Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto 1670G del fabbricante Agilent Technologies
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User’ s Guid e Agilent T echnologies 1670G Series Logic Analyzers Publicati on Number 01670- 97014 January 200 0 For Safety infor mation, W arranties, and Regulatory informatio n, see the pages behind the index.
2 Agilent T echnologies 1670G-S eries Logi c Analyzers The Agi lent T echnologie s 1670 G-Series is a 150- MHz State/ 500-MHz T iming Logic Analyzer with a VGA resolution color display . The 1670G- Series log ic analyzer has two options available. One option is to add a 2 GSa/s di gitizing oscill oscope.
3 Oscilloscope Fe atures (Op tion) • 500 MHz bandwidth • 2 Gigasample per se cond max sampli ng rate • 32768 samples per channel • Mark er me asure men ts disp lays time between marker s, acqu.
4 In This Book This User ’ s Guide has three sections. Section 1 cover s how to use the 1670G-series logic analyzers. Section 2 covers how to connect, use, and troubleshoot the logic analyzer via a Local Area Network (LAN) connection. Secti on 3 covers the feature s of the Agilent T echnologi es Symbol Utili ty softwar e.
5 Contents Agilent Technologies 167 0G-Series Logic Analyzers In This Book 1 Logic Analyzer Overvie w Agilent T echnologies 1670G- Series Logic Analy zer 26 To make a measurement 2 9 2 Co nnect ing Pe.
6 Contents Using the Analyzer Menus 52 To lab el chan nel gro ups 52 To create a symbol 56 To examin e an analyzer wavefo rm 58 To examin e an analyzer listing 61 To compa re two lis tings 64 The Inve.
Contents 7 Managing M emory 89 To sel ective ly st ore br anch co ndit ions (s tate o nly) 9 0 To set the memory length 91 To plac e the trigge r in memory 93 To s et the samp ling rate s (Ti ming onl.
8 Contents only) 124 To t rigger timing anal ysis o f a co unt-do wn on a set of da ta li nes 125 To mon itor tw o copro cessor s in a t arget system 126 Special Displays 128 To in terleave trace list.
Contents 9 Oscill oscope Com mon Menus 152 Run/Stop o ptions 152 Autosc ale 154 Time base 156 The Scope Channel Menu 157 Offset fi eld 157 Probe field 158 Coupling field 158 Preset field 159 The Scope.
10 Contents The Scope Auto Measure Menu 188 Input fiel d 188 Automati c measureme nts displa y 189 Automati c measureme nt algorit hms 191 8 Using the Pattern Generato r Using the Pattern Gene rator 1.
Contents 11 Loading ASCII Fi les 233 ASCII File Commands 234 ASCDo wn Command 2 34 LABel 235 VECTo r 236 FORMat:xxx 239 Loadin g an ASCII file over a bus (example ) 240 Pattern Generat or Prob ing S y.
12 Contents Disk Drive Op erations 275 Disk oper ations 2 75 Autoload 278 Format 278 Pack 279 Load and Store 28 0 The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centronics Interfaces 282 The GP IB inter face 28 3 The RS-232.
Contents 13 The Analyzer Trigger Me nu 312 Trigge r sequen ce levels 312 Modify Trigge r field 313 Timing tr igger function l ibrary 314 State tr igger functi on librar y 316 Modify ing t he user func.
14 Contents The Compare Menu 344 Refe rence List ing f ield 345 Differ ence L isting fi eld 345 Copy Li stin g to Refer ence fi eld 34 6 Find E rror field 347 Compa re Ful l/Co mpare Partia l field 34.
Contents 15 The Analyzer Hardware 403 1670G-se ries analyze r theory 4 04 Logic acquisition board theory 408 Oscilloscope board theory 4 12 Pattern Generat or bo ard the ory 417 Self-t ests de scri pt.
16 Contents Error Messag es 432 ". . . Inver se Assemb ler Not F ound" 43 2 "No Con figuration File Load ed" 4 32 "Sele cted F ile is Inc omp atible" 4 33 "Slow or M.
Contents 17 Preparin g For Use 455 To ins pect the lo gic analyz er 45 6 To apply power 456 To clean t he logic analyzer 457 To tes t the log ic analyzer 457 Trou blesho oting 4 58 To use the flowchar.
18 Contents 18 Using the LAN ’ s X Window Interface Using the LAN ’ s X Window Inter face 498 To st art the in ter face f rom th e f ront panel 499 To start the inte rface fr om the c ompute r 501.
Contents 19 21 LAN Con cepts LAN Con cepts 530 Direc tory s truc ture o f th e logi c a nalyze r ’ s file sy stem 53 1 Dyna mic fi les 534 LAN- relat ed fields in th e logi c analy zer ’ s menu s .
20 Contents 23 Symbol Utility Intro duction Symbol Utili ty Introduction 566 Equipme nt Requir ed 566 Supporte d Symbol File Form ats 567 Symbo l Utili ty sect ion over view 569 24 Getting Started wit.
Contents 21 The OMF Symb ol File Lo ad Menu 593 OMF File Field 594 Drive Field 594 Label Fie ld 595 Module Fiel d 595 Load Fiel d 596 Current Loaded Fi les Fiel d 597 Section Relocation Option 598 The OMF Sym bol Br owser Menu 600 Symbol Type S election Field (Us er vs.
22 Contents.
23 Section 1 Logic Analyzer.
24.
25 1 Logic Analyzer Ove rview.
26 Logic An alyzer Ov erview Agilent T echnologies 1670G-Ser ies Logic Anal yzer Agilent T echnologies 1670G-Series L ogic Analyzer 1670G-Se ries Logic Anal yzer Front Panel ( oscilloscop e option) Select Key The Select ke y action depends on the type of field cur rently highlight ed.
27 Logic Anal yzer Overview Agilent T echnologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Shift Key The Shift key , which is blue, provides lowercase letters and access to the functions in bl ue on some of the keys. Y ou do not need to hold the shift key down while pressing the other key .
28 Logic An alyzer Ov erview Agilent T echnologies 1670G-Ser ies Logic Anal yzer External T rigge r BNCs The External T rigger BNCs provide the "Port In" and "Por t Out" connections for the Arm In and Arm Out of the T rigger Arming Control menu.
29 Logic Anal yzer Overview Agilent T echnologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer T o m ake a measurem ent For more detai l on any of the information below , see the reference d chapters or the Logic Anal yzer T raining Kit. I f you are using an anal ysis probe with the logic analyz er , some of these steps may not apply .
30 Logic An alyzer Ov erview Agilent T echnologies 1670G-Ser ies Logic Anal yzer Assign pods In the Analyzer Configuration menu, assign the connected pod s to the analyzer yo u want to use. Th e number of pods on your lo gic analyze r depends on the mo del.
31 Logic Anal yzer Overview Agilent T echnologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Set up t rigger Define terms In the Analyzer T rigger menu, define trigger variable s called terms to match specifi c conditions in y our target system. T erms can match patterns, ranges, or edges across multiple labels.
32 Logic An alyzer Ov erview Agilent T echnologies 1670G-Ser ies Logic Anal yzer Run measurement Select s ingle or repe titive From any Anal yzer menu, se lect the field label ed Run in the upper right corner to start measuring, or press the Run key .
33 Logic Anal yzer Overview Agilent T echnologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Vi e w d a t a Search fo r patt erns In both the W aveform and Listing menus you can use symbo ls and markers to search for patterns in your data.
34 Logic An alyzer Ov erview Agilent T echnologies 1670G-Ser ies Logic Anal yzer Make measurements The markers can count occurrences of eve nts, measure durations, and collect statistics, and SP A provides high-level summaries to he lp you identify bott lenecks.
35 2 Connecting Peripherals.
36 Connec ting Per iphera ls Conne cting Peri pher als Connecting Peripherals The 1670G- series logi c analyzers come s with a PS2 mouse . It also provides con nectors for a k eyboard, Centroni cs (parallel) pr inter , and GPIB and RS-232-C de vices.
37 Connect ing Peri pherals Connect ing Per ipheral s T o connect a mouse Agilent T echnologies suppl ies a mouse with the logic analyzer . If you prefer a di fferent style of mous e you can use any PS2 mouse wit h a standard PS2 DIN inte rface. 1 Plug the mous e into the mouse connector on the back pane l.
38 Connec ting Per iphera ls Conne cting Peri pher als T o connect a keybo ard Y ou can use either the Ag ilent-recommended keyboard, E24 27B, or any other keyboard with a standard DIN connector . 1 Plug the keyboard i nto the keyboard connector on th e back panel.
39 Connect ing Peri pherals Connect ing Per ipheral s T o c onnect to an GPIB printer Printers connected to the logic analyzer over GPIB must support GPIB and Listen Always. When controlling a printer , t he analyzer ’ s GPIB port does not respond to service requests (SRQ), so the SRQ enable setting does not have any effect on prin ter operation.
40 Connec ting Per iphera ls Conne cting Peri pher als 4 Go to the Sys tem External I/O menu and configure the analyzer ’ s printer settings. a If the analyzer is not already set to GPIB, select the field under Connected T o: in the Printer box an d choose GPIB from the menu.
41 Connect ing Peri pherals Connect ing Per ipheral s T o connect to an RS- 232-C printer 1 T u rn off the an alyzer and the printer , and connect a nul l-modem RS-232-C cable from the p rinter to the RS-232-C conn ector on the analyzer rear panel.
42 Connec ting Per iphera ls Conne cting Peri pher als d If the defaul t print width and p age length are not what you want, select the fields to toggle them. If you select 1 32 characters per line when us ing a printer other than Qu ietJet, the listings are p rinted in a comp ressed mode.
43 Connect ing Peri pherals Connect ing Per ipheral s T o connec t to a pa ralle l prin ter 1 T u rn off the an alyzer and the printer , and connect a parallel printer cable from the printer to the parallel prin ter connector on the analyzer rear panel.
44 Connec ting Per iphera ls Conne cting Peri pher als T o c onnect to a controller Y ou can control the 1670G-series logic analyzer with another instrumen t, such as a computer r unning a progr am with embed ded analyzer commands. The st eps below outline the general procedure for connecting to a controller usin g GPIB or RS-232-C.
45 3 Using the Logic Analyze r.
46 Usin g the Lo gic A nalyz er Using th e Logic Analyzer Using the Logic Analyzer This chapter shows you how to perform the basic tasks necessar y to make a measurement. Each section us es an example to show how the task fits into the overall goal of making a measurement.
47 Using the Logi c Analyze r Accessing the Men us Accessing the Menus When you power up the log ic analyzer , the first screen aft er the system tests is the Analyzer Configuration menu. Menus are identifie d by two fields in the upper left corne r .
48 Usin g the Lo gic A nalyz er Accessin g the Menus T o a ccess the System menus The System me nus allow you to perfor m operations that aff ect the entire logic analyzer , such a s load configurations, change colors, and perform system diagnostics. 1 Select the mode field.
49 Using the Logi c Analyze r Accessing the Men us • Hard Disk allows you to perfor m fi le ope rations on th e hard disk . • Flexi ble Disk all ows you to perform fi le operat ions on th e flexibl e disk.
50 Usin g the Lo gic A nalyz er Accessin g the Menus T o a ccess the Anal yzer menus The Analyzer menus allow yo u to control the analyzer to make your measurement, perfo rm operations on the data, and view the re sults on the display . 1 Select the mode field.
51 Using the Logi c Analyze r Accessing the Men us • Mixed Display alway s appear s in t he men u list w hen an analy zer is s et to State or T iming , but it require s a State a nalyze r with ti me tags e nable d. • W avefor m is availa ble when an a nalyzer is se t to Stat e or T imin g.
52 Usin g the Lo gic A nalyz er Using th e Analyz er Menu s Using the Analyzer Menus The follo wing examples show how to use some of the Anal yzer me nus to confi gure the logi c analyzer for measurement s.
