Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto 89441A del fabbricante Agilent Technologies
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Agilent Technologies 89441A Getting Started Guide Agilent Technologies Part Number 89441-90076 For instruments with firmware version A.08.00 Printed in U.S .A. Print Date: June 2000 © Agilent Technologies 1994, 1995, 2000. All rights reserved. 8600 Soper Hill Road Ev erett, Washington 98205-1298 U.
The Analyzer at a Glance 4 5 7 3 9 1 8 2 6 3 16 14 11 15 18 13 10 12 17 ii.
Front Pane l 1 -A softkey’s function changes as different menus are displayed. Its current function is determined by the vide o label to its l eft, on the analyzer’s screen. 2 -The analyzer’s screen is divided into two main areas. The menu area, a narrow column at the screen ’s right edge, displays softkey labels.
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Saftey Summary The following general safet y precautions must be observed during all phases of operation of this instrument. Failure t o comply with these precautions or with specific warnings else where in this manual viol ates safety standards of design, manufacture , and intended use of the instrument.
FUSES Only fuses with the required rated current, voltage, and specif ied type (normal blow, time delay, etc.) should be used. Do not use repaired fuses or short-circuited fuse holders.
Safet y Symbo ls Warning, risk of electric shock Caution, refer to accompanyin g documents Alternating current Both direct and alternati ng current Earth (ground) termina l Protective earth (ground) terminal Frame o r chas sis ter minal Terminal is at earth potential.
Notation Conventions Before you use this b ook, it is important to understa nd the types of keys o n the front panel of the analyzer and how the y are denoted in this book. Hardkeys Hard keys are fron t-panel b uttons who se function s are always the same .
In This Book This book, “Agilent Technologies 89441A Getting Started Guide”, is designed to help you become comfortable with the Agilent 89441A Vector Signal Analyzers. It provides step-by step examples of how to use this analyzer to perform tasks which you have probably performed with other analyzers.
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Table of Contents 1 Using Online Help To lea rn about onl ine he lp 1-2 To display help for hardkeys and softkeys 1-3 To display a related help topic 1-4 To sele ct a top ic from the h elp in dex 1-5 .
6 General Ta sks To set up peripherals. 6-2 To print or plot scre en contents 6-3 To save data with an internal or RAM disk 6-4 To recall data with an internal or RAM disk 6-5 To format a disk 6-6 To .
1 Using Online Help You can learn about your analyzer from onli ne help which is built right int o the instrument and is available to you any time you use the analyzer. This section shows you how to use online help to learn about specif ic keys or topics.
To learn about online h elp 1 Enter the online help system: Press [ Help ]. 2 Display online help for the [ Help ] hardkey: Press [ 5 ] on the numeric keypad. 3 Use the knob or the up-arrow or down-arrow keys to move through the pages. 4 Quit online help: Press [ Help ].
To display help for hardkeys and s oftkeys This example displays topics related to triggerin g. 1 Enter the online help system: Press [ Help ]. 2 Display help for a hardkey: Press [ Trigger ]. 3 Use the knob or the up and down arrow keys to page through the topic.
To display a related help topic This example displays topics related to sav ing and recalling. 1 Enter the online help system: Press [ Help ]. 2 Display help for a hardkey: Press [ Save/Recall ]. 3 Scroll with the knob to highlight the Math topic. 4 Select that topic: Press [ 4 ].
To select a topic f rom the help index 1 Enter the online help system: Press [ Help ]. 2 Display the index: Press [ 1 ]. 3 Turn the knob to select the topic you want help on or for faster paging press and hold the up-arrow or down-arrow keys t hen use the knob to select a topic.
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2 Making Simple Noise Measurements This chapter shows you how to make typical noise measurements. In this example, we will be making random noise, band power noise, and signal to noise measurements.
To measure random noise 1 Initialize the analyzer: Press [ Preset ]. 2 Select a power spectral density measurement: Press [ Measurement Data ], [ PSD ]( s e l e c t ch1 with a 2-channel analyzer). 3 Turn on averaging: Press [ Average ], [ average on ].
