d —R F b l a n k i n g • High c.
74 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Arbi trary (ARB) W aveform Fil e Headers the active modulation, y ou must mo dify t he default settings before y ou sa ve the header in f or ma tio n wi th the w av ef orm fi le (s ee “Modifying Header Information in a Modulation F orm at” on pa ge 7 4 ).
Chapter 3 75 Basic Digital Operation Arbit rary (A RB) Wavef orm Fi le Hea de rs Figure 3-2 Custom Dig ital Modula tion Def ault Header Di splay 2. Sa ve the information in th e Current Inst. Settings colum n to the file head er: Press Save Setup T o Header .
76 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Arbi trary (ARB) W aveform Fil e Headers 3. Return t o the ARB Setup menu: Press Return . In the A RB Setup m enu (sho wn in Fi gur e 3 - 3 ), you c an change t he current instrument settings. Figure 3- 3 also sho ws the softke y paths used in steps f our through n ine.
Chapter 3 77 Basic Digital Operation Arbit rary (A RB) Wavef orm Fi le Hea de rs Figure 3-3 A RB Setup Softkey Menu and Marker Utilities Dual ARB P layer softkey (it does not appear in the ARB formats.
78 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Arbi trary (ARB) W aveform Fil e Headers Figure 3- 4 Differing V alues b etween Header a nd Current Se tting Columns Figure 3- 5 Saved Fi le Header Changes V alues.
Chapter 3 79 Basic Digital Operation Arbit rary (A RB) Wavef orm Fi le Hea de rs Storing Header Information for a Dual A RB Player W ave form Sequence When you create a wav efo r m sequence (described.
80 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Arbi trary (ARB) W aveform Fil e Headers Viewing H eader Inform ation with th e Dual ARB Pl ayer Off One of the differences between a modulat ion format and the dual ARB play er is t hat even when the d u a l A R B p l a y e r i s o f f , y o u c a n v i e w a f i l e h e a d e r .
Chapter 3 81 Basic Digital Operation Arbit rary (A RB) Wavef orm Fi le Hea de rs Vi ewing Header In formation for a Different W aveform File While a wav eform is playin g in t he dual ARB play er , yo.
82 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Arbi trary (ARB) W aveform Fil e Headers Playing a W aveform File that Contains a Header After a wa vefo r m file (A UTOGEN_W A VEFORM) is generated in a modulation f orm at and the format is turned off, th e file becomes accessible to and can o nly be pla yed bac k by the dual ARB pla y er .
Chapter 3 83 Basic Digital Operation Usi ng the D ual ARB Wavefo rm Playe r Using t he Dual ARB W aveform Player The dual arbitrary (ARB) wave form play er is used to create, edit, and play wavef or m fi les. There are tw o types of wa vef or m files: segmen ts and seq uences.
84 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player Creating Waveform S egments There are tw o ways to pro vide wavef orm segments for use b y the wavef orm sequencer . Y ou can eit her do wnload a wav eform via the remote inter face, or generate a wavef orm using one of the ARB modulation f orm ats.
Chapter 3 85 Basic Digital Operation Usi ng the D ual ARB Wavefo rm Playe r 2. Create the first wa vef orm segm ent: a. Press Mod e > Dual ARB > Wa v e f o r m S e g m e n ts > Load Store to S to re. b. High light the defaul t segme nt AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM .
86 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player Playing a W aveform This procedure applies to pla ying eit her a wav eform segment or a wav efo r m sequence. This exam ple plays the wav eform sequence created in the previous procedure.
Chapter 3 87 Basic Digital Operation Usi ng the D ual ARB Wavefo rm Playe r Bandwi dth soft ke y sets the bandwidth ov er which th e noise is integrated and t he Nois e Band width Fa ctor softkey allo w s you to select a f lat noise bandwidth. These sof tk eys are descri bed in t he E8257D/ 67D PSG Sig nal Ge nera tors K ey Ref erenc e .
88 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Load ing Wavef orm Segm ent s fro m N on-vola til e Mem ory 1. Clear out t he vo latile memor y and delete all WFM1 files: Po w er cycle the instrument. 2. Press Mode > Dual ARB > Wa v e f o r m Se gm e n t s .
Chapter 3 89 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers • “Usi ng t he RF B lank ing M arker F unct ion” o n pa ge 100 • “Setting Marker P olarit y” on page 1 02 W avefo rm M arker Conc epts The signal genera tor’s ARB formats pro vide four wav efo r m mark ers to mark specific points on a w a v e f o r m s e g m e n t .
90 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Saving Ma rker Polarit y and Rout ing Sett ings Marker polarity and routing settings remain until you reconfigure t hem, preset the signal gen erator , or cyc le the PSG pow er .
Chapter 3 91 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Close-up of averaging The ALC samples the waveform when the marker signal goes hi gh, and uses the averag e of the sampled wavefo rm to set the ALC c ir cui t ry . Here the ALC samples during the on marker points (positive polarity).
92 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Accessi ng Marker Utili ties Use the follo wing procedure to display the mark er parameter s. This procedure uses the Dual ARB pla yer , but you can access the marker utilities through the ARB Setup softkey in all ARB f or mats.
Chapter 3 93 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers NOTE Most of the procedures in th is section begin at the Ma rker Utilitie s softke y menu.
94 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers 1. C leari ng M arker Po ints from a Waveform Segme nt When you set ma rker points they do no t replac e poin ts th at alr eady ex ist, but a re set in addi ti on to existing points.
Chapter 3 95 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers 4. F or t he selected marker number , remo ve all marker points in the selected segment: Press Set Marke r Off All Point s . 5. Repeat from Step 3 for any remaining marker points that you want to remov e.
96 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers 3. Highlight th e desired marker number: Press Marker 1 2 3 4 4. Set the f irst sample point in the range (in t his example, 10): Press Set Marker On Range Of P oints > First Mkr Point > 10 > Ent er .