53 Using the Logi c Analyze r Using the Anal yzer Menus T o create or mo dify a label and assi gn channel grou ps, use the following proc edure. 1 Press the Format key to go to the Format menu. 2 Select a label under the Labels heading. In th e pop-up menu , select Modify La bel .
54 Usin g the Lo gic A nalyz er Using th e Analyz er Menu s channel is not p art of the cur rent group..
55 Using the Logi c Analyze r Using the Anal yzer Menus 5 T oggle the channel ’ s group s tatus b y pressing Sele ct . The indicator changes and the selector moves to the next ch annel.
56 Usin g the Lo gic A nalyz er Using th e Analyz er Menu s T o c reate a symbol Symbols are alphanumeri c mnemonics that represent specific data patterns or rang es. When you define a symbol and set the base type to Symbol in the Listing menu, the symbol is disp layed in the data listing where the bit pattern wo uld normally be di splayed.
57 Using the Logi c Analyze r Using the Anal yzer Menus 5 If additional Symbols are needed, repeat step 4 u ntil you have added all symbols. In this example, three symbo ls are added: MEM RD, MEM WR, and DA T A RD. 6 T oggle the Ty p e f ield to "range" or "pattern".
58 Usin g the Lo gic A nalyz er Using th e Analyz er Menu s T o e xamine an anal yzer waveform The Analyzer W aveform menu lets you view state or timing data in a format similar to an oscilloscope display . The horizontal axis repr esents states (in state mode) or tim e (in timing mode ) and the vertical axis represent s logic highs and lows.
59 Using the Logi c Analyze r Using the Anal yzer Menus 5 T o scroll through waveforms, select the large rectangle below the Div field and u se the knob. The roll indi cator appears at the top of the rectangl e and the name of the first waveform is highlighted.
60 Usin g the Lo gic A nalyz er Using th e Analyz er Menu s Examp le The following example shows a state waveform from the Agilent T echnologies analysi s probe for the Motorola 6 8360.
61 Using the Logi c Analyze r Using the Anal yzer Menus T o e xamine an anal yzer listing The Analyzer Listing menu di splays state or timing data as patt erns (states). T he Listing menu uses any of several formats to display the data such as binary , ASCII, or symbols.
62 Usin g the Lo gic A nalyz er Using th e Analyz er Menu s 4 T o scroll the data, use the Page keys or select the data roll field and use the k nob. If yo u se lec t the d ata r oll field , th e ro ll ind ica tor move s to it. No mat ter which field is currently controlled by the kn ob, however , the Page keys page the data up or down.
63 Using the Logi c Analyze r Using the Anal yzer Menus Exam ple The following illustration shows a listing from the Agilent T echnologies analysis probe for the Moto rola 68 360. Th e ADDR label has the base s et to Hex to conserve space on the display .
64 Usin g the Lo gic A nalyz er Using th e Analyz er Menu s T o c ompare two listings The Compare menu allows you to take two state analyzer acquisitions and compare the m to find th e differences.
65 Using the Logi c Analyze r Using the Anal yzer Menus The Difference listing displ ays the states that ar e identical in dar k typeface, and the states that are different in light typeface (indistinguishable in the above illustr ation).
66 Usin g the Lo gic A nalyz er The Inverse Assembler The Inverse Assembler When the analyzer captures a trace, it capture s binary information. Th e analyzer can then present this infor mation in symbol, bin ary , octal, decimal, hexadeci mal, or ASCII.
67 Using the Logi c Analyze r The Inverse Assembler The particular sequences that each label requires de pends on the type of chip the inverse assemble r was designed for . Because of this, inverse assemblers cannot g enerally be transfe rred between platfor ms.
68 Usin g the Lo gic A nalyz er The Inverse Assembler If you roll the trace list to a new po sition and press Invasm again, the inverse assemble r repeats the above process. However , it does not work backward in the trace list from the starting position.
69 4 Using the T rigge r Menu.
70 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Using the T rig ger Menu Using the T rigger Menu T o use the logic analyzer efficie ntly , you need to be able to set up your own triggers. This chapter pro vides examples of triggeri ng. Those examples assume y ou already kn ow where to find fields in t he trigger menu.
71 Using the T rigger Menu Specifying a Basic T r igger Specifying a Basic T rigger The default analy zer triggers are While storing "anystate" TRIGGER on "a" occuring 1 time Store "anystate" for state analyzers and TRIGGER on "a" > 8 ns for timing analyzers.
72 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Specif ying a Basic T rigger T o a ssign terms to an analy zer When you tur n the logi c analyzer on, Analyzer 1 i s named Machine 1 and Analyzer 2 is off. Because trigge r terms can only be used by one analyzer at a time, all the terms are assigned to Analyzer 1.
73 Using the T rigger Menu Specifying a Basic T r igger 4 T o change a term assignment, select the term field. The term fields toggle from one section to the other . Y ou can get all your terms assigned at once, or just change a few to meet immedi ate needs.
74 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Specif ying a Basic T rigger T o define a term Both default triggers trigger on term "a ". If you only n eed to look for t he occurrence of a certain state, such as a write to protected memory , then you only need to define term "a" to make the measurement you want.
75 Using the T rigger Menu Specifying a Basic T r igger T o c hange the trigg er spe cification Most trigger s use terms other than "a." Even a simple trigger might use additional terms to set condi tions on t he actual tri gger . T o use these terms, you must include t hem in the tri gger sequence speci fication.
76 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Specif ying a Basic T rigger 4 Select Done until you are back at the T rigger menu. T erm Selection Po p-up Menu.
77 Using the T rigger Menu Changi ng the T rigger Sequ ence Changing the T rigger Se quence Most measu rements require more compl icated trigger s to better fil ter information .
78 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Changi ng the T rigger Sequ ence T o add sequence lev els Y ou can add sequence level s anywhere except after the final one. 1 In the T rigger menu, select the number besid e the sequence level just after where you want to in sert.
79 Using the T rigger Menu Changi ng the T rigger Sequ ence 5 Fill in the fields and select Don e . Sequen ce Le vel Po p-up M enu.
80 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Changi ng the T rigger Sequ ence T o c hange trigger functi ons Y ou do not need to add and delete levels just to change a l evel ’ s trigger function. This can be done from within the Sequence L evel pop-up. 1 From the T rigger menu, select the sequence level numb er of the sequence level you want to m odify .
81 Using the T rigger Menu Setti ng Up T ime Co rrelat ion between Analyzers Setting Up T ime Correlation between Analyzers There are two possible combinations of analyzers: state and state, and state and timing .
82 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Setting Up T ime Correlation between Ana lyzers T o set up time cor relation between two state analyzers T o correlate the data betwe en two state analyzers, both must have Count T ime turned on in their T rigger menus.
83 Using the T rigger Menu Setti ng Up T ime Co rrelat ion between Analyzers T o set up ti me correlation between a timi ng and a state analyz er T o set up time correlation between a timing an d a state analyzer , only the state analyzer needs to have Count T ime turned on.
84 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Arm ing an d A dditi ona l Ins trum ents Arming and Additional Instruments Occasionally you may n eed to start the analyzer acquiring data when another instrum ent detects a problem. Or , you may want to have the analyzer itsel f arm another measuring tool.
85 Using the T rigger Menu Arming and Addition al Instruments T o a rm the oscilloscope with the anal yzer (1670G-seri es logic analy zers with the oscill oscope option) If both analyzer and the oscilloscope are turned on, you can configur e one analyzer to arm the other analyzer and the oscilloscope.
86 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Arm ing an d A dditi ona l Ins trum ents Examp le In this example ST A TE MACH triggers f rom Group Run, then arms TIME MACH and Scope. T o duplicate this, set ST A TE MACH to run from Group Run, TIME MACH to run from ST A TE MACH, and Scope Arm In to Analyzer .
87 Using the T rigger Menu Arming and Addition al Instruments T o r eceive an ar m signal from another instru ment When you set the analyzer to wait for an arm signal, it does not react to data that would normally trigger it until after it has re ceived the arm signal.
88 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Arm ing an d A dditi ona l Ins trum ents 4 T o change the defaul t settings, select the analyzer fi eld. A small pop-up menu app ears. T o change which device the anal yzer is receiving its arm si gnal from, select the Run from field.
89 Using the T rigger Menu Ma nagi ng M emory Managing Memory Sometimes y ou will need e very last bit of memory y ou can get o n the logic analyzer . There are three simple ways to maximize memory wh.
90 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Managi ng Memory T o selectively store branch conditions (state only) Besides setting up yo ur trigger l evels to store any state, no state, or some subset of states, yo u can also choose whether or not to store branch conditions.
91 Using the T rigger Menu Ma nagi ng M emory T o set the memory length The 1670G- series logi c analyzer ’ s memo ry length can be adjusted. The table on t he followi ng page shows the am ount of memory available for different mo des of operation.
92 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Managi ng Memory 3 Select Done to exit the Acquisition Control men u. 1 W ith tags turned off or non-inter leaved tags. T ags are non-interleaved if there is an unassigned pod pair or a pod pair assigned to an analyzer that is turned off.
93 Using the T rigger Menu Ma nagi ng M emory T o pl ace the trig ger in memory In Automatic Acquis ition Mode, the exact locati on of the trigger depends on the trigger specifi cation but usually falls around the center . Y ou can manually place it at the beginning, end, o r anywhere else .
94 Usin g the T rig ger M enu Managi ng Memory T o set the sampling rates (T iming only) A timing analyzer samples the data based on its own internal clock. A short sample period pro vides more detail about the device under test; a long sample per iod allows more time bef ore memory is full .
95 5 T riggeri ng Examples.
96 T riggering Examples T r igge rin g Exam ples T riggering Examples As you begin to understand a proble m in your sy stem, you may realize that certain conditions must occur before the problem occurs.
97 T rigger ing Exam ples Singl e-Machine T rigger Exa mples Single-Machine T rigger Examples The following examples requi re only a si ngle analyzer to mak e measurements. S equence specificati ons are given in t he form you see within the sequence l evels, but the illustratio ns show the complete, multi-level sequence specification.
98 T riggering Examples Single -Machin e T rigger Examples T o store and time the execution of a subroutine Most system software of any kind is composed of a hierarchy of functions and procedures.
99 T rigger ing Exam ples Singl e-Machine T rigger Exa mples The figure below shows what you would see on your analyzer screen after enter ing the sequence specif ication given in step 4. T rigger S etup for Stor ing and T iming Execution of a Subroutine Suppose you want to tri gger on entry to a rou tine called MY _SUB.
100 T riggering Examples Single -Machin e T rigger Examples T o trigger on the nth iterati on of a loop T raditional debuggin g requires pri nt statements around the area of interest. This is not possible in most embedded systems designs, but the analyze r lets you view the system ’ s behavior when a particular event occurs.
101 T rigger ing Exam ples Singl e-Machine T rigger Exa mples The specification has some advantages and a potential problem. • The adv antag es are th at a pipel ined pro cesso r won't tr igger until it has exec uted the lo op 10 ti mes.
102 T riggering Examples Single -Machin e T rigger Examples T o tr igger on the nth recursiv e call of a recurs ive func tion 1 Go to the state analyzer ’ s T rigger menu. 2 Define the terms CALL_AD D, F_ST ART , and F_END t o represent the called add ress of the recursive f unction, and the start and end ad dresses of th e function.
103 T rigger ing Exam ples Singl e-Machine T rigger Exa mples 5 Insert another sequ ence level before the cu rrent one. Select the User Level function and en ter the following specification : • Whil e stori ng "n o state" Find "F_EN D" occu rs "1 " Else o n "no sta te" go to leve l 1.
104 T riggering Examples Single -Machin e T rigger Examples T o trigger on entry to a function This sequence triggers on entry to a function only when it is called by one particular function. 1 Go to the state analyzer ’ s T rigger menu. 2 Define the terms F1_ST ART and F1_END to represent the start and end address es of the calling fun ction.