To measure band power 1 Initialize the analyzer: Press [ Pres et ]. 2 Turn on averaging: Press [ Average ], [ average on ]. 3 Start an averaged measurement: Press [ Meas Restart ].
To measure signal to n oise ratios 1 Select the baseband receiver mode and initialize the analyzer: Press [ Instrument Mode ][ receiver ][ RF section (0-10 MHz) ]. Press [ Pres et ]. 2 Supply a signal from the internal source: Connect th e SOURCE outp ut to the INP UT with a BNC cab le.
7 Change to a normalized noise measurement: Toggle to [ power ratio C/No ] The display shou ld appear a s below. The grid lin es have been turned off to highlight the band power markers. The carrier-to-noise and carrier-to-normalized-noise marker m easurements require that the standard (di amond shaped) marker be on the signal peak as a reference.
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3 Using Gating to Characterize a Burst Signal This chapter uses the time gating feature to analy ze a multi-burst signal which is provided on the Signals Disk which accompanies the analyzer’s Operator’s Guide . Time gating allow s you to isolate a p ortion of a tim e record for further viewing and analysis.
To Use Tim e Gatin g First we’ll look at the spectrum of the signal and see that t hree components exist. Then we’ll look at the time display of the burst signal a nd analyze each burst separately to determine which spectral comp onents exist in each burst.
5 Configure the display and the measurement: Press [ Display ], [ 2g r i d s ], [ more display setu p ], [ grids off ]. Press [ B ], [ Measurement Data ], [ main time ] (toggle to ch1 on a 2-channel analyzer). Press [ Ref Lvl/Scale ], [ Yp e rd i v ], 50, [ mV ].
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4 Measuring Relative Phase This section shows you how to make typical rel ative phase measurements on modulated carrier signals. In this example, you measure the phase of sidebands on AM a nd PM sign als relative to th e carrier. The test signal s are provided on the Signals Disk which accom panies the analyzer’s Operator’s Guide .
To measure the relative phase of an AM signal 1 Select the baseband receiver mode and initialize the analyzer: Press [ Instrument Mode ][ receiver ][ RF section (0-10 MHz) ].
6 Activate two traces: Press [ Shift ], [ A ]( t w oA c t i v eT r a c eL E D sa r en o wt u r n e do n ) 7 Turn on marke r coupling and zero t he offset marker on the carrier: Press [ Marker ], [ couple mkrs on ], Press [ Shift ], [ Marker ] to place the marker on the carr ier peak, Press [ Shift ], [ Marker ⇒ ] to zero the offset marker.
To measure the relative phase of an PM signal Continue from “To measure the relative phase of an AM signal.” 1 Replace the arbitrary source AM signal with the PM signal in register D2: Press [ Source ], [ source type ], [ arb data reg ], [ D2 ]. 2 Start a single sweep: Press [ Pause|Single ].
5 Characterizing a Filter This section shows you how to make a typical network measurement . In this example, we will be charact erizing a 4.5 MHz bandpass fil ter.
To set up a fr equency respons e measurement Note : This measurement can only be performed with a 2-channel anal yzer—you must have opt ion AY7. You must use the source output and the channel 1 and channel 2 inputs on the IF section for network measurements.
4 Configure the source and measureme nt for a frequency r esponse measure ment: Press [ Source ], [ source on ], Press [ source type ], [ periodic chirp ], Press [ Return ], (bottom softkey) Press [ level ], .5, [ Vrms]. Press [ Res Bw/Window ], [ rbw mode arb ], Press [ main window ], [ uniform ].
To use the absolute marker Continue from “To set up a frequency response measurement .” 1 Move the marker to the largest part of the frequency response trace: Press [ Marker ⇒ ], [ marker to peak ].
To use the relative marker Continue from “To set up a frequency response measurement ” or from “Using t h ea b s o l u t em a r k e r . ” 1 Move the marker to the largest part of the frequency response trace if it is not already there: Press [ Shift ], [ Marker ].
To use the search marker Complete “To set up a frequency response measurement” or continue f rom one of the previous m arker measurements. 1 Move the marker to the largest part of the frequency response trace if it is not already there: Press [ Shift ], [ Marker ].