Chapter 3 97 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers 1. Remove an y existing mark er points ( page 94 ). 2. In th e Marker Ut ilities menu ( page 92 ), press Set Markers . 3. High light the desi red wa ve fo rm segme nt. In ARB form ats t her e is only one f il e (AUTOGEN_ W A V EF ORM) a nd it is a lread y h ighlig ht ed.
98 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers 2. T ogg le the markers as desired: a. Highlig ht the first wav ef orm seg ment. b. Press En able/D isable M arkers . c. As desir ed, press To g g l e M a r k e r 1 , To g g l e M a r k e r 2 , To g g l e M a r k e r 3 , and To g g l e M a r k e r 4 .
Chapter 3 99 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Vie w i ng a M a r ke r P u ls e When a wavef orm plays ( page 86 ), you can detect a set and enabled marker’s puls e at t he rear panel ev ent connector th at corresponds to t hat marker number .
100 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Using the RF Blanking Mar ker Func tion While you can set a marker function (described as Marker Routing on the sof tk ey label) either before or after sett ing the mar ker points ( page 95 ), setting a mark er f unction bef ore y ou set mark er po ints ma y change the RF output.
Chapter 3 101 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Marker Polarity = Positive When marker polarity is positive ( the default setting), the RF output is blanked during the off maker points.
102 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation T riggering Waveforms Settin g Ma rker P olarit y Sett ing a nega tive ma rker pola rity inver ts th e marker signa l. 1. In th e Marker Ut ilities menu ( page 92 ), press Marker Polarity . 2. Select the marker polarity as desired for each mark er number .
Chapter 3 103 Basic Digital Operation T riggering Waveforms • Pol a ri t y det ermines t he stat e of the trigger t o which the wavef orm responds (used only with an external trigger source); y ou can set either negative, or positive.
104 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation T riggering Waveforms • Segmen t Advance (Dual ARB only) causes a segment in a sequence to requir e a trigger to play. The trigger sour ce c o n t r o l s h o w p l a y m o v e s f r o m s e g m e n t t o s e g m e n t ( e x a m p l e o n page 107 ).
Chapter 3 105 Basic Digital Operation T riggering Waveforms Setting t he Polarit y of an Exte rnal T rigger Gated Mode The selections available with t he gat e active parameter r ef er t o th e lo w and hi gh st ates of an ext ernal trigger signal. For exam ple, when yo u select High, t he active state occurs during the hi gh of the trigger signal.
106 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation T riggering Waveforms 3. Configure the car rier signal output: • Set the desired frequency. • Set the desired amplitude. • Turn on the RF output . 4. Select a wavef orm for pla yback (sequence or segment): a.
Chapter 3 107 Basic Digital Operation T riggering Waveforms NOTE In the real- time Cust om mode, the behavior is rev ersed: when the gat ing signal is high , you see the modulated wav eform. Using Segment Advance T rigge ring Segment advance triggering enables you to control the segment playback within a w av eform sequence.
108 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping 5. Generat e t he wavefo r m seque nce: Press Return > Ret urn > ARB Off On to On . 6. Trigger the first wa v eform se gment to b egin pl ay ing rep eatedly : Press the T rigger har dk ey.
Chapter 3 109 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping Figu re 3- 10 M ultip le Ch anne l Sum ming The I and Q wa vef orms combine in t he I/Q modulator to create an RF wav eform. The magnitude of the RF envelope is determined by the equation , where the squaring of I and Q always results in a positive value.
110 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping Figure 3-11 Combining the I a nd Q W aveforms How Peaks Cause S pectral Regrowth Because of the relativ e infrequen cy of high po wer peaks, a wa ve form will ha ve a high peak - to- averag e po wer ratio (see Fig ur e 3 - 1 2 ).
Chapter 3 111 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping Figure 3- 12 Peak-to- Average Po wer S p e c t r a l r e g r o w t h i s a r a n g e o f f r e q u e n c i e s t h a t d e v e l o p s o n e a c h s i d e o f t h e c a r r i e r ( s i m i l a r t o sidebands) and extends into t he adjacent frequency bands (see Figu re 3 - 13 ).
112 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping appears as a recta ngle in t he vector represent ation. Wit h either met hod, the objective is to clip t he wav efo rm to a lev el that effectively reduc es spectral regro wth, but does no t c ompromis e t he i nt eg ri ty of the signal.
Chapter 3 113 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping Figure 3- 15 Rectangul ar Clipping.
114 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping Figure 3- 16 Reduction of Peak -to- Avera ge Power Configuri ng Circular Clipping This procedur e sho ws you ho w to conf igure circular clipping. The circular setting clips the compo sit e I/Q data ( I and Q data are clipped equally).
Chapter 3 115 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping 2. Press Mode > Dual ARB > Select W a veform and ensure that AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM is high lighted on the d i s p l a y . A U T O G E N _ W A V E F O R M i s t h e d e f a u l t n a m e a s s i g n e d t o t h e w a v e f o r m y o u g e n e r a t e d i n the previous step.
116 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using W aveform Scaling 11. Press Wa v e f o r m S t a t is t i c s > CCDF Pl ot and observe the wav eform’s curve. N otice t he reduction in peak- to- average po wer , relativ e to t he previous plot, after applying clipping.
Chapter 3 117 Basic Digital Operation Using W aveform Scaling Figure 3- 18 W avefor m Overshoot How Scaling El iminates DAC Ov er-Range Err ors Scaling reduces or shrinks a baseband wav eform’s amplitude w hile maint aining its basic shape and characteristics, such as peak- to- a verage po wer ratio.
118 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using W aveform Scaling Although scaling maintains the basic shape of the wav efo r m, too much scalin g can compr omise its integrity b ecause the b it resolu tion can be so lo w that the w av eform b ecomes co rr upted with quantization noise.