105 T rigger ing Exam ples Singl e-Machine T rigger Exa mples The specificatio n also stores all executio n inside function F1, whether or not F2 was calle d.
106 T riggering Examples Single -Machin e T rigger Examples T o capture a write of known bad data to a particular va riable The trigger specification ANDs the bad data on the data bus, the write transaction on the status bus, and the address of the variable on the address bus.
107 T rigger ing Exam ples Singl e-Machine T rigger Exa mples T o tr igger on a loop that occasionally runs too long This example assu mes the loop norm ally executes in 14 ms .
108 T riggering Examples Single -Machin e T rigger Examples T o v erify correct return from a function cal l The exit code for a function wi ll often contain instructions fo r deallocating stack storage for l ocal variables and restoring r egisters that were saved durin g the function call.
109 T rigger ing Exam ples Singl e-Machine T rigger Exa mples T o trigg er af ter a ll statu s bu s line s finis h transitionin g In some appl ications, you wil l want to trigger a measurement when a particular pattern has become stable.
110 T riggering Examples Single -Machin e T rigger Examples T o fi nd the nth assert ion of a chip selec t line 1 Go to the timing analyzer ’ s T rigger menu.
111 T rigger ing Exam ples Singl e-Machine T rigger Exa mples T o v erify that the chip se lect li ne is strobed after the address is stable 1 Go to the timing analyzer ’ s T rigger menu. 2 Define a term called ADDRESS to represent the addres s in question and the E dge1 term to represent the ass erting transition on the chip select line.
112 T riggering Examples Single -Machin e T rigger Examples T o trigger w hen expected data does not a ppear when requ est ed 1 Go to the timing analyzer ’ s T rigger menu.
113 T rigger ing Exam ples Singl e-Machine T rigger Exa mples This sequence speci fication causes the analyz er to tri gger when the data does not occur in 16 ms or less. If it do es occur within 16 ms, the sequence restarts. Spe cifications of this type are useful in findi ng intermi ttent problems.
114 T riggering Examples Single -Machin e T rigger Examples T o test minimum and maximum pulse limits 1 Go to the timing analyzer ’ s T rigger menu. 2 Define the Edge1 term to represent the positive-going transition, and define the Edge2 term to represent the negative-going transition on the line with the pulse to be tested.
115 T rigger ing Exam ples Singl e-Machine T rigger Exa mples Because both timers start when entering sequence level 2, they start as soon as t he positive edge of the pulse occurs.
116 T riggering Examples Single -Machin e T rigger Examples T o de tect a handshake violation 1 Go to the timing analyzer ’ s T rigger menu. 2 Define the Edge1 term to repres ent either transition on the f irst handshake l ine, and the Edge2 term to represent either transition on th e second handshake l ine.
117 T rigger ing Exam ples Singl e-Machine T rigger Exa mples T o detect bus contention In this setup, the trigger occurs only if both devices assert t heir bus transfer acknowl edge lines at the same time. 1 Go to the timing analyzer ’ s T rigger menu.
118 T riggering Examples Cross-Armi ng T rigger Exa mples Cross-Arming T rigger Examples The follo wing examples use cr oss arming to coordinate measur ements between two sep arate analyzers within the logic an alyzer or between analyzers and the oscilloscope.
119 T rigger ing Exam ples Cross-Armi ng T rigger Exa mples T o e xamine software execution wh en a timing violation occu rs The timing an alyzer tri ggers when the t iming violat ion occurs. When it trigger s, it also set s its "arm" l evel to true .
120 T riggering Examples Cross-Armi ng T rigger Exa mples 6 Under State Sequen ce Levels, enter the following sequence specification: • Whil e sto ring " anys tate" TRIG GER o n "a rm.
121 T rigger ing Exam ples Cross-Armi ng T rigger Exa mples T o look at control an d status signals duri ng executio n of a routine The state analyze r will trigge r on the start of the ro utine whose contro l and status signals are to be examined more frequently than once per bus cycle.
122 T riggering Examples Cross-Armi ng T rigger Exa mples T o de tect a glitch The following setup uses a state analyzer to captur e state flow occurring at the time of th e glitch. This can be useful in troubleshooting. Fo r example, yo u might find that the g litch is ground bounce caused by a number of simultaneous signal transitions.
123 T rigger ing Exam ples Cross-Armi ng T rigger Exa mples T o c apture the waveform of a glit ch using the oscill oscope (oscillo scope option only) The following setup uses th e triggering capabi lity of the timing analyzer and the acquisition capability of the oscilloscope.
124 T riggering Examples Cross-Armi ng T rigger Exa mples T o v iew your targ et system processing an interrupt (oscilloscope option only) Use the oscilloscope to trigger on the asynchronous interrupt reque st. 1 Go to the state analyzer ’ s T rigger menu, and set the analyzer to trigger on any state and store any state.
125 T rigger ing Exam ples Cross-Armi ng T rigger Exa mples T o trigger timing analysis of a count- down on a set of data lines Y our target system may include various state machines that are started by system events such as interrupt processing or I/O activity .
126 T riggering Examples Cross-Armi ng T rigger Exa mples T o m onitor two coproc essors in a target system Debugging coprocessor systems can be a complex task.
127 T rigger ing Exam ples Cross-Armi ng T rigger Exa mples 7 Check that the second analyzer is triggering on ar m and that Count T ime is set. After the measurement is com plete, you can interleave the trace lists of both state analyzers to see the activity executed by both coprocessors during rel ated clock cy cles.
128 T riggering Examples Special Display s Special D isplays Interl eaved trace lists Interleaved trace l ists allow you to view data captured by two analyzers in a single display . When you inter leave the traces, you see each stat e that was captured by each analyzer .
129 T rigger ing Exam ples Special Display s T o i nterleave trace lists 1 Set up both analyz ers as state analyzers. 2 Go to the T rigger menu of the first analyzer .
130 T riggering Examples Special Display s 8 Select the name of the oth er analyzer and the label to interleave. Interleaved data is di splayed in a light shade.
131 T rigger ing Exam ples Special Display s T o vi ew trace lists and waveforms on the same display 1 Set up a timing and a state analyzer . 2 Go to the state analyzer ’ s T rigger menu. 3 Set Count to Ti m e , and set up the trigger as appro priate.
132 T riggering Examples Special Display s Y ou cannot view state analyzer data i n the waveform display . However , you can view timing analyze r data and oscilloscope data simultaneously . Y ou can also position X and O T ime markers on the waveform display .
133 6 File Ma nageme nt.
134 File M anagement File Ma nagemen t File Management Being able to transfe r data to a host computer , such as a PC or UNIX workstation, can enhance the logic analyzer in many ways. Y ou can use the host to store configur ation files or measurement resu lts for later review .
135 File Manage ment T ra nsferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive T ransferring Files Usin g the Flexible Disk Drive Because the fl exible disk dri ve on the 1670G -series logic analy zers will .
136 File M anagement T ra nsferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive T o save a conf igurat ion Y ou can save configurations on a 3.5-inch disk or on the internal hard disk for later use. This i s especially useful for automating repetitive measurements for producti on testing.
137 File Manage ment T ra nsferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive Saving th e System Configura tion for Progra mmatic Control.
138 File M anagement T ra nsferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive T o l oad a confi guration Y ou can quickly load a previou sly saved configuration, so that you will not have to manual ly set up the measur ement parame ters. 1 Go to the System Hard Disk or System Flex ible Disk menu.
139 File Manage ment T ra nsferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive 5 Select Execute. Loading Syst em Configurati on for Progra mmatic Control.
140 File M anagement T ra nsferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive T o sav e a trace li st in ASCII format Some screens, such as file lists and trace lists, contain columns of ASCII data that you may want to move to a computer for further manipulation or analysis.
141 File Manage ment T ra nsferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive T o save a s creen’ s image Y ou can save menus and measurements to disk in one of four different graphical formats. 1 Insert a formatted f lexible disk in the f lexible disk dri ve.
142 File M anagement T ra nsferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive 6 Select Flexible Disk fr om the Output Dis k menu, then select Exec ute . Print Disk Menu T o lo ad additional software Y ou can enhance the power of your 1 670G-series l ogic analyzer by installing software such as symbol utilities.
143 File Manage ment T ransferring Files Using th e LAN T ransferring Files Usin g the LAN The 1670G-serie s logic analyzers come equipped with a LAN interf ace. Y ou can transfer information from the l ogic analyzer to a computer for processing o r storage over the LAN wit hout ever copyin g a file to disk .
144 File M anagement T ransferring Files Using the LAN T o transfer files using ftp 1 Check that your network package include ftp, and connect your logic analyzer to the LAN. See the LAN section of this User ’ s Guide on page 476 for instructions. 2 From the computer you want to transfer the files to or from , establish an f tp connection.
145 7 Using the Oscilloscope.
146 Usin g the Os cill osco pe Using the Oscilloscope Using the Oscilloscope This chapter covers the oscilloscope common menus and calibration. This chapter covers: • Calibr ating t he osc illosco p.
147 Usin g the Os cill osco pe Calib ratin g th e o scil losco pe Calibrating the oscilloscope Equipme nt Requi red Calibration PROTECT/UNPROTECT switch The 1670G-series logi c analyzers have a cal ibration PROTECT/UNPROTECT switch on the back panel.
148 Usin g the Os cill osco pe Calibrating the osci lloscope Load the defaul t calibration facto rs Note that once the default calibration factors ar e loaded, all calibration s must be done. Th is includes all o f the calibrations in the Self Cal menu.
149 Usin g the Os cill osco pe Calib ratin g th e o scil losco pe Self Cal menu calibrati ons Messages will be displayed as each calibr ation routine is completed to indicate calibration has passed or failed. The resultin g calibration factors are automatically stored to nonvolatile RAM at the conclusion of each calibration r outine.
150 Usin g the Os cill osco pe Calibrating the osci lloscope 2 Optimize Delay o f the Self Cal. a Obtain a BNC 50-W , 48-inch cable. Once you select Start , the instrument wil l prompt you to connect the cable to the appropriate location o n the rear panel of the in strument.
151 Usin g the Os cill osco pe Calib ratin g th e o scil losco pe 4 Calibrate the Logic T rigger of the Self Cal. a Obtain a BNC 50-W , 48-inch cabl e. b Select Start . The instrumen t will prompt you to con nect the cable to the approp riate location on the rear panel of the instrumen t.
152 Usin g the Os cill osco pe Oscil losc ope Com mon M enu s Oscilloscope Common Menus The following options apply to all of the oscil loscope menus. Run/St op options There are three ways yo u can manually run and stop the o scilloscope: the Autoscale menu, the Run and Stop keys, and the Run/Sto p field.
153 Usin g the Os cill osco pe Oscilloscop e Common M enus If you have bee n using the Run fiel d to initiate your runs, the oscilloscop e will run in the mode (singl e or repetitive) that was l ast chosen using the Run options. If no run mode has been cho sen prior to choosing autoscal e, the run mode def aults to single mode.
154 Usin g the Os cill osco pe Oscil losc ope Com mon M enu s Autoscale Autoscale is an algorithm that automatically optimizes the display of one or more wavefo rms. When you se lect the Autoscale f ield and choose Continue, the autoscale algorithm starts.
155 Usin g the Os cill osco pe Oscilloscop e Common M enus Displaying the waveform. When the autoscale algorithm is complete, the oscilloscope automaticall y starts running, acquir es the data, and displays wavefo rms for the inputs that have been selected.
156 Usin g the Os cill osco pe Oscil losc ope Com mon M enu s Ti m e b a s e The s/Di v and Delay fiel ds are displayed o n all of the o scilloscope menus, except for the Calibration me nu. s/Div field The s/Di v field allows y ou to set the sweep speed (time scal e) on the horizontal axis of the display from 500 ps/d iv to 5 sec/div .
157 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Scop e Chann el Menu The Scope Channel Menu The Channel menu sele cts the channel inp ut and the values that control the ve rtical sensitivity , offset, probe attenuatio n factor , input impedance, and coupling.