To display phase Complete “To set up a frequency response measurement” or continue f rom one of the previous m arker measurements. 1 Display a second trace: Press [ Display ], [ 2g r i d s ]. 2 Activate the second trace and define it as a frequency response measurement: Press [ B ], [ Measurement Data ], [ frequency response ].
To display coherence Complete “To set up a frequency response measurement” or continue f rom one of the previous m easurements. 1 Display a second trace: Press [ Display ], [ 2g r i d s ].
6 General Tasks This chapter shows you how to perform various common tasks. These include setting up and using peripherals and defining and using math functions.
To set up per ipherals. You may connect peripherals to three ports—one GPIB port, one serial port, and one parallel port. GPIB peripherals may include printers, plo tters, and external disk drives. Supported serial devices are plotte rs and printers.
To print or plot screen content s 1 Set up your printer or plotter if you haven’t alrea dy done so. 2 Select the output format and device type: Press [ Plot/Print ], [ output fmt ] and select the desired forma t. Press [ device defaults ] and select a devic e if you want other than the default.
To save data with an internal or RAM disk You may save trace data, instrument states, trace math functions, instrum ent BASIC programs, and time-capture buffers. 1 Sel ect t he de faul t di sk: Press [ Save/Recall ], [ default disk ] Press [ nonvolatile RAM disk ], [ volatile RA M dis k ]o r [ internal disk ] 2 Pres s [ Return ].
To recall data with an internal or RAM disk You may recall trac e data, instrument sta tes, trace math functions, instrument BASIC programs, and time-capture buffers. 1 Sel ect t he de faul t di sk: Press [ Save/Recall ], [ default disk ] Press [ nonvolatile RAM disk ], [ volatile RA M dis k ]o r [ internal disk ] 2 Pres s [ Return ].
To format a disk 1 Select the disk drive you want to format: Press [ Disk Utility ], [ def ault disk ]. Press the softkey corresponding to the disk drive you want to format. 2 Pres s [ Return ], [ format disk ]. Select appropriate parameters for your disk drive ( disk type, interleave e tc.
To create a math function In this section you learn how to create a math function w hich inverts a signal. 1 Initialize the analyzer: Press [ Preset ] 2 Define a constant: Press [ Math ], [ define constant ], [ d efine K1 ] Press [ real part ], 1, [ enter ], [ imag part ], 0, [ enter ].
To use a math function In this section you learn how to apply a a math fun ction to a signal. This task assumes that you have compl eted “To create a math f unction.” 1 Initialize the analyzer: Press [ Preset ] 2 Provide an averaged signal from the internal source: Press [ Source ], [ source on ], [ Average ], [ average on ].
To display a summary of ins trument parameters 1 Pres s [ View State ]. 2 Pres s [ measurement state ]o r[ in put/source state ]. These summaries reflect the current states of important measurement, input, and source param eters.
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7 Preparing the Analyzer for Use 7-1.
Preparing the Analyzer for Use This chap ter contains instru ctions for inspecting an d installing th e analyzer. This chapter also includes instructions for cleaning the screen, transporti ng and stori ng the analy zer. Power Requirements The analyzer can operate from a single-phase ac power source supplying voltages as shown in the table.
Power Cable and G rounding Requirements On the GPIB connector, pin 12 and pins 18 through 24 are tied to chassis ground and the GPIB cable shield. The instrument frame, chassis , covers, and all exposed metal surfaces including the conne ctors’ outer shell are connected to ch assis ground.
*The number shown for the plug is the indu stry identifi er for the plug onl y, the number shown for the c able is an Agilent pa rt number for a complet e cable including th e plug. **UL listed for use in the United States of America. Warning The power cable plug must be inserted into an outlet provided with a protective earth terminal.
To do the incoming inspection The analyzer was carefully inspected both mechanically and electr ically before shipment. It should be free of marks or scratches, and it should meet its published specif ications upon rece ipt. 1 Inspect the analyzer for physical damage incurred in transit.