Chapter 4 119 4 Optimizing Performance In the follo wing sections, this chapte r describes procedures that impr ov e the per formance of the Agilen t PSG si gnal g enerator .
120 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Using External Leveling samplin g the fast rising edges of pulsed wav ef orms with high crest f actors found in f ormats such as 802.11b, CDMA, and OFDM. A limited, or narrow bandw idth will result in a longer ALC sample time and a mor e accu rate repre sentation of the si gnal’s l ev el.
Chapter 4 121 Optimizing Performance Using External Leveling Configu re the Sig nal Gener ator 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Frequency > 10 > GHz . 3. Press Amplitude > 0 > dBm . 4. Press RF On/Off . 5. Press Leveling M ode > Ext Det ecto r .
122 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Using External Leveling Figure 4- 3 T ypical Diode De tector Respon se at 25° C External Leveling wi th Option 1E1 S ignal Genera tors Signal generators with Opti on 1E1 contain a ste p attenuator p rior to the RF out put conne ctor .
Chapter 4 123 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction F o r e x a m p l e , l e v e l i n g t h e C W o u t p u t o f a 3 0 d B g a i n a m p l i f i e r t o a l e v e l .
124 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Creating and Applying User Flatness Corre ction Creating a User Flatne ss Correc tion Array In this example, y ou create a user f latness cor rection array.
Chapter 4 125 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Figu re 4- 4 User Fl atne ss Cor recti on E quip ment Se tup Configu re the Sig nal Gener ator 1. Press Preset . 2. Configur e the signa l genera tor to interface w ith the po w er meter .
126 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Creating and Applying User Flatness Corre ction 7 . Press # of Points > 10 > Enter . Steps 4, 5, and 6 ent er the desired f latness- correct ed frequencies into t he step ar ray. 8. Press Return > Load Cal Array From Step A rray > Confirm Load From Step Data .
Chapter 4 127 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction 1. Press More (1 of 2) > Us er Flatness > Configure Cal Arra y . This opens the User Flatness t able editor an d places t he cursor o ver the frequency value (1 GHz) for ro w 1 .
128 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Creating and Applying User Flatness Corre ction 4. Ensure t hat t he f ile FLATCAL1 is h ighlighted. 5. Press Load From Selec ted File > Confirm Load From File . This pop ulates the user f latness corre ction arra y with the data contained i n the file FLATCAL1 .
Chapter 4 129 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction NOTE User Flatness correction is on ly applicable f or Agilent 83550 series mm- wav e source modules and does not function with other mm- wa ve mo dules such as OML m odules.
130 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Creating and Applying User Flatness Corre ction Figure 4- 5 User Fl atness with mm- W ave Sourc e Module for a Signa l Genera tor without Opt ion 1EA.
Chapter 4 131 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Figure 4- 6 User Flat ness with mm- W ave Source M odule and Option 1EA Si gnal Genera tor NOTE T o ensure adequate .
132 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Creating and Applying User Flatness Corre ction 2. Configur e the signa l genera tor to interface w ith the po w er meter . a. Press Am plitude > M ore (1 of 2) > Us er Flatness > More (1 of 2) > Power Meter > E 4416A , E4417A , E4418B , or E4419B .
Chapter 4 133 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction User Flatness: (UNSTORED) indicat ing that the cu r rent us er f latness correct ion arra y data has not been sav ed to the memor y cat alog.
134 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Adjusting Referenc e Oscillator Band width (O ption UNR/UN X) Recalling a nd Applying a User Flatne ss Correction Array Bef ore per forming th e steps in t his section, complete the section “Creat ing a User Flatness Correction Array wi th a mm- W av e Source Module” on page 128 .
Chapter 4 135 Optimizing Performance Adjusting Referenc e Oscillator Band width (O ption UNR/UN X) T o Restore Factory Default Settings: Inter nal Timebase: 1 25 Hz Externa l Timebase: 25 Hz Press Utility > Ins trument Adjustm ents > Referenc e Oscilla tor Adjust ment > Restore Factory Defaults .
136 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Adjusting Referenc e Oscillator Band width (O ption UNR/UN X).
Chapter 5 137 5 Analog Modulation In the f ollo wing sectio ns, this cha pter describ es the standar d continuo us wa ve form and optional analog m odula tion c apabil ity in A gil ent E825 7D PSG Analog and E826 7D PS G V ec to r signal generat ors.
138 Chapter 5 Anal og M odula tio n Configuring AM (Opt ion UNT) Configuring AM (Option UNT) In this example, y ou will lear n ho w to generate an amplitude- modulat ed RF carrier . T o Set the Carrier Fre quency 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Frequency > 1340 > kHz .
Chapter 5 139 Analo g Modulat ion Configuring Φ M (Opti on UNT) T o Set the FM Deviati on and Rate 1. Press the FM/ Φ M hardk ey. 2. Press FM Dev > 75 > kHz . 3. Press FM Rate > 10 > kHz . The signal generator is now configured to output a 0 dBm, frequency- modulat ed carrier at 1 GHz with a 75 kHz deviation and a 10 kHz rate.
140 Chapter 5 Anal og M odula tio n Configuring Pulse Mo dulation (Option UNU /UNW) The signal generator is now co nf igured to output a 0 dBm , phase- modulated carrier at 3 GHz with a 0.25 p radian deviation an d 10 kHz rate. The shape of the wav eform is a sine wa ve.
Chapter 5 141 Analo g Modulat ion Configuring the LF Output (Op tion UNT) Configuring the LF Output (Option UNT) With Option UNT , t he signal generator has a low frequency (LF) output (described on page 10 ).
142 Chapter 5 Anal og M odula tio n Configuring the LF Output (Option UNT) 5. Press FM Off On . Y o u hav e set up the FM signal with a rate of 10 kHz and 75 kHz o f deviation. The FM annunciator is activa ted indica ting that y ou ha ve enabled freque ncy modula tion.