158 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sco pe Chan nel Me nu Probe field Y ou use the Probe field to set the probe atten uation factor for the input channel currently displayed in the Input field. Probe atte nuation fact or The prob e attenuat ion fact or can be set fr om 1:1 t o 1000:1 in increments of one.
159 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Scop e Chann el Menu Pres et fi eld When you select the Preset field, a pop-up appears, offering choices of TTL, ECL, an d User . The Preset fi eld automatical ly sets offse t, V/div , and trigg er level values to pr operly display TTL and ECL lo gic levels.
160 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope D isplay Menu The Scope Display Menu The Display o ptions control how the oscillo scope acquires and displays waveforms. Mode field The Mode fi eld provides thr ee selections: N ormal, A verage, or Accumulate.
161 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sco pe Di splay Menu If you start re petitive run, th e oscilloscope acquire s and displays data, averaging each r un with the preceding set accumulated since you selected repetitive run.
162 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope D isplay Menu Connect Dots field The oscillosco pe display can be enhanced to show a better picture of a waveform by using the Connect Dots On / Off.
163 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sco pe Di splay Menu Display Options field The Display Options field allows you to display either sampl e period information or marker value information on the oscillo scope menus, and also provides acce ss to the scope channel labeli ng menu.
164 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope T rigger Menu The Scope T rigger Menu The Scope T rigger menu allows you to ch oose the method you want t o use to tr igger the oscil loscope for a particular applicat ion. T rigger mar ker The trigger marker is the dotted vertical line at th e center of the waveform displ ay .
165 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope T rig ger Menu Edge tri gger mode In the edg e trigger mo de, the oscillo scope trig gers at a specified voltage level on a rising o r falling edg e of one of the i nput channels.
166 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope T rigger Menu The default con dition for all patterns is X, "do n ’ t care." T o change the pattern, select the Channel /Pattern field and use the pop-up menu. A pattern of XX says to use NO channels to find the trig ger .
167 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope T rig ger Menu Level field The Level field shows th e voltage valu e of the tri gger level. When the voltage value o n the trigge r source input wavefo rm equals the t rigger level voltage value, the oscilloscope triggers.
168 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope T rigger Menu Since the tr igger level range is limi ted by the voltage values displayed in the waveform windo w , the voltage window limits can be easily determi ned. T urn the knob in both directions until the Level field reads minimum and maximum voltage.
169 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope T rig ger Menu Source field When you select the S ource field, a pop-up menu appears showing the inputs available as the tr igger source. The source can be channel 1 or channel 2. At power -up, the default channel input selection for the Source field is the lowest number ed input channel.
170 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope T rigger Menu Count fiel d The Count field defines the number of trigger events that must occur after the f irst trigger qualifier befo re the oscillo scope will trigg er and acquire a wavefor m.
171 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope T rig ger Menu Auto-T rig field The Auto-T rig field allows yo u to specify whet her or not the acquisitions should wait for the specified tr igger condition t o occur . When you se lect the Auto-T rig field, the field toggles between On and Off.
172 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope T rigger Menu When fi eld The When field app ears only when Pattern mode is selected. When y ou select this field, a pop-up me nu appears that lets you specify the trigger When condit ion.
173 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope T rig ger Menu The pattern duratio n time can be any value between 20 ns and 16 0 ms in 10 ns step s. If the co unt set in the C ount field is o ne, the tri gger event will be the first pattern event that meets both the pattern specification and the duration specifi cation.
174 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope T rigger Menu If the co unt set in the C ount field is one, the tri gger event will be the first pattern event that meets both the pattern specification and the duration specifi cation. If the count i s greater than one, only the fir st pattern event must meet the duration specification.
175 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope T rig ger Menu If the co unt set in the C ount field is o ne, the tri gger event will be the first pattern event that meets both the pattern specification and the duration specifi cation. If the count i s greater than one , only the fir st pattern event must meet the duration specification.
176 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Scope M arker M enu The Scope Marker Menu The oscilloscope has two sets of markers that allow you to make time and voltage measurements. Th ese measurements can be made either manually (vo ltage and time markers) o r automaticall y (time mark ers only).
177 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sco pe Mark er Menu T rig to X and T rig to O fiel ds The tri gger point is al ways T ime 0. Resolut ion for T rig to X and T rig to O time value s is 2% of the sweep speed(s/Div) setting. The defaul t value for th ese fields i s 0 s, the trigger point.
178 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Scope M arker M enu The Marker V alue display consists of two blocks. One contains settings for the voltage markers, the second contains settings for the time markers. If only one set of marker s is turned on, only one o f the two blocks wi ll appear on the screen.
179 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sco pe Mark er Menu Automatic time markers options When you se lect the T Markers fie ld, a pop-up menu appears. When you choose the Auto field in the po p-up a pop-up menu for automa tic time ma rker me asurem ents is disp layed.
180 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Scope M arker M enu Set on field The Set on field assigns an input w aveform to the Tx or T o marker , or allows the mar ker to be set manually (with the MANUAL selection in the pop-up). When you sel ect the Set on field, a pop-up appear s showing the waveform sources available.
181 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sco pe Mark er Menu Slope field The Slope field sets t he Tx or T o marker on either t he positive o r negative ed ge of the select ed occurrence of a waveform. When you select the Slope fiel d, the slope toggles between Positi ve and Negative.
182 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Scope M arker M enu Of f When Statistics is set to Off, the Tx to T o, T rig to X, and T rig to O fields appear next to the T Markers fiel d on the Marker menu.
183 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sco pe Mark er Menu When you select L ess Than, the oscill oscope runs until the T x-T o time interval i s less than the value en tered for the Less Than time field. When the condi tion is me t, the oscillosco pe stops making acquisitions and displays the message "Stop condition satisfied.
184 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Scope M arker M enu Manual/Automatic T ime Markers option The manual/automatic combination allows you to have one time marker set to automatic mode and one tim e marker set to be contro lled manually with the k nob.
185 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sco pe Mark er Menu V oltage Markers options When you select the V Markers field o n the display , a pop-up menu appears. When you select the On field in the pop-up to turn V oltage Markers On, yo u can manually m ove the V a and Vb mark ers to make voltage measurements.
186 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Scope M arker M enu Overlay and waveform math traces cannot be se lected for voltage marker placement. The Vb On f ield wor ks similarly . Va Vo l t s f i e l d The V a marker is shown on the waveform di splay as a horizontal dashed line.
187 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sco pe Mark er Menu Selecting one of the possible ti me markers for centering the waveform data will cause the timebase del ay value to be changed such that the selected ma rker is posit ioned at the ce nter of the screen .
188 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope Auto Me asure Menu The Scope Auto Measure Menu One of the primary features of the oscilloscope is its ability to make parametri c measurement s on displayed wavef orms.
189 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope Auto Me asure Menu Automatic measurements displ ay The large f ield in the middle row of the men u is called the automatic measurements display . This display shows the nine automatic measurements and their values.
190 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope Auto Me asure Menu Criteria used for making automatic measurements If more than one wavefo rm, edge, o r pulse is displ ayed, the measurements are m ade on the first (leftmost) por tion of the displ ayed waveform that can be used.
191 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope Auto Me asure Menu Automatic measurement algorithms The following explains top and base voltages, then defi nes the measurement alg orithms. T op and base voltag es All measurem ents except Vp_p ar e calculated using t he Vtop (10 0% voltage) and Vbase ( 0% voltage) level s of the displ ayed waveform.
192 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope Auto Me asure Menu Measurem ent alg orithm s Frequency (Freq). The frequency o f the first complete cycl e displayed is m easured using the 50% l evels. If the fi rst edge on t he display is r ising, then Freq = If the first edg e on the display is falling, then Freq = Period.
193 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope Auto Me asure Menu Positive Pulse W idth (+Wi dth). Pulse width is measured at the 50% voltage level. If the fi rst edge on t he display is r ising, then +W i.
194 Usin g the Os cill osco pe The Sc ope Auto Me asure Menu Preshoot and Over shoot . Preshoot and Overshoot measure the perturbation on a waveform above or below the top and base voltages (see the "T op and Base V oltages" sectio n earlier i n this chapte r).
195 8 Using the Pattern Generator.
196 Using the Pattern Generato r Using th e Patte rn Generat or Using the Patter n Generat or This chapter provides instructions for using the pattern generator to generate vectors and patterns for design and test environmen ts. It also covers the pattern g enerator common menus, loading ASCII files, an d the pattern ge nerator probing system.
197 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Setting Up the Pr oper Configur ations Setting Up the Proper Configurations This section discusses setting up the configuratio n attributes and parameters o f the pattern generator .
198 Using the Pattern Generato r Setting Up the Pro per Configura tions 4 Set the Clock Out Delay if a delay is needed. Setting a delay is useful when using the clock out edge as a read strobe. If you do not set the Clock O ut Delay , the value is uncalibrated.
199 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Setting Up the Pr oper Configur ations T o build a label When you bui ld a label, you are grouping channels under a label name and mapping the selected ch annels to the probes on the associ ated pods.
200 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns Building T est V ectors and Functions Once the pattern ge nerator is conf igured, you will want to build programs to use in your test system. Y ou build programs in the Sequence menu.
201 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions T o buil d a main vector seq uence During a si ngle run, the pr ogram vectors in the MAIN SEQUENCE are output to the system under test in an or der of fir st vector to la st vector .
202 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns T o buil d an initialization seq uence Use the INIT SEQUENCE to place the system under test into a known initialization state. Default start and end program vectors are marked INIT SEQUENCE ST ART and INIT S EQUENCE END.
203 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions T o e dit a main or initializa tion sequence 1 Using the knob, h ighlight the vector you want to edit. 2 Select the data field you want to ed it. 3 Select the new instru ction or change the data value .
204 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns T o i nclude hardware instructions in a sequence The following hardware instructi on types are available: • Break • Signal IMB • W a it E vent • If Event 1 Highlight the vector that you want to outp ut as a hardware instructio n.
205 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions T o i nclude softwa re instructions in a se quence The following software instructions ar e available: • User Macro • Repeat Loop If you are inse rting a User M acro and have not y et built the functio n, go to "T o build a user macro" later in this chapter .
206 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns T o i nclude a user m acro in a sequence If you have user macros, you can include them in the vector sequence using the following pr ocedure. (If you have not yet built user macros, turn to "T o build a user macro" to build needed functions.
207 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions T o buil d a user macro Build functions for se quences of vectors y ou will want to use in multiple places.
208 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns T o m odify a function name If you re name a function, the new function name will be displayed in INIT and MAIN seque nces where the function has been used. 1 Select the function to be renamed f rom the list of fun ctions.
209 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions T o add, delete, or rename parameters Parameters are set when they are inse rted into MAI N or INIT sequences. The chang es you make in the parameter l ist will appear every place in the INI T or MAIN sequences in which you have used that function.
210 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns T o pl ace parameters in a vector Once parameter s are added to the parameter list, yo u insert them into data fields in fu nction vectors. 1 From the User Macro m enu, select the des ired data field in a vector .
211 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions T o e nter or modify parameters Each time you include a function in an i nitialization or main sequence, you should enter the parameters for that particular instance. T o enter or modify fu nction parame ters, use the f ollowing pro cedure.
212 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns T o build a User Symbol T able Y ou may want to build a symbol table to make inserting value s into your program easier . Y o u can name a symbol for one value in a label and insert that symbol int o your vector sequence where you ne ed it.
213 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions T o i nclude sy mbols in a se quence Symbols must be created before they become available for i nsertion. See the ta sk on the pr eceding page for more info rmation. 1 From the Sequen ce menu, select the Base field un der the desired label where you want a s ymbol used.
214 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns T o i nclude symbols in a function In the Format m enu, you assign symbo ls to data under a gi ven label. Once assigned, these symbols can be i ncluded under the same l abel in a function.