6 Set the RF section’s rear pa nel and front panel power switches to on. Press the ‘ ’ l ‘’ symbol end of the rocker-switches located on the lower right of the rear panel and on the lower left of the front panel . The RF section provides standby power for the high precision frequency reference .
To connect the sections Do NOT use the IF section’s EXT REF O UT connector or optional OVEN REF OUT connector as an external reference output. 1 Attach the IF section to the RF section. If the hardwa re is not insta lled, follow the instr uction s supplied w ith the Rear Panel Lock Foot Kit.
5 Connect the IF section’s SOURCE connector to the RF section’s IN connector using the supplied 8.5-inch BNC-to-BNC cable. 6 Connect the IF section’s CHANNEL 1 connector to the RF section’s OUT connector using the supplied 8.5-inch BNC-to-BNC cable.
To install the analyzer The analyzer is shipped wi th plastic feet i n place, ready for use a s a portable bench analyzer. The plastic feet are shaped to make full-width modular instruments self-alig n when they are stacked. Install the analyzer to allow free circulation of cooling air.
To change the IF section’s line-voltage s witch The line-voltage selector switch is set at the factory to match the most commonly used line voltage in the cou ntry of destination . 1 Unplug the power cord from the IF section (the section with ‘’Agilent 89431A’’ silk screened on the lower right rear panel).
To change the RF section’s line-voltage sw itch The line-voltage selector switch is set at the factory to match the most commonly used line voltage in the cou ntry of destination . 1 Unplug the power cord from the RF section (the section with “Agilent 89431A” silk screened on its lower left rear panel).
To change the I F section’s fuse T h ef u s ei si n s t a l l e da tt h ef a c t o r yt om a t c ht h em o s tc o m m o n l yu s e dl i n e voltage in the count ry of destination. 1 Unplug the power cord from the IF section (the section with ‘’Agilent 89410A’’ silk screened on its lower right rear panel).
To change the RF section’s fuse T h ef u s ei si n s t a l l e da tt h ef a c t o r yt om a t c ht h em o s tc o m m o n l yu s e dl i n e voltage in the count ry of destination. 1 Unplug the power cord from the RF section (the section with “Agilent 89431A” silk screened on its lower left rear panel).
To connect the analyzer to a LAN Analyzers with opti on UFG, 4 megabyte extended RAM and addit ional I/O, have a ThinLAN and AUI (attachment unit interface) port for connecting the analyzer to the LAN (loc al area network). 1 Set the power switch to off ( O ).
To connect the analyzer to a serial device The IF section’s Serial 1 port is a 9-pin, EIA-574 port that can interface with a printer or plott er. The total allowabl e transmission path len gth is 15 meters. Connect the IF section’s SERIAL 1 port to a printer or plotter using a 9-pin female to 2 5-pin RS-232-C cable.
To connect the analyzer to an GPIB device The analyzer is compatibl e with the General Purpose Interface B us (GPIB). Total allowable transmission p ath length is 2 meters times the nu mber of devices or 20 meters, whichever is less. Operating distances ca n be extended using an GPIB Extender.
To connect the optional keyboard The analyzer may be connected to an optional external keybo ard. The keyboard remains a ctive even when the analyzer is not in alpha entry mode .T h i s means that you can operate t he analyzer using the external key board rather than the front panel.
4 To configure your analyzer for a keyboard other than U.S. English, press [ System Utili ty ][ keyboard type ]. Then press the appropriate softkey to select the language. Configuring your analyze r to use a keyboard other t han U.S. English onl y ensures that the analyzer recognizes the proper keys for that pa rticular keyboard.
To clean the screen The analyzer screen is c overed with a plastic d iffuser screen (th is is not removable by the operat or). U nder normal operating conditions, the onl y cleaning required will be an occasional dusting.
To transport the analyzer Disconnect the IF section from the RF section a nd package each section using the original factory packaging or packaging identical to the factory packaging. Containers and materials identical to those used in factory p ackaging are available through Hewlett-Packard o ffices.
If the IF section will not power up q Check that the powe r cord is connected to the IF section and to a live power source. q Check that the front-panel swit ch is on ( l ). q Check tha t the vo ltage sel ector sw itch is set p roperly. See ‘’To change the IF section’s line-vol tage switch’’ on page 7-10.