Chpater 6 143 6 Custom Arb W aveform Generator In the follo wing sections, this chapte r describes the cust om arbitrar y wav eform generat or mode, whic h is avail ab le on ly in E 8267 D PSG vect or.
144 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working wit h User -Defined Setu ps (M odes)-C ustom A rb On ly Selecting a Custom ARB Setup or a Custom Digital Modulatio n State 1. Preset the signal gener ator: press Preset . 2. Press Mode > Custom > Arb Wa veform Generator > Setup Select .
Chpater 6 145 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with User -Defin ed Setup s (Modes) -Cust om Arb Only 11. Press Dig ital Mod De fine > Store Custom Dig Mod State > Store T o File . If th ere is already a file n ame from the Catalog of DMOD Files occup ying the active entr y area, press: Ed it Keys > Clear T ext 12.
146 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters 12. Enter a file n ame (for example, EDGEM1 ) using the alpha k eys and t he numeric k eypad, and press Enter . The user - defined multicarrier digit al modulation stat e is no w stored in non- v olatile memory.
Chpater 6 147 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with Filters middle, and total att enuation at high frequencies. The width of the middle frequencies is define d by the roll off factor or Filter Alpha (0 < Filt er Alpha < 1). • Gaussian is a Gaussian pre- modulation FIR filter .
148 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters Optimizing a Nyqu ist or Root Nyquist FIR Fi lter for EVM or ACP (Custom Realtime I/Q Baseband only) 1. Preset the instr ument: Press Preset . 2. Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > Filt er > Optimize FIR For EVM or ACP .
Chpater 6 149 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with Filters 7 . Press Displa y Impuls e Response . A g raph displa ys the impulse response of the current FIR coef ficients. 8. Press Return . 9. Highlight coef ficient 1 5. 10. Press 0 > Enter .
150 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters T o Create a User -Defin ed FIR Filter w ith the FIR V alues Edit or In this procedure, you use the FIR Values editor to cr eate and store an 8- s ymbol, windo wed, s inc function filt er with an oversam ple ratio of 4.
Chpater 6 151 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with Filters 7 . Press Mirror T able . In a window ed sinc function filt er , t he second half of t he coeff icients are i dentical to the f irst half, but in rev erse order .
152 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters 9. Press More (1 of 2) > Di splay FFT (f ast F ourie r transf or m). A graph dis plays the fa st Fo urier tra nsform of the current set of FIR coefficients. Th e signal generator has the capability of gr aphically disp laying the filt er in both time and frequency dimensio ns.
Chpater 6 153 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Worki ng w ith Sym bol Ra tes Wo r k i n g w i t h Sy m b o l R a t e s The Sy mbol Rate men u enable s you to s et the rate a t which I/ Q symbols a re f ed to the I/Q modulator . The defaul t transmi ssion symbol r a t e c a n a l s o b e r e s t o r e d i n t h i s m e n u .
154 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wo rking with Symbol Rates T o Restore the De fault Symbol Rate (Custom Re al Ti me I/Q Only) • Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > Symbol Rate > Restore Default Symbol Rate .
Chpater 6 155 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with M odulation T y pes Wo r k i n g w i t h M o d u l a t i o n T y p e s The Mo dulation Type menu enables y ou to spec ify the type of modulatio n applied to the carrier signal when the Mod On Off hardk ey is on.
156 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Workin g w ith Mo dula tio n T ype s T o Use a User-D efined M odula tion T ype (Real Time I /Q On ly) Creating a 128QAM I/Q M odulation T ype User Fil e with the I/ Q V alues Edit or In I/Q modulation schemes, sym bols appear in default positions in the I/Q plane.
Chpater 6 157 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with M odulation T y pes 5. Press the Dele te Row sof tk ey 16 tim es. Repeat this patte rn of steps using th e follo wing t able: 6. Press Display I/Q Map t o v iew t he new co nst e llat ion t ha t ha s bee n created.
158 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Workin g w ith Mo dula tio n T ype s 2. Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > M odu lation T ype > Define U ser I/Q > More (1 of 2) > De lete All Rows > Confirm Delete All Ro ws .
Chpater 6 159 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with M odulation T y pes Modifying a Predefined I/Q M odulation T ype (I/Q Symbols) & Si mulating Magni tude Errors & Phase Errors Use the follo wing procedure to manipulate symbol locations which simulate magnitude and phase errors.
160 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Workin g w ith Mo dula tio n T ype s 6. Press -1.8 > kHz . Each time y ou enter a value, t he Data column increments to the next binar y number , up to a to tal of 1 6 data v alu es ( fr om 0000 to 1111 ).
Chpater 6 161 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with M odulation T y pes Different ial Wideband IQ (Optio n 016) The signal generator wit h Option 016 can use an ext ernal I/Q modulation source such as a tw o chann el arbitr ar y wa ve form gene rator to gener ate up to 2 GH z modulatio n bandwi dth at RF .
162 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Configuring Hardw are the inter nal ARB as a baseband source and enable t he wideband inputs. 1. Set up the inte rnal baseban d generator w ith the desired sig nal. 2. Press the Mux ha rdkey. 3. Press I/Q Out .
Chpater 6 163 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Configuring Hardware 9. Press Ext Delay Time > 100 > msec . T h e C u s t o m A r b W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r h a s b e e n c o n f i g u r.
164 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Configuring Hardw are.
Chapter 7 165 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband In the follo wing sections, this chapte r describes the custom real- time I/Q baseband mode, which is available only in E 8267D PS G vector sign al gener.
166 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking with Data Patte rns Dese lectin g a Predefined Real Time Modulat ion Setup T o deselect any predefined mode that has been previously selec t ed, and return to t he top- level cust om mod ulati on menu : 1.
Chapter 7 167 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Wo rking with Data Patterns Using a Predefi ned D ata Patte rn Sele cting a Pred efined PN Seq uence Da ta Pat tern 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > Data > PN Sequ ence .