215 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions T o store a configuration Once you have com pleted configuri ng the pattern ge nerator , you can save that configuration to hard disk for future uses. 1 From the System men u, select Configuration .
216 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns T o l oad a confi guration 1 From the System men u, select Configuration . 2 Select Har d Dis k . 3 Select the Load operation, then Patt G en . 4 Highlight the file to b e loaded by rotating the knob.
217 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions T o use A utoroll When Autorol l is used, each time you compl ete the proce ss of adding data to a data field, the data entry focus chang es to the next specified data field. The data entry keypad remain s active, ready to define the next data field .
218 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns The Format Me nu The Format menu lets you config ure the pattern generator with a clock source and par ameters, generate a symbo l table, select its output mode, assign which ve ctor output channels are used, and then group and label the vector output channels.
219 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions Clock Period (internal clock sour ce) This field toggles from Clock Per iod, when an inter nal clock sour ce is selected, to Clock Frequency , when an ext ernal clock source is selected.
220 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns Clock Out Delay The Clock Out Delay setting allows you to position the output clock with respect to data. The zero setting is uncalibrated and should be measured to determine the initial position with respect to the data.
221 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions Labels Labels let the user group output chann els from the data pods i nto a more logical configuration for creating vector data.
222 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns The Sequence Menu Use the Sequence m enu to build your test ve ctor files. The re are two sequences, an initial ization sequence and a main sequence .
223 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions INIT and MAIN Sequ ences Use the knob to highlight indivi dual lines in e ither vector sequences. When a line is highlighted, y ou can add data lines below it by selecting the Insert field .
224 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns Step Use the Step fie ld to step through your vector sequen ce to debug a critical set of vectors following a break instruction in the program sequence.
225 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions When deleting vector rows, the INIT ST ART , INIT END, MAIN ST ART , and MAIN END cannot b e deleted. Deleting all the vector rows from INIT ST ART to MAIN EN D will reset the sequence to the powerup state.
226 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns Merge is no t allowed in the f ollowing cases: • W ithin a repeat lo op. • W ithin an IF bl ock (sta rting w ith th e vector prior to the if , and e nding wi th the ve ctor f ollowi ng the I F).
227 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions Insert Selecting th e Insert field adds another instruction line immediately below the line that is currently highlighted. Instructio ns User Macro. The User Macro instruction brings u p a list of current user macros you can insert.
228 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns Break. The Break instruction cau ses a break at the current vector . In single run m ode, this instruction hal ts the sequence and holds the outputs at the break vector ’ s value.
229 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions The If event use s either the IMB or the same external cloc k pod input lines as the W ait event. If the c ondition is true at the If event, then the data in the If blo ck is output, other wise it is skipped .
230 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns Data Fi eld Selecting the data field t o the right o f the instructio n field let s you insert vector data. ASCII-based data cannot be edited, and ASCII- and Symbols-based d ata cannot be autorolled .
231 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Building T est Vectors and Functions The User Macros Menu The User Macros m enu is used to cr eate new functions and edit existing f unctions. Function 0 is the default functi on and always exi sts. Functions let you defi ne a pattern seque nce once, then insert the function by name wherever it is needed.
232 Using the Pattern Generato r Buil ding T es t Vectors an d Func tio ns Functio n 0 (current function fie ld) T ouching this field brings up a list of functions that have been created and are available to insert into the S equence menu.
233 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor Loading ASCII Files Loading ASCII Files Y ou can create pattern generator files and load them as ASCII file s using one of the remote communication inter faces or by loading an ASCII disk file . Regardless of the load method se lected, the gen eral format of the f ile must conform to certain guidelines.
234 Using the Pattern Generato r ASCII File Comm ands ASCII File Commands In addition to the unique ASCI I file commands described here, you may want to include so me standard FORMat commands in the ASCII file, such as those that are used t o specify the cl ock or output mode .
235 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor ASCII File Commands LABel Command LABel <name_str>,<width> <name_ str> label string, si x characters maximum in length. <wid th> integer number of bits in the label (1 through 32 ). The LABel command is a special means o f specifying l abels for use by an ASCII fil e.
236 Using the Pattern Generato r ASCII File Comm ands VECT or Command VECTor <char_count> <char _co unt> a ten character string starting with a ’ #8 ’ and including the total file size count.
237 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor ASCII File Commands No data is allowed in the same line as the VECT or command. The line termination in the V ECT or command li ne is included i n the character count for the file.
238 Using the Pattern Generato r ASCII File Comm ands Any characters that are not valid hexadecimal digits (0 t hrough 9, or upper/lowe r case a through f) are ignored and tr eated as field separators.
239 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor ASCII File Commands FORMat:xxx Command FORMat:MODE FORMat:CLOCk FORMat:DELay These commands t ransfer set field s from the For mat menu. The existing clo ck scheme is use d if nothi ng is specified he re. Command syntax is same as normal bus commands.
240 Using the Pattern Generato r ASCII File Comm ands Loading a n ASCII file over a bus (example) T o load an ASCII fil e over the bus use the following e xample. A few items to be no ted: • Line numbe rs are added for documentat ion only and are NOT part of the actual remote bus commands.
241 Usin g the Pa tte rn Gen era tor ASCII File Commands Notes • Lines 010 thro ugh 044 can be sent as discrete remot e control comma nds or include d in a single fil e (with the dat a) and loaded using the b us. • Other format c ommands c ould be u sed in plac e of or in addi tion t o line 030.
242 Using the Pattern Generato r ASCII File Comm ands Pattern Generator Probing System Pod Numbering The 1670G-seri es pods are num bered as shown in the figure below . 1670G Patt ern Generator Pods See Also “ Probing ” on page 248 for more inf ormation on the pattern generator probing system.
243 9 Logic Analyzer Reference.
244 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Descr iption 1670G-Se ries Logic Analyze r Description The 1670G- series logi c analyzers are par t of a family of general- purpose lo gic analyzers.
245 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Descrip tion Oscilloscope opt ion The 2 GSa/ s oscilloscope has i mmediate, e dge, and pattern trigger modes. The patte rn trigger mode uses bo th channels, an occurr ence counter , and a timer for specifying complex patter ns.
246 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e 1670G-Series Configu ration Capabiliti es 1670G-Series Configu ration Capabilities The four analyzer model s in each of t he 1670GP-se ries off er a wide variety of channe l widths and memo ry depth combinatio ns.
247 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce 1670G-Series Configura tion Capabilities T iming Analyzer Con figurations T iming Analyzer Configuration Considerations • Unused clock channels can be used as dat a channels. • Edge t erms ca n detect glitc hes. • Deepe r memo ry con figur atio ns are av ailab le as opt ion s (see page 92) .
248 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Probing Probing This section discusses the probing system for the logic anal yzer . It also contains the info rmation you need fo r connecting the probe system components to each other , to the logic analy zer , to the oscillo scope, to the pattern ge nerator , and to the system under test.
249 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Probing Microproce ssor and Bus-Specifi c Interfaces There are a number of microprocessor - and bus-specific interface s available as optio nal accessories. Mi croprocessors are supported by Universal Inter faces or Analysis Pr obes, or in some cases, both.
250 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Probing The T ermination Ada pter The logic analyz er must be properly terminated to operate corre ctly . Most Agilent T echnologies analysis pro bes have properl y terminated state connectors; however , many of them require te rmination adapters for the timi ng connectors.
251 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Probing General-purpos e probing system description The standard probing system provided wit h the logic anal yzer consists of a probe tip assembly , probe cable, and grabbers. Because of the passive design o f the probe s, there are no active circuits at the outer end of the cable.
252 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Probing Probe and Pod Grounding Each pod is gr ounded by a long , black, pod groun d lead. Y ou can connect the ground le ad directly to a ground pi n on your target system or use a grabber . T o connect the ground lead to grounded pi ns on your target system, yo u must use 0 .
253 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Probing Grabbers The grabbers have a small hook that fits around the IC pins and component leads. The grabbers have been designed to fit on adjacent IC pins on either through-hole or surface-mount components with lead spacing greater than or equal to 0.
254 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Probing Maximum Probe Input V oltage The maximum input voltage of e ach logic analyzer pr obe is 40 volts peak. Pod Threshold s Logic analyzer pods have two preset thresholds and a user -definable pod threshold . The two preset thresholds ar e ECL (-1.
255 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Probing Assembling t he probing system The general -purpose probi ng system components are assembled as shown to make a connectio n between the measured signal line and the pods displayed in the Analyz er Format men u.
256 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Probing Connecting Probe Cables to the Logic Analyzer All probe cables are installed at the factory . If you ne ed to replace a probe cabl e, refer to the 1670G- Series Logic Analyz ers Servi ce Guide. Y ou can purchase the Servi ce Guide f rom your Agile nt T echnologies Sales Office.
257 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Probing Disconnecting Probe Leads from Probe T ip Assemblies When you receive the logi c analyzer , the probe leads are already installed in the prob e tip assemblies. T o keep unused probe leads out of your way dur ing a measureme nt, you can d isconnect them f rom the pod.
258 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Probing Connecting the Grab bers to the Probes Connect the gr abbers to the pr obe leads by slippi ng the conne ctor at the end of the probe onto the recessed pin located in the side of the grabber .
259 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Probing Oscilloscope pro bes (oscilloscope opti on only) The two oscil loscope probes supplied with the osci lloscope option ar e Agilent T echnol ogies 1160A Mi niature Passive P robes. These smal l, lightweight probes allow measurements that wer e previously ve ry difficult in densely popul ated circuits.
260 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Probing Connecting the pattern generator pods directly to a PC board (pattern generator opt ion only) T o connect the pattern generator po ds directly to the PC board, use one of the following two methods. Both methods require that a 3M 2520-seri es, or similar al ternative connector be installed on the PC board.
261 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Probing Pattern generator output pod characteri stics (pattern generator option only) The following equivalent circui t information i s provided to he lp you select the appropr iate clock and data pods fo r your appli cation.
262 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Probing Agilent T echnol ogies 10464A ECL Data Pod (terminated) Output type 10H115 with 330 ohm pulldown, 47 ohm in seri es Maximu m clock 200 MHz Skew T ypical <1 .
263 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Probing Agilent T echnologi es 10466A 3-Stat e TTL/3.3 V olt Data Pod Output type 7 4L VT244 with 100 ohm in series 10H125 on non 3- state chan nel 7 (see note 2) 3-st.
264 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Probing Data Cable Characteristics W ithout a Data Pod The 1670G- series, with the pattern gene rator opti on, data cables without a data pod provide an ECL-terminated (1 K W to -5.
265 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Probing Agilent T echnol ogies 10460A TTL Clock Pod Clock ou tput typ e 10H125 with 47 o hm seri es; tru e & inver ted Clock outp ut rate 100 MHz maximum Clock out.
266 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Probing Agilent T echnol ogies 10463A ECL Clock Pod Clock output type 10H116 differential unterminated; and differe ntial with 330 ohm to -5. 2v and 47 ohm series Clock outp ut rate 200 MHz maximum Clock ou t delay 11 ns m aximum in 9 ste ps Clock input type ECL - 10H11 6 with 50 KW to -5.
267 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Keybo ard Shor tcuts Keyboard Shortcuts This section e xplains how to use the optional keyboard i nterface (Agilent T echnologies E2427B Ke yboard Kit). Y ou can use the keyboard inter changeably with the kno b and front-panel k eypad for all menu application s.
268 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Keyboa rd Shortcuts Page Up and Page Down ke ys The Page Up and Page Down k eys page through l istings. The Page Up key displays the pr evious page of data .
269 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Keybo ard Shor tcuts Using the keyboard ove rlays A keyboard o verlay is included in the E2 427B Keyboard Kit. The table below repre sents the key ma ppings.
270 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Commo n Menu F ields Common Menu Fields There are a number of fi elds that appear throughout the d ifferent menus that have similar operation.