If the RF section will not power up q Check that the powe r cord is connected to the RF section and to a live power source. q Check that the RF section’s rear panel and front panel power switches are on ( l ). q Check tha t the vo ltage sel ector sw itch is set p roperly.
If the analyzer’s stop frequency is 10 MHz q Check that the RF section’s fan is running. If the fan is not r unning, see ‘’If t he RF section will not power up. ’’ q Check that the Serial 2 port on the IF section and on the RF section are connected together.
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Index ! 16QAM demodulation, examp le OP 8-1 2-channels digital demod OP 6-1 2 video demod OP 7-15 32QAM signal, example OP 9-2 A A,B,C,D LEDs HT ac line voltage GS 7-2 adja cent- chann el pow er GS 2-.
bandwidth See information bandwidth See noise equivalent bandwidth See reso lutio n band width See windo w bandw idth bandwidth coupling OP 14-4 baseband measurements OP 14-3, HT baseband signals digi.
ch1 + j*ch2 receiver HT changing numeric parameters HT channel 1 See input channels channel 1 and 2 connector s HT channel 2 See input channels circulation , air GS 7-9 cleaning the screen GS 7-19 cle.
demodulation , digital (continued) constellat ion points, viewin g OP 8-5 DQPSK HT error-vector magn itude (in symbol table) HT error-vect or magnitude t race HT example OP 8-1 eye diagram HT filterin.
detection OP 14-12, HT about detec tion HT normal detector HT positive peak detect or HT sample detector HT deviation (F SK) HT diagnostics softkey HT digital demodulation See demodulation, digital di.
filters (continu ed) user defined OP 17-18 video OP 14-3 firmware version, displaying HT FM demodulation algori thm OP 15-12 e x a m p l e O P1 - 6 ,O P3 - 4 FM demodulation , using HT fonts HT forma .
GPIB address: external disk drive HT GPIB address: external receiver HT GPIB ad dress : plotte r HT GPIB ad dress : printe r HT GPIB connector GS 7-16 GPIB controllers HT keys that have GPIB comm ands.
ports, selecting HT subnet mask, setting HT Telnet, about HT X-Windows with OP 1 0-7 X11 display, configuring HT X11 display, control HT X11 display, update rate HT X11 IP add ress, s etting HT leakag.
measured filter, selecting HT measured signal video demod OP 18-10 measured signal, digital demod OP 17-9 measurement calculati ons, disabling HT measurement data, abou t HT MEASUREMENT Group hardkeys.
relative, example GS 4-1 wrap G S 5-7 phase error See demodulation, digital phase noise, analysis example OP 2-1 phase, displaying HT PHS (PHP) H T plotter setting up G S 6-2 plotter interface GS 7-15.
range har dkey HT RBW See reso lutio n band width real-time bandwidth HT rear pa nel tou r HT recalling HT about recalling HT autostate file HT BASIC programs HT capture-buffer cont ents HT math funct.
block diagram HT block diagrams OP 12-3 limitation s OP 14-11 overview OP 12-2 scale at markers softkey HT scaling HT auto scaling HT x-axis HT x-axis scaling: linear vs.
pausing HT printing/p lotting, formats HT printing/plotti ng, overview HT real-time indi cator HT recalling HT saving HT threshol d, setti ng HT trace buffe rs, removin g HT trace, selecting HT turnin.
time data OP 14-15 time data softk ey HT time domain overview OP 13-2 time gati ng HT about time gat ing HT displaying gate time-record HT gate delay HT gate length HT selecting a window HT turning o .
digital demod OP 6-12 video demod OP 7-15 U U.K. English softkey HT U.S. English soft key HT UFG (LAN and 4 MB memory option) HT UG7 (advanced LAN optio n) HT UNCAL, definition of HT units: x-axis HT .
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Agilent 89400-Series Documen tation Roadmap If you are thin king about.. . And you want to... Then rea d the analyz er’s... Unpacking and i nstall ing the analyzer Install the an alyzer, or do opera.
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