168 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking with Data Patte rns NOTE When you create a new file, the default name is UNTITLED , or UNTITLED1 , and so f orth . This preven ts overwriting previous files. 3. Usin g the n umeri c keypad ( no t the sof tkeys ), ent er the 32 bit values shown.
Chapter 7 169 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Wo rking with Data Patterns 4. Press More (1 of 2) > Rename > Editin g Keys > Clear T ext . 5. Enter a f ile name (for exam ple, USER1 ) using th e alpha k eys and the numeric keypad. 6. Press Enter .
170 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking with Data Patte rns Navigati ng the Bit V alu es of an Ex isting Da ta Patter n User File 1. Press Goto > 4 > C > En ter . This mo ves the cursor to bit position 4C, of t he table, as shown in the fol lowing figure.
Chapter 7 171 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Burst Sh apes T o App ly Bit Erro rs to an Existin g Data Patte rn User File This exam ple demonstrates how to apply bit errors to an existing dat a patter n user f ile.
172 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Working with Burst Sh apes Burst shape maximum rise and fall time values are affected by th e f ollowing factors: • the symbol r ate • th e mod ulati o.
Chapter 7 173 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Burst Sh apes Y o u can also design burst shape files exter nally and do wnload the dat a to t he signal generator . For more information, see the E8 257D/67D P SG Sig nal Ge nerator s Programm ing Gui de .
174 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Working with Burst Sh apes Figure 7-1 5. Press More (1 of 2) > Display Bu rst Shape . This displa ys a graphical represent ation of the wavef orm’s rise and fall characterist ics.
Chapter 7 175 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Configuring Hardware 8. Press Enter . The contents of the cur rent Rise Shape and Fall Shape editors are stored t o the Catalog of SHAPE Files . This burst shape can no w be used to customize a modulation or as a basis f or a new burs t sha pe de sig n.
176 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Configuring Hardw are 2. Press BBG Re f Ext Int t o select either ext ern al or intern al as the bit- clock reference for the data generat or . If exter nal is selected, apply the reference fre quency to the rear- panel B ASEBAND GEN REF IN con nect or.
Chapter 7 177 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Ph as e Polar ity W orking with Phase Polarity T o Set Phase Polari ty to Normal or Inverted 1. Press Mode > Custom > Rea l Time I/Q Baseband > More (1 of 3) > Phase Pola rity Normal Invert .
178 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking wi th Differ ential Da ta Encod ing Figure 7-3 NOTE The number of bits per symbol can be expressed using the follo w ing formula. Because the equation is a ceiling function, if t he value of x cont a ins a frac tion, x is rounded up to the next whole number .
Chapter 7 179 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Wor king wit h Differe ntial Data Encoding mapping at the point of modulation, differential data encoding uses the transi tion from o ne bit value to another to en co de th e ra w d ata.
180 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking wi th Differ ential Da ta Encod ing NOTE The f ollowing I/Q Stat e Map illustrations sho w all possible s t ate transitions using a particular symbol table offset value. The actual state- to- stat e transition depends on the st ate in which th e modu lati on st arts .
Chapter 7 181 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Wor king wit h Differe ntial Data Encoding When applied to t he user - define d default 4QAM I/Q map, st ar ting from t he 1st symbol (data 00), the differential encoding transitions for the data stream (in 2- bit symbols) 0011100001 appear in t he previous illustration.
182 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking wi th Differ ential Da ta Encod ing Configur ing User-De fined I/Q Mod ulation 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > M odu lation T ype > Define U ser I/Q > More (1 of 2) > Load De faul t I/Q Map > QAM > 4QAM .
Chapter 7 183 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Wor king wit h Differe ntial Data Encoding Edi ting t he Di fferen tia l Stat e Map 1. Press 1 > Ent er . This encodes the first symbol by adding a symbol table off set of 1. The symbol rotates fo r wa rd through the st ate map by 1 value when a data value of 0 is modulated.
184 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking wi th Differ ential Da ta Encod ing 5. Press Return > Differ ent ial En codi ng Off On . This applies the custom differential encoding to a user - defined modulation. NOTE No ti c e t hat (UNSTORED) appears next to Differential State Map on the signal generator’s display.
Chapter 8 185 8 Multitone W aveform Generator In the follo wing sections, this chapte r describes the multitone mode, which is available only in E826 7D PSG Vector S ignal Gen era tors wit h Opt ion 6.
186 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creat ing, V iewing , and Optimi zing Mult itone W aveforms Creating, Viewing , and Optimizing Multitone W aveforms This section describes ho w to set up, generat e, and optimize a multitone wav efo rm while viewing it with a spectr um analyzer .
Chapter 8 187 Multitone Waveform Gene rator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms The wa veform has nine tones spaced 1 MHz apar t with random initial phase values. The center to ne is placed at the car rier frequency , while t he othe r eight ton es are spaced in 1 MHz increments from the center t one.
188 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creat ing, V iewing , and Optimi zing Mult itone W aveforms Figure 8-3 T o Edit the Multit one Setup T able This pr ocedure builds upon th e previous procedure. 1. Press Initialize T able > Number of T ones > 10 > Ente r .
Chapter 8 189 Multitone Waveform Gene rator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms 9. Press App ly Mu ltit one . NOTE Whenever a change is made to a setting while the multit one generat.
190 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creat ing, V iewing , and Optimi zing Mult itone W aveforms Figure 8-5 T o Minimiz e Carrier Feedth rough This pr ocedure describes how to minimize carrier f eedthrough and measure t he difference in pow er between the tones and their int er modulation distor tion products.
Chapter 8 191 Multitone Waveform Gene rator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms 7 . Turn on wa vef orm av eragin g. 8. Create a marker and place it on the peak o f one of the end to nes. 9. Create a delt a marker and place it on the peak of th e adjacent inter modulation product, which should be spaced 10 MHz from the marked tone.