271 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Common Menu Fie lds Pri nt fi el d The Print fie ld prints what i s displayed o n the screen at the time you initiate the printo ut.
272 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Commo n Menu F ields Print Disk The Print Disk option copies the screen in graphi cal form or ASCII, if available, to a fi le on either drive. Possible output formats are • ASCII 8- bit standa rd ASCII te xt file • B/W TI F Black -and-w hite i mag e in T IFF v ersio n 5.
273 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Common Menu Fie lds Run/S top field The Run fi eld starts the analy zer measurem ent. When you se lect Run, the screen switches to the di splay menu last viewed and displays the acquired data. If Sto p is selected duri ng a single run, the data acquisition is aborted.
274 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Commo n Menu F ields Roll fields Some data m ay not fit on scr een when there are many pods or labels t o display . When this happen s, it is indicated by the Label/Base field becoming selectable and its shade changing to the com mon field shade.
275 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Disk Drive Op erations Disk Drive Operations The logic analy zer has a built-in 3.5- inch, double-sid ed, high-density o r double-density , flexi ble disk drive. The disk driv e is compatible with both LIF (Logical Interchange Format) and DOS (Disk Operating System) formats.
276 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Disk Drive Op erations • Format Disk Formats a flexi ble disk or the internal hard disk. Either can be formatted in L IF or DOS format. All files on the disk will be d estroyed wit h t his ope rat ion . • Load Loads a file into the logi c analyzer , overwrit ing the cu rrent settings o r information.
277 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Disk Drive Op erations • Store Saves system and analy zer measureme nt setups including data. Disk operati on safeguards If there is a problem or additional infor mation is needed to execute an operation, a pop-up appears n ear the center of the screen displayin g the status of the operation.
278 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Disk Drive Op erations Autol oad The Autoload operation allows you to designate a set of configur ation files to be loaded automatically the next time the analyzer is turned on. This allows you to change the default configuration of certain features to one that better fits your nee ds.
279 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Disk Drive Op erations Pack By purging fi les from the di sk and adding other files, you may end up with blank areas on the disk (between files) that are too small for the new files you are creatin g.
280 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Disk Drive Op erations Load and Store When you choose Load or Store, you next need t o set the fi eld immediat ely to the righ t. This fie ld presents at least three choices: All, System, and Analyz er . If you have other software loaded, it might add to the list o f choices.
281 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Disk Drive Op erations Oscilloscope (oscill oscope option only ) Oscilloscop e configuration files store measurem ent setups, including data. Attributes stor ed in scope conf iguration files include labels, trigger sequence, arming conf iguration, measurement dat a, markers, and channel assignments.
282 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centro nics Interfaces The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centronics Interf aces This section de scribes the default setup, controller and printer interfaces and their configurati ons found in the System External I/O menu.
283 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centroni cs Interfaces The GPIB interface The General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) is Ag ilent T e chnologies ’ implementation of IEEE Standard 488-1978, "Standard Dig ital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation.
284 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centro nics Interfaces The RS-2 32-C interfac e The RS-232-C inter face is Agilent T echnologies ’ im plementation of EIA Recommended Standar d RS-232-C, "Inter face Between Data T erminal Equipment and Data Communications Equi pment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchang e.
285 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centroni cs Interfaces Data Bits Data Bits are the number of bits used to represent the binary code of a character . The 1670G-series logic analy zers, with the pattern generator , support 8-bit binary code.
286 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centro nics Interfaces The Ethernet LAN interface The LAN i nterface is Agi lent T echnologies ’ implementation of IEEE standard 802. 3 (ISO 88 002-3) , “ Carrier Sense Mul tiple Access with Collision Detectio n (CSMA/CD) Access Method and P hysical Layer Specifications.
287 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centroni cs Interfaces LAN Port There are two ports fo r connecting t he logic analy zer to LAN. The LAN TP port is f or a twisted pair ne twork, sometimes known as ethertwist or 10Base-T . The LAN BNC port is for a co axial cable network, sometim es know as thinla n or 10Base 2.
288 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centro nics Interfaces Help with... These buttons pro vide additional inf ormation on th e LAN settings screen, hosts table, and PC settings. Show LAN Connections This field pops up a list of all connections to the logic analyzer , and some info rmation as to the type of connection.
289 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Sy stem Utilitie s System Utilities The System Util ities menu is use d for setting system level parameters such as the system clock, displ ay intensity for each shade, and the sound. In this menu you can also rewrite the analyz er ’ s memory with any new revisio ns of the oper ating system.
290 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Sy stem Utilitie s Update FLASH ROM field The logic analyzer uses flash ROMs to store t he operating sy stem. The analyzer you re ceived should have an operating system in pl ace and should also include the operating system fil es on a flexible disk, but you may occasionally need to update the operati ng system.
291 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Sy stem Utilitie s If you press a key other than Done, the logic analyzer will not pau se for you to insert the second disk when it finishes copy ing files fro m the first disk. Instead, it will look on th e hard drive unde r the /SYSTEM directory .
292 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Display Color Selection Display Color Selection The color selection feature allows you to customize display colors, which improve s contrast and le ssens eye fatigue caused by your operating environ ment.
293 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce Display Color Selection White is the center of t he top of t he cylinder ( Luminosity = 1 00%, Saturation = 0%). The center line of the cylinder (Saturation = 0%) is a.
294 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e Display Color Selection Setting the Color , Hue, Saturation, and Luminosity Field s T o set the Colo r , Hue, Saturatio n, or Lum inosity fields, see if the field you want has a different background than the other fields (light blue if using default co lors).
295 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Anal yzer C onfigurati on Men u The Analyzer Configuration Menu Ty p e f i e l d The T ype field l ets you configur e the log ic analyzer with ei ther an internal clock (T iming mode) or an external clock ( State and SP A).
296 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The A nal yzer Conf igurat ion M enu Illegal configur ation When both analyz ers are turned o n, the first pod pair 1,2 and the last pod pair cannot be assigned to the same analyzer machine. If this configuration is set, the analyzer will display a re-assignment me nu when you try to leave the confi guration screen.
297 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Ana lyzer Form at Menu The Analyzer Format Menu Pod threshold fi eld The pod threshold field is used to set a voltage leve l that the data must reach before the analyzer re cognizes and displays it as a change in logic levels.
298 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The An alyze r Forma t Menu State acquisition m odes The State Acquisition Mode field ide ntifies the channel width and memory depth of the selected acqui sition mode. Ther e are two configurations of channel width/memo ry depth.
299 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Ana lyzer Form at Menu T iming acquisition modes The T iming Acquisition mo de field identifi es the acquisition type, the channel width, and sam pling speed of the present acquisition mode. There are three acquisition modes and five configurations.
300 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The An alyze r Forma t Menu Acquisition modes The Acquisition mode field identifie s the channel width and sam pling speed of t he present acqui sition mode. There are t wo timing acquisition modes. State anal yzers only have one acquisition mode.
301 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Ana lyzer Form at Menu Clock Inputs Disp lay Beneath the Data on clks, and ne xt to the activity indicators, is a group of all clock inputs available in the present confi guration. The number of available clocks depends on the model.
302 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The An alyze r Forma t Menu Pod clock field (State onl y) The pod clock f ield identifi es the type of clock arrangement assig ned to each pod. When the pod cl ock field is selected, a clock arrangement menu appears with the choices of Master , Slave, or Demultiplex.
303 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Ana lyzer Form at Menu Latchi ng Slave Dat a Analy zer Memo ry Slave L atch latches on master clock lat ches on slave clock data on master data on slave.
304 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The An alyze r Forma t Menu Dem ult iplex The Demultiplex m ode is used to store two different sets o f data that occur at differ ent times on the same channels. I n Demultiplex mode both the master and slave clocks are use d, but only one pod of the pod pair is sa mp led .
305 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Ana lyzer Form at Menu Master and Slave Clock fields (S tate only) The Master and Sl ave Clock fields are used to construct a clocking arrangement.
306 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The An alyze r Forma t Menu See Also "Pod Cl ock Field" found earlier in this chapter for information on selecting clocking arrangement types, su ch as Master , Slave, or Demultiplex.
307 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Ana lyzer Form at Menu Setup/Hold fie ld Setup/Hold in the Master and Slave Clock fields adjusts the relative position of the clock edge with respect to the time period that data is valid. When the Setup/Hold field is selected, a conf iguration menu appears.
308 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The An alyze r Forma t Menu Symbols fiel d The Symbols field is located directly below the Run field in the upper right corner of the Format menu. Use this field to access the symbol tables. Use symbol tables to de fine a mnemo nic for a specific bit pattern of a label.
309 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Ana lyzer Form at Menu Base field Use the Base field to select the numeric base in which the pattern in the symbols me nu is displayed. Binary is no t available if mor e than 20 channels are assig ned to a label because there is only enough room for 20 bits to be displayed on the scr een.
310 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The An alyze r Forma t Menu Label fields The label fields ar e the fields with label nam es along the left side of the display below the field captioned Labels. The default label n ames are Bus1 through Bus12 6. Selecting the label fields pops up a choice of T urn Label On, T urn Label Off, and Modi fy Label.
311 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Ana lyzer Form at Menu Label polarity fields The label polari ty fields, which are located just after the label, are used to assign a polarity to each label. The default polarity for all labels is positive (+). Y ou change the label polarity by toggling the polari ty field.
312 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The A nal yzer T rig ger M enu The Analyze r T rigge r Menu T rigger sequence levels Sequence l evels are the defin able stages of the total tr igger specification. Individual sequence levels are assigned using ei ther a predefined t rigger functi on or a user -level tri gger function.
313 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Analyz er T rigger Men u Modify T rigger field The Modify T rigger field al lows you t o modify the statem ents of any single sequence level as well as perform other high-level actio ns like global cleari ng of existi ng trigger st atements, and adding o r deleting sequence levels.
314 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The A nal yzer T rig ger M enu T iming trigger function library The following list contains all the f unctions in the librar y of timing trigger funct ions. They are listed in t he same order as the y appear onscr een.
315 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Analyz er T rigger Men u Pattern/Ed ge 1. Find edg e and pa ttern Combination s This function beco mes true when a se lected edge type is seen at the same time as a d esignated pattern. It uses one internal sequence leve l.
316 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The A nal yzer T rig ger M enu State trigger function library The following list contains all the f unctions in the librar y of state trigger funct ions. They are listed in t he same order as the y appear onscr een. User Mo de User level - custo m combinations, loops The User l evel is a user -definable level.
317 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Analyz er T rigger Men u Sequen ce 1. Fi nd even t 2 "n" ti mes aft er event 1 before e vent 3 occurs Dependent functions This function beco mes true when it f irst finds a designated pattern 1, followed by a selected number of occurr ences of a designated pattern 2.
318 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The A nal yzer T rig ger M enu Delay 1. W ait "n" exte rnal clock states This function beco mes true after a designated number of user clo ck states have occurred.
319 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Analyz er T rigger Men u Modifying the user function Before you begin buildi ng a trigger speci fication using t he user function, it should be noted that in most cases one of t he predefined trigger funct ions will work.
320 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The A nal yzer T rig ger M enu As the analyz er executes the trigger specificat ion, it searche s for a match between the resource ter m value and the data.
321 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Analyz er T rigger Men u Using the O ccurrence Coun ters Occurs field . When "Occurs" is se lected, the < and > duration functions change to an occurre nce counter . Use the occurrence counter to delay sequence evalu ation until t he resource term has occurred a designated number of times.
322 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The A nal yzer T rig ger M enu If the "Else o n" term is found, the secondary branch taken is to the designated se quence level. If the "Else on" term is no t found, the analyzer con tinues to loop wi thin the same sequence l evel until one of the two branches is found.
323 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Analyz er T rigger Men u Resource terms Resource te rms are user -defined variables that ar e assigned to sequence levels. They are placed into the sequence statement whe re their bit pattern or edge type is searched for within the data stream.
324 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The A nal yzer T rig ger M enu Edge terms 1 an d 2 (T iming only) The two e dge terms are only available in the timing analyzer . Each edge term is assigned positive- going, negative-goi ng, or any-transition edg e type, or gl itch.
325 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Analyz er T rigger Men u Using Preset V alues Assign. Assign toggles whi ch machine the term is assigned to . All of the available resource te rms except the Edge terms can be assigned to any analyzer . Ho wever , a term can only be assigned to one analyzer at a time.
326 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The A nal yzer T rig ger M enu After the assi gnment menu closes, you m ay see "$" indicators in the field display . A "$" indicates the assig nment can ’ t be display ed in the selected base because of Don ’ t C ares.
327 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Analyz er T rigger Men u Arming Co ntrol field Arming Cont rol sets up the order of triggering for complicated measurements in volving more than one machine.
328 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The A nal yzer T rig ger M enu One possible scenari o is to have several test instruments and a logic analyzer con nected to a complex target system . The analyzer is armed by an external Arm In si gnal from another test/measurement entity .
329 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Analyz er T rigger Men u Acquisition C ontrol field Selecting the Acquisiti on Control field pops up the Acquisition Control menu. The Acqui sition Control menu se ts the acquisition mode, the trigger position within acqui sition mem ory , and the sample pe riod.
330 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The A nal yzer T rig ger M enu In a timi ng analyzer , even when the tri gger position is set to Start or End, there will always be a small por tion of pre-trigger and post-trigger data stored.
331 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Analyz er T rigger Men u Count field (State only) The Count field accesses a selection menu which indi cates whether acquisition data is stamped with a T ime tag or a State Coun t tag.
332 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The Listing Menu The Listing Menu Markers The Markers fie ld accesses the markers selection menu. When the Markers fie ld is selected, a marker selectio n menu appears with the marker choices appropriate for the present analyzer configur ation.
333 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Listin g Menu T iming analy zer marke rs T i ming analyze rs always have marker choices of Patter n, T ime, or Statistics. T iming analyzers do not have state m arkers. The pattern markers, though, can be used t o count int ervening patter ns.
334 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The Wav efo rm M enu The W aveform Menu sec/Div fiel d When acquisition control is set to automatic, the se c/Div field affects the sample period.
335 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The W aveform M enu Delay field Depending on the analyzer config uration, a positive or negative del ay measured in eith er states (State only) or time (T iming only) can be set. The Delay field le ts you scroll the data and place the display window at center screen.
336 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The Wav efo rm M enu V iewing sta te values in the bus option When all assig ned waveforms in a label are overlaid with the Bus option, the val ue of the data is di splayed in the base selected in the Listing menu to the right of each new transition in the waveform display .
337 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The W aveform M enu Wa v e f o r m d i s p l a y At the bottom of the W aveform menu is a reference line which displays the relative location of the display window , the markers, and the trigger point with reference t o the total memory .
338 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The Mix ed Display Menu The Mixed Display Menu The Mixed Display me nu combines a state listin g display located at the top of the menu and a waveform display located at the bottom of the menu. The M ixed Display menu sho ws both state and timing data in the same display .
339 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Mixed Disp lay Menu T ime-correlated displ ays Once the T ime markers are set in the W aveform display ar ea of the Mixed Display menu, time-co rrelated X and O T ime marker s will be displayed in bo th the listing an d the waveform disp lay areas.
340 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The Ch art Menu The Chart Menu State Chart is a software post-processing f eature that provides the ability to build x-y charts of label activity using state data. The Chart menu builds a graphical repres entation of the system under test.
341 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Ch art Menu Min and Max scaling fiel ds When State is sele cted for the X axis, the minimum and maximum values can range f rom -1 M to +1 M, depending on the trace point location.
342 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The Ch art Menu Axis Co ntrol field Axis Control po ps up a menu that lets yo u select what will appear on the X and Y axes , what base the measurements displ ay in, and how much of the memory appears onscr een. Chart Axis Control M enu Base.
343 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Ch art Menu Rescale field The Rescale fiel d allows you to zoom in on a particular area, or move back to viewing the entire chart. T o use Rescale, place your marker s to box in an area y ou want to focus on, and then select one of the “ bet ween mark ers ” choices.
344 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The Co mpare Men u The Compare Menu State Compare is a software postprocessi ng feature that compares bit- by-bit the acquired state d ata listing and a refer ence listing. State Compare is only avail able when at least one analyzer is configured as a State analyzer .
345 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Co mpare Menu Reference Listi ng field The Reference Listing fie ld is a toggle field that switches t he listing type between t he Reference im age listing and the Dif ference listing.
346 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The Co mpare Men u This means that when you change the current row position in the Difference listing, the analyzer auto matically updates the curr ent row in the acquired State l isting and Reference listing, and vice-ve rsa.
347 Logi c Anal yzer Re fere nce The Co mpare Menu Find Error field The Find Err or field le ts you easil y locate any patter ns that do not match in the curr ent comparison. Occurrences of differ ences or errors are found i n numerical ascending o rder from the start of the listing.
348 Logi c Analyz er Re ferenc e The Co mpare Men u Mask field The channel masking field is used to specify a bit, or bits in each label that you do not want compared. Thi s causes the corresponding bits in all states to be ignored in th e comparison.
349 10 System Performanc e Analysis (SP A) Software.
350 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re System Performance Analysis Software The System Performance Analysis (SP A) software is included as standard softwar e in the 167 0G-series logic analyzers.
351 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Error me ssages and warnings used by SP A are the same as those use d by each of the logi c analyzers.
352 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re What is System P erformance An alysis? The logic analyzer ’ s state or timing analyze r is used to make quantitative measurem ents on specific events in t he target system.
353 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Operat ing char acter istics The following describes the o perating character istics of the System Performance Analysis softwar e for the th ree SP A measurement mo des.
354 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re State Hi stogra m The State H istogram mod e displays stat es that occur withi n user - defined range s of a label. State Histogram is available on any label defined in the Format Specification.
355 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Getting started This section describes how to access the System Performance Analysis (SP A) menus. Also, it describes selecting the SP A modes and setting the specifications.
356 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re Setting up th e State For mat specifi cation When a State or T iming analyzer is changed to SP A, SP A will retain the State or T iming Format specification.
357 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware SP A m easurement processes This section i ntroduces you to the measurement pro cesses of the Syst em P erfor ma nce A nal ysis (SP A) softw are . It te lls yo u ho w to s elec t the appropriate trace mode and labels .
358 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re Sam pling m ethod s and data sorti ng SP A provides a statistical summary of target system behavior over time. The greater the number of samples, the more accurate the statistics.
359 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Qualified State Histogram and T ime Interval modes use all of the labels in the Format Specification to define either the qualified state or the start and stop events, respectivel y .
360 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re Data sampling and sorti ng. When Run is pr essed, all inpu t channels defined in the Format Specification are sampled. Once acquired, the sampled data is so rted into the buckets o f the specified l abel, and the State Overview disp lay is updated.
361 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Exam ple State Overvi ew exam ple An example of a State Overview measurement is testing for access to a reserved are a of memory . In this case, the address bus o f the target system would ne ed to be groupe d under a single label, such as ADDR.
362 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re State Hi stogra m mode State Histogram mode displays relative activity of range s of a specified label. The r anges can also be co mpared to activity o n the rest of the label not defined in the ranges.
363 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware State Overvi ew mode does not display data t hat falls out of the range o f its Low and High values.
364 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re Number of samples per range. Displaye d next to each bar is a value represent ing the number o f samples for that range. The ratio o f these values to total samples de termines the rel ative size of the histogr ams.
365 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Exam ple State His tog ram exa mple A computer system has several I/O devi ces, such as a data terminal, disk drive, tape drive, and pr inter . Each device has its own service routines store d in memor y .
366 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re T ime I nterv al mo de T i me Interval mode shows distribution of the executio n time of a single event. The event is defined by specifying Start and End conditions as patterns across all labels defined in the Format Specificatio n.
367 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Start and end condi tions need not be adj acent in the data stream. Fo r example, when the state analyzer sees the specified start condition, it starts the timer .
368 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re Min, Max, and A vg T ime Statistics. The T ime Inter val mode displ ay shows three st atisti cs: Maxi mum (Max) time, Minimum (Min ) time, and A verage (A vg) time.
369 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Exam ple T ime Inte rval e xample A team of applications programmers is writing a math package f or a spreadsheet. They need to develop standards for the various math functions.
370 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re Examp le Measureme nt example using all th ree tr ace modes In a 32-bit microprocessor syste m, you want to determi ne how efficientl y the CPU is being ut ilized.
371 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Next, you go to the State H istogram menu and enter t he names and boundaries of the five routines in the state histogram ranges. State Histogram then displays the rel ative activity of the five routines.
372 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re Running the acquisition again, you discov er that the interrupt usual ly takes the expected 8 microseconds, but occasionally it takes as long as 8milliseconds.
373 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Using State Overview , State Histogram, and T ime Interva l This section expl ains how to select the displ ay fields, set up the logic analyzer and use the State Over view , State Histogram and T ime Interval modes of SP A.
374 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re SP A Stat e Overview Menu wi th Fields Ca lled Out Specifying Low and High value s The r an ge of the X ax is is det erm ined by th e L ow va lu e an d Hig h va lue fields.
375 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware The default hig h and low values represe nt the full range of the label you chose. Before changing these values, you may want to r un the acquisition and acquir e some data to view activity over the entire range of the label.
376 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re Zooming in on an area of interest. When viewing the State Overview displ ay , you may see areas of high activit y and areas of l ittle or no activi ty .
377 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Using symbols for ranges. In the Format menu, you can define symbols for any av ailable label. The symbols can be defined as Pattern Symbols or Range Symbols.
378 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re Interpreting the histogr am display . Press the blue shift key and Run to start the State Histogram acquisition. The relative activity over the ranges y ou defined is di splayed as histograms ( see the figur e on the previous page).
379 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Using T ime Interval mode Use T ime Interval mode to determine the distribution of tim e between two specific events. The state analyz er uses the time tag feature to time the event; thus, in T ime Interval mode, the minimum stat e clock period is 10 ns.
380 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re SP A T ime Interval Menu For measure ment purposes, the analyzer measur es the time betw een the first occurrence of the Start condition and the first occurrence of the Stop condition.
381 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Using Auto-r ange . T o quickly set up all 8 time interval ranges, select the Auto-range field. Enter the minimum time and maximum time for all 8 range s combined.
382 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re The analyzer contin ues to search for Start/End event p airs until you press Stop or change a display var iable. The dist ribution of t he events ’ time duration is di splayed as histograms .
383 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) So ftware Sy stem Perfor mance Analy sis So ftware Using SP A with other features Programming wi th SP A SP A is programmable. Refer to the Agil ent T echnologies 1670G Se ries Logic Analyz ers Programmer ’ s G uide for SP A commands.
384 Sy stem Performa nce Analy sis (SP A) Softwa re Sy stem Perf ormance An aly sis Softwa re Using SP A in Group Runs The 1670G-seri es logic analyzers allow you to set up group runs using the Arming Contr ol field of the other machine ’ s T rigger menu.
385 11 Logic Analyzer Conc epts.
386 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts Logic Analyz er Concep ts Logic Analyzer Concepts Understanding ho w the analyzer does its j ob will help y ou use it more effectively and minimiz e measurement problems.
387 Logic Analyz er Concept s The File Sy stem The File Syst em The 1670G-series l ogic analyzers have a complex inter nal file system. Many of the fi le attributes are only accessibl e over a LAN connection.
388 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The File Sy stem Directories Hard di sk drive When you receive the logi c analyzer , the hard disk drive is alr eady DOS-formatted.
389 Logic Analyz er Concept s The File Sy stem File types Standard fil e types The file type is sho wn in a small display box centered on the lin e above the file listings. autoload_file. indicates the file, almost always named AUTOLOAD, is an autoload fil e.