192 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creat ing, V iewing , and Optimi zing Mult itone W aveforms 4. Press Done . 5. Press App ly Mu ltit one . 6. Press More (1 of 2) > ARB S etup > Waveform Utilitie s > Waveform Statistics > Plot CCDF .
Chapter 8 193 Multitone Waveform Gene rator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms Figure 8-8 CCDF Plot with Random Phase Set Peak Power.
194 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creat ing, V iewing , and Optimi zing Mult itone W aveforms.
Chapter 9 195 9 T wo- T one W aveform Generator In the f ollo wing sectio ns, this cha pter descri bes the tw o- ton e mode, which is a vailable on ly in E8267D PSG vect or si gnal gen erat ors wit h .
196 Chapter 9 Tw o -To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Cre ating , Vie win g, an d Mod ify ing T wo - T on e Wavef orms Figure 9- 1 Spectru m Analyzer Setup To C r e a t e a Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m This procedure describes h ow to create and a basic, center- aligned, tw o- tone wav eform.
Chapter 9 197 Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Cre ating , Vie win g, an d Mod ify ing T wo - T on e Wavefo rms Figure 9-2 To V i e w a Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m This procedure describes ho w t o co nfigure t he spectr um analyzer to view a tw o - tone wav eform and its IMD pr oducts.
198 Chapter 9 Tw o -To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Cre ating , Vie win g, an d Mod ify ing T wo - T on e Wavef orms Figure 9-3 T o Minimiz e Carrier Feedth rough This pr ocedure describes how to minimize carrier f eedthrough and measure t he difference in pow er between the tones and their int ermodulatio n distort ion products.
Chapter 9 199 Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Cre ating , Vie win g, an d Mod ify ing T wo - T on e Wavefo rms 6. On t he spectrum analyzer , return t he resolution bandwidt h to its previous setting. 7 . Turn on wa vef orm av eragin g.
200 Chapter 9 Tw o -To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Cre ating , Vie win g, an d Mod ify ing T wo - T on e Wavef orms 1. On the signal generator , press Mode Setup > Alignmen t Left C ent Righ t to Le ft . 2. Press Apply Se ttings to r eg en er ate th e wa v ef orm.
Chapter 10 201 10 A WGN W aveform Generator In the f ollo wing se ctions, this chapter co ntains exa mple s f or usin g the A WGN wa vef or m gen erator , which is av ailable onl y in E8 267D v ector .
202 Chapter 10 AWGN W aveform Generato r Configuring the AWGN Generator Generat ing the W aveform Press AWGN Off On until On i s highlighted. T h i s g e n e r a t e s a n A W G N w a v e f o r m w i t h t h e p a r a m e t ers defined in t he previous procedure.
Chapter 11 203 11 Pe ripheral Devices This chapter pro vides information on peripheral devices used with PSG signal generators. Th e N 5 1 0 2 A B a s e b a n d S t u d i o d i g i t a l s i g n a l i.
204 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Figure 11- 1 Data Setu p Menu for a Parallel Port Confi guration The N5 102A mo dule cloc k rate is set using the Clock Rate sof tke y and has a range of 1 kHz to 400 MHz. The sample rate is automatically calculated and has a range of 1 kHz t o 100 MHz.
Chapter 11 205 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module The lev els will degrade abov e the war ranted level clo ck rates, but t hey ma y still be usable.
206 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Parallel a nd Parallel Inter leaved Port Config uration Clock Rates Parallel and par allel interleav ed port configur ations.
Chapter 11 207 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Clock Source The clock signal f or t he N5102A module is provided in one of t hree ways through the follo w ing selections: .
208 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module clock inside the signal generat or must ha ve the same base frequency reference as the clock used by the devic e under test.
Chapter 11 209 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 11- 3 Frequency Reference Set up Diagrams for th e N5102A Modul e Clock Signal NOTE : Use only one of t he two signal generato r frequency ref erence i nputs.
210 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Clock T iming for Para llel Data S o m e c o m p o n e n t s r e q u i r e m u l t i p l e c l o c k s d u r i n g a s i n g l e s a m p l e p e r i o d . ( A s a m p l e p e r i o d c o n s i s t s o f an I and Q sam ple).
Chapter 11 211 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 1 1-4 Clock Sample Timing for Paralle l Port Confi guration 1 Sample Period Q sample 1 Clock Pe r Sample 1 Clock Clock .
212 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module 1 Sample Period 4 Clocks Per Sample 4 Clocks Sample rate decreases by a factor of f our I sample Q sample Clock 4 bits per w.
Chapter 11 213 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Clock T iming for Para llel Interleaved Da ta The N5102A module pro vides the capability to int erleav e the digit al I and Q sam ples.
214 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module 1 Sample Period 4 Clocks Pe r Sample 4 Clocks The I sample is transmitted for t he first two c lock peri ods and the Q sampl.
Chapter 11 215 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Clock Timing for Serial Data Figure 11 - 6 sho ws the clock timing for a serial por t confi guration. Notice that t he serial transmission includes frame pulses that mark the beginning of each sampl e while th e clock delineates the beginning of each bit.
216 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Figure 11- 7 Clock Phase an d Skew A djustments Connect ing the Clock Source and the Devic e Under T est As shown in F igure.
Chapter 11 217 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 11-8 Example Setup usi ng the PSG 10 MHz Frequency Reference 1. Refe r to the fiv e setup diagrams in Figure 11- 3 on page 20 9 and connect the frequency ref eren ce cable accor ding to the clock source.
218 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Data T ypes The f ollo wing block diagram indicates where in the PSG signal generation process the data is injected f or input mo de or tapped for output mode.
Chapter 11 219 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module The Filter so f tk ey accesses a menu that en ables you set the desired filtering parameters. Oper ating th e N5102A Mo dule in Outpu t Mode This se ction sho ws ho w to set the pa rameters f or the N5 102A O ption 003 module i n output mode using the front- panel k eys.
220 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Figure 11- 9 First-Level Sof tkey Menu Choosing th e Logic T ype an d Port Conf iguration Figure 11- 10 Lo gic and Port Confi guration S oftkey Menus 1. Refer to Fig ur e 1 1- 10 .
Chapter 11 221 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module CAUTION Changing t he logic type can increas e or decrease the s ignal voltage level going to the device under test. T o av oid damaging the device and/or the N5102A module, ensure that bot h are capable of handling the voltage change.
222 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Figure 11- 11 Dat a Setup Menu Location This softke y menu accesses the various parameters t hat gov ern the dat a received by the devic e under test.
Chapter 11 223 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 11- 12 Data S etup Softkey M enu with Paral lel Port Config uration 2. If a r eal- time modulation f ormat is being used, press the Da ta T y pe sof tk ey. (This softk ey is inactiv e w h e n a n A R B m o d u l a t i o n f o r m a t i s t u r n e d o n .
224 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module 6. Press the More (1 of 2) so f tkey. From this sof tke y menu, select t he bit order , swap I and Q, select t he polarity of t he transmitted data, and access menus th at pro vide data negation, scaling, gain , offse t, and IQ rotation adjustment s.
Chapter 11 225 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module From this soft ke y menu, set all of the clock parameters that synchronize the clocks between the N5102A modul e and t he PSG. Y ou can also change the clock signal phase so the clo ck occurs during the valid port ion of the dat a.
226 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module This error is repor ted when t he output FIFO is ov erf lo wing in t he digital module. This error can be generat ed if an ext ernal clock or its ref erence is not set up properly , or if the in ternal VCO is unlock ed.
Chapter 11 227 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module 6. Press the Cl ock Ph ase softke y. From the menu that appea rs, y ou can adjust the phase of t he clock relative to the data in 90 degree increments. The selections pro vide a coarse adjustment for positioning t he clock on the valid portion of the da ta.
228 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Gene rating Di gital Data Press the N5102A Off On soft key to On. Digital dat a is no w being tran sf er red through the N 5102A module to the device. The g reen status light should be blinking.
Chapter 11 229 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 11- 15 F irst-Level Softk ey Menu Select ing the In put Direct ion If both Opti on 003 (output mode) and Opti on 004 (in put mode) are installed, y ou must sele ct the input di rection.
230 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Choosing th e Logic T ype an d Port Conf iguration Figure 11- 16 Lo gic and Port Confi guration S oftkey Menus 1. Refer to Fig ur e 1 1- 16 . Press the Logic T ype so f tke y.
Chapter 11 231 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Configur ing the Clock Si gnal 1. Press the Clock Setup softke y , as sho wn in Fig ur e 1 1- 17 . Figure 11- 17 Clock S etup Menu Loca tion From this soft ke y menu, set all of the clock parameters that synchronize the dat a betw een t he N5102A module and the device.
232 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Figure 11-18 Clock Setup S oftkey Menu for a Parallel Port Configuration The top graphic on the display sho w s the current clock source that pro vides the output clock signal at the C lock Out and Device Inter face connectors.
Chapter 11 233 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Fo r t he Externa l selection, the signal is supplied by an external clock source and applied to the Ext Clock In connector . F or the De vice selection, t he clock signal is supplied through the Device Inter face connector , generally by the device being tested.
234 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module The sk ew has discrete values with a range that is dependent on the clock rate. Refer to “Clock Timing fo r Phase and Sk ew A djustment s” on page 215 f or more info r mation on ske w settings.
Chapter 11 235 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 11- 20 Data S etup Softkey M enu with Paral lel Port Config uration 2. Press the Dat a T y pe softkey. In this menu, select th e data type t o be either f ilt ered ( Sam p les ) o r unfilt ered ( Pre-FIR Sa mples ).
236 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces Millimeter-W ave Source Modules 6. Press the More (1 of 2) so f tkey. F r o m t h i s s o f t k e y m e n u , s e l e c t t h e b i t o r d e r , s w a p I a n d Q , t h e p o l a r i t y o f t h e d a t a , a n d a c c e s s menus that provides data negation, scaling, and filt ering para meters.
Chapter 11 237 Periph eral Devices Millimeter-W ave Source Module s The fo llowing is a list of equipment required f or extending t he frequency range of t he signal generat or: • Agilent 8355x seri.
238 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces Millimeter-W ave Source Modules Figure 11- 21 Setu p for E8257D P SG without Option 1EA.
Chapter 11 239 Periph eral Devices Millimeter-W ave Source Module s Figure 11- 22 Setu p for E8267D PSG and E825 7D PSG w ith Option 1EA Configur ing the Si gnal Gen erator 1. Tur n on t he signal generat or’s line pow er . NOTE Refer to the mm- wa ve source module specifications for the specific frequency and amplitude ranges.
240 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces Millimeter-W ave Source Modules When the 8355x series mm- wav e source is enable via the front panel Agilent 8355x Source Module Off On softk e y , the MMOD indi cator in the FREQUENCY area and the MM indicator in the AMPLITUDE area will appear on t he signal generato r’s display.
Chapter 11 241 Periph eral Devices Millimeter-W ave Source Module s Figure 11- 23 Setu p for E8257D P SG without Option 1EA Figure 11- 24 Setu p for E8267D PSG and E825 7D PSG w ith Option 1EA.
242 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces Millimeter-W ave Source Modules Configur ing the Si gnal Gene rator The fo llowing pr ocedure configures a PSG for use with any external source module that has a WR (wav eguide rect angular) frequency range of 90- 140 GHz.
Chapter 12 243 12 T r oubleshooting This chapter pro vides basic troubleshooting information for Agilent PSG signal generators. If you do not find a solution here, refer to th e E8257D/6 7D PSG S ignal Ge nerato rs Servi ce Guide .
244 Chapter 12 T roubles hooting RF Ou tp ut P owe r Pr obl ems RF Outp ut Power too Low 1. Look for an OFFS or REF indicator i n the AMPLITUDE area of the display. OFFS tells yo u t hat an amplitude o f fset has been set. An amplitude o f fset changes the value shown in the AMPLITUDE area of the display but does not affect the output po wer .
Chapter 12 245 T roublesh ooting RF O utp ut P owe r Pr ob lems Figure 12- 1 Effects of Re verse Power on ALC T h e i n t e r n a l l y l e v e l e d s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r R F o u t p u t ( a n d A L C l e v e l ) i s - 8 d B m .
246 Chapter 12 T roubles hooting RF Ou tp ut P owe r Pr obl ems Figure 12- 2 Reverse P ower Solution Compared to the original conf iguration, t he ALC level is 10 dB higher while the att enuator reduces the LO feedthrough (and the RF output of the signal generato r) by 10 dB.
Chapter 12 247 T roublesh ooting No Mo du latio n a t the RF Ou tput 4 . T u r n t h e R F o f f : s e t RF On/Off to Off 5. T urn t he signal generator’s automatic levelin g control (ALC) off: press Amplit ude > ALC Off On to Off. 6. Monitor t he RF output amplitude as measured by t he pow er meter .
248 Chapter 12 T roubles hooting Sweep P roblems Sweep Problems Sweep App ears to be S talled The current status of t he sweep is ind icat ed as a shaded rectangle in t he progress bar . Y ou can observe the progress bar to deter mine if t he sweep is pro gressing.
Chapter 12 249 T roublesh ooting Data St orage Pr oblems 4. Observe if the Dwell T y pe List S tep softkey is set to Step. When Step is selected, th e signal generator will sweep the list points using the dw ell time set for step sweep rather than th e sweep lis t dwell values.
250 Chapter 12 T roubles hooting Cannot T urn Off Help Mode Cannot T urn Off Help Mode 1. Press Utility > Instrum ent Info/Help Mode 2. Press Help Mode Single Cont un til Sing le is highlighted. The signal gener ator has tw o help modes; single and co ntinuous.
Chapter 12 251 T roublesh ooting Error Mess ages CAUTION Carefully read the entire message! It may list additional risks with this procedure. 3. Release the Preset key. 4. T o continue with t he sequence, press Conti nue ( t o a b o r t w i t h n o l o s t f i l e s , p r e s s Abor t ).
252 Chapter 12 T roubles hooting Error Me ssages Error M essage File A c o m p l e t e l i s t o f e r r o r m e s s a g e s i s p r o v i d e d i n t h e f i l e error messages.pdf , on the CDROM supplied wit h your instr u men t. In the er ror message list, an explanation is generally included with each er ror to fur ther clarify its meaning.
Chapter 12 253 T roublesh ooting Contacting Agilent Sales and Service Offices The <error_m essage> string f or a po sitive er ror is not defin ed by SCPI.
254 Chapter 12 T roubles hooting Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent T echnologies.
Index 255 Index Symbols Φ M 15 , 13 9 Numerics 003, option 3 004, option 3 005, option 3 007, option 2 , 5 , 43 015, option 3 016, option 3 1 GHz REF OUT connector 25 10 MHz EFC connector 26 10 MHz I.
Index 256 Index AUXILIAR Y INTERF ACE connector 27 AW G N ARB 201 dual ARB player 86 real-time 201 B bandwidth ALC, selecting 11 9 reference oscillator , adjusting 134 base band clippin g 108 – 11 6.
Index 257 Index contrast ad justmen ts 12 correction array (user fl atness) configur ation 125 load from s tep array 126 viewing 126 See also user flatness cor rection couplers/splitters, using 120 cu.
Index 258 Index dwell time 39 E E8257D optional features 2 standard featur es 2 E8267D optional features 3 standard featur es 3 Edit Item softke y 35 Erase All 63 , 64 , 66 erase and overwrite 63 eras.
Index 259 Index frequency output li mi ts, clo ck rates & logic levels 204 freque ncy range 53 freque ncy reference common 207 hookup d iagrams 209 front p anel descripti on 7 – 14 disabl ing ke.
Index 260 Index leveling ALC 246 external 120 – 123 internal 11 9 mm-w ave so urce mo du le, usin g 236 LF OUT connector 32 LF output 141 – 142 LF OUTPUT connector 10 license key 66 limits, clock .
Index 261 Index multicarrier waveform 143 , 145 , 162 multitone 71 multitone mode 6 multito ne waveform gener ator 185 – 193 N N510 2A 203 baseband da ta 219 clock rates 203 clock se ttings 224 , 23.
Index 262 Index P Page Down softkey 35 Page Up so ftkey 35 parallel clock rates 206 data clock timing 210 interleaved data clock timing 213 sample rates 206 P A TTERN TRIG IN connector 22 peak to aver.
Index 263 Index reference amplitude, setting 38 frequency , settin g 37 oscillato r bandwidth, adjusting 134 regist ers 57 , 58 remote operation 128 remote operation annunciator 16 reset & run tri.
Index 264 Index Signa l S tudio soft w are 185 , 195 single step s weep 40 single tr igger mode 103 single tr igger , setting 162 skew clock timing 215 range 215 SMI connector 29 softke ys 8 , 17 , 35.
Index 265 Index real-time I/Q 156 , 182 V vector PSG optional features 3 standard featur es 3 VIDEO OUT connector 11 volatile memo ry 83 W warrante d logic out put clock rates 204 waveform memo ry 60 .
Index 266 Index.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Agilent Technologies E8267D PSG è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Agilent Technologies E8267D PSG - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Agilent Technologies E8267D PSG imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Agilent Technologies E8267D PSG ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Agilent Technologies E8267D PSG, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Agilent Technologies E8267D PSG.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Agilent Technologies E8267D PSG. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Agilent Technologies E8267D PSG insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