390 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The File Sy stem 167xsc_confi g. in dicates the file is an oscilloscope config uration. These files are created by executing "Sto re Scope" or " Store All" i n the System Disk menu. 16522 _cnfg . indicates that the file is a pattern g enerator configuration.
391 Logic Analyz er Concept s The T rigger Sequenc e The T rigger Sequence 1670G-series l ogic analyzers have triggering and data stor age features that allow you to capture only the sy stem activity of interest. Understanding ho w these features work wil l help you set u p analyzer trigger speci fications t hat satisfy your measu rement needs.
392 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The T rigger Seq uence T rig ger sequence speci fication See the foll owing figure, which shows a sequence spe cification with four level s. T o define the trigg er sequence, you specify sequence- advance, sequence-els e, storage, and trigger -on specifications.
393 Logic Analyz er Concept s The T rigger Sequenc e Sequence -advance specif ication The sequence-advance branch, sometimes called the "if" branch or primary branch, always branches to the n ext level.
394 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The T rigger Seq uence T rigger on sp ecificati on. If there are branch and st orage specifications fo r each sequence level, what do es the trigger term mean? The trigge r term is a special seque nce-advance specification in that, when found, it locks the contents of analy zer acquisition memory .
395 Logic Analyz er Concept s The T rigger Sequenc e Anal yzer r esource s The sequence-advance , sequence-else, storage , and trigger -on specifications are set by a combination of a maximum of 10 pattern terms , 2 rang e term s, 2 tim ers, and 2 ed ge te rms (fo r the t iming analyzer only).
396 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The T rigger Seq uence Y ou can combine the pattern terms and range te rms with logical operators to form complex pattern expressions in the sequence- advance, sequence-els e, and TRIGGER on specifications.
397 Logic Analyz er Concept s The T rigger Sequenc e Resour ce Co mbinati on Hier arch y Group Pair Reso urce Ope rat ion Resourc e Pair Links Group Link Group 1 Pair 1 Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4 Off, On, N.
398 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The T rigger Seq uence For example, the following combinations are valid combinations for the analyzer: (a+b ) • (In_Range2 + Ti mer2 > 400 ns) (c • Out_Range1) +.
399 Logic Analyz er Concept s The T rigger Sequenc e The first example shows that a and c cannot be combined at the first level. The following fi gure shows the possible combinations o f the a, b, c a.
400 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The T rigger Seq uence T iming anal yzer When you conf igure a timing analy zer , the trigger sequence follows the general outl ines given previo usly . The trigger sequence of the timi ng analyzer dif fers from the state analyzer i n the foll owing ways: • Ther e are 10 level s avai labl e to bui ld a trig ger .
401 Logic Analyz er Concept s Confi guration T ransla tion Betwee n Agilent Logic Analyzers Configuration T ranslation Between Agilent Logic Analyzers Analyzer configur ation files cannot be transferr.
402 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts Conf igurat ion T r ansla tion B etwe en Agil ent Logic Analyz ers The configuration translator needs to account for many aspe cts of the analyzer archi tecture.
403 Logic Analyz er Concept s The Anal yzer Har dware The Analyzer Hardwar e This section de scribes the theo ry of operati on for the logic analyzer and describes the se lf-tests. The information in this section is to help you understand how the l ogic analyzer operates and what the sel f-tests are testing.
404 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The A nal yzer Hard war e 1670G-serie s analyzer theory 1670G logic an alyzer boar d.
405 Logic Analyz er Concept s The Anal yzer Har dware CPU board The micro processor is a Motorola 68 EC020 running at 25 MHz. The microprocessor controls all of the functions of the logic analyzer including processi ng and storing data, displaying data, and configuring the acquisition ICs to obtain and store data.
406 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The A nal yzer Hard war e GPIB i nterfa ce The instrument interf aces to GPIB as defined by IEEE Standard 488.2. The interface co nsists of an GPIB contr oller and two octal dr ivers/ receivers. T he microprocessor routes GPIB dat a to the contr oller .
407 Logic Analyz er Concept s The Anal yzer Har dware LAN Interface The LAN Interface is primarily a single LAN integr ated circuit with supporting components. Iso lation circuitry for the LAN port is included on the I/O board. The L AN interface conforms to IEEE 802.
408 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The A nal yzer Hard war e Logic acquisiti on board theory Logic acquisi tion board.
409 Logic Analyz er Concept s The Anal yzer Har dware Probing The probing circuit includes the probe cable and term inations. The probe cable con sists of two 17-channel pods which are co nnected to the circuit board using a high-density connector .
410 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The A nal yzer Hard war e purposes. A test bi t pattern is sent fr om the T est and Clock Synchronization Circuit to the comparator . The comparators then propagate the test sig nal on each of the nine channels of the comparator .
411 Logic Analyz er Concept s The Anal yzer Har dware Threshold A precision octal DAC and precision o p amp drivers m ake up the threshold cir cuit. Each of th e eight channels of the DAC is individuall y programmabl e which allows yo u to set the threshol ds of the individual pods.
412 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The A nal yzer Hard war e Oscilloscope board t heory Oscilloscop e board.
413 Logic Analyz er Concept s The Anal yzer Har dware Attenuator/Pre amp theory of operation The channel sig nals are conditioned by the attenuator/preamps, thick film hybrids containin g passive attenuators, impedance converters, and a programm able amplifier .
414 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The A nal yzer Hard war e ADC Hybrid. Th e AC D Hybr id pro vide s al l o f the sam pli ng , dig iti zing , and high-speed waveform storage . The ADC include s a phase-locked loop fre quency converter that, for sample rates f rom 250 MHz to 2 GHz, multi plies the inp ut clock from the tim e base.
415 Logic Analyz er Concept s The Anal yzer Har dware The 100 MHz r eference oscill ator provides the base sample frequency . The time base hybrid has programmable dividers to pro vide the rest of the sample frequencies appro priate for t he time range se lected.
416 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The A nal yzer Hard war e Digital Interface. The Digital Interface provides contro l and interface between the system control and digital functions in the acquisition circuitry . Analog Inte rface The Analog Interface provides control of analog functions in the acquisition circui try .
417 Logic Analyz er Concept s The Anal yzer Har dware Pattern Generator board theory Pattern Ge nerator Board Loop Reg ister The loop register holds the programmabl e vector flow in formation. When the module reaches the end of the vector li sting, the lo op register is queried for t he RAM address locat ion of the next user - programmed vector .
418 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The A nal yzer Hard war e RAM Consisting of fi ve 256Kx16 VRAM ICs and RAM addressing circui try , the RAM stores the desired patterns that appear at the module output. The RAM addressing ci rcuitry is merely a co unter which addresses the pattern location s in RAM.
419 Logic Analyz er Concept s The Anal yzer Har dware The output of the clock se lect multiplexer i s also distributed to an external clock out circuit. The clock signal is routed to a bank of external clock delays, and the n to an external clo ck delay select multiplexer .
420 Logi c Analyz er Co ncepts The A nal yzer Hard war e Self-test s description The self-te sts identify the corre ct operation of major functional areas in the log ic analyzer .
421 12 T roubles hooting the Logic Analyzer.
422 T r oubl esho otin g the Log ic A nalyz er T roubleshooting the Lo gic Analyzer T roubleshooting the Logic Anal yzer Occasionally , a measurement may not give the expected r esults. If you encounter diff iculties while mak ing measurements, use this chapter to guide you throug h some possible solutions.
423 T roubles hooting t he Logi c Analyze r Analy zer Pr oble ms Analyzer Proble ms This section l ists general problems that y ou might encoun ter while using the analyzer . Intermittent data errors This problem is usually caused by poor connections, incorrect signal levels, or marginal timin g.
424 T r oubl esho otin g the Log ic A nalyz er Analyze r Problem s Unwanted triggers Unwanted tri ggers can be cause d by instructio ns that were fetched but not executed. ❏ Add th e prefetc h queue or pi peli ne dept h to the trig ger add ress. The depth of the prefetch queue depends o n the processor that you are analyzing.
425 T roubles hooting t he Logi c Analyze r Analy zer Pr oble ms Capacitive loadi ng Excessive capacitive loadi ng can degrade signals, r esulting in incorrect capture by the analysis probe, or system lockup in the microprocessor .
426 T r oubl esho otin g the Log ic A nalyz er Analy sis Pro be Prob lems Analysis Probe Problems This section l ists problems that you mi ght encounter wh en using an analysis probe. If the sol utions suggested here do not co rrect the problem, you may have a defective analysis p robe.
427 T roubles hooting t he Logi c Analyze r Ana ly sis P rob e Prob lems Slow clock If you have the analysis probe ho oked up and r unning and observe a slow clock or no acti vity from the in terface board, the +5 V supply coming from the analyzer may not be getting to the interface board.
428 T r oubl esho otin g the Log ic A nalyz er Analy sis Pro be Prob lems Erratic tra ce measurements There are several general problems that can cause erratic variations in trace lists and inver se assembly failur es. ❏ Ensu re that t he ana lysis pr obe con figur ation switc hes are c orrect ly set f or the me asurement you are trying t o make.
429 T roubles hooting t he Logi c Analyze r Inverse Assembler Problems Inver se Assemble r Proble ms This section l ists problems that you might encounter while using the inverse assembler . When you obtai n incorrect inverse asse mbly resul ts, it may be unclear whether the pro blem is in the analysis pr obe or in your tar get system.
430 T r oubl esho otin g the Log ic A nalyz er Inverse Assembler Problems ❏ Ensur e that eac h analy zer pod i s connec ted to the corre ct anal ysis p robe cable. There is not always a one-to -one corresp ondence betwee n analyzer pod numbers and analysis probe cable num bers.
431 T roubles hooting t he Logi c Analyze r Inverse Assembler Problems Inverse assemble r will not load or run Y ou need to ensure that you have t he correct syst em software loaded on your analyzer . ❏ Ensur e that the inver se assem bler i s on the sam e disk a s the con figur ation files you ar e load ing.
432 T r oubl esho otin g the Log ic A nalyz er Error M essages Error M essages This section list s some of the messages that the analyz er displays when it encounter s a problem. ". . . Inverse Assembler Not Found" This erro r occurs if you r ename or del ete the inverse assem bler file that is attached to the confi guration file.
433 T roubles hooting t he Logi c Analyze r Error Messag es "Selected File is Incompatible" This occurs whe n you try to l oad a configuration fi le for the wro ng module. Ensure that you are loading a translatable configuration file for your logic analyzer .
434 T r oubl esho otin g the Log ic A nalyz er Error M essages "Mus t have at leas t 1 ed ge spec ifie d" Y ou must assign at least one clock edge to one of the available clocks in the clocking arrangement. The analyzer will not let you close the clock assignment pop- up until an edge i s specified.
435 T roubles hooting t he Logi c Analyze r Error Messag es "T imer is off in sequence leve l n where it i s used" If you use time rs as part of your trigger sequence , you must remember to turn them o n using T imer Control in the Sequence Level pop-up menu.
436 T r oubl esho otin g the Log ic A nalyz er Error M essages "Measu remen t Init ializat ion Error" The logic analyzer failed its internal hardware calibration.
437 13 Specifications.
438 Speci ficat ions General Information General Information This chapter l ists the accessories, specifi cations and characteristics for the 1670G-se ries logic analyzers. Accessories The following accessories are supp lied with the l ogic analyzer .
439 Specifica tions General Info rmation Note 1 Quantities: 8 - 1670G 6 - 16 71G 4 - 16 72G 2 - 16 73G Note 2 Quantities 4 - 1670G 3 - 16 71G 2 - 16 72G 1 - 16 73G.
440 Speci ficat ions General Information Specifications (logi c analyzer) The specifications are the performance standards against which the product is tested. Refer to the Ag ilent T echnologies 1670G Logic Analyzers Ser vice Guide (availabl e from you r Agilent T echnologi es Sales Office) fo r testing procedur es.
441 Specifica tions General Info rmation Speci ficat ions (osc illosco pe optio n) The specifications are the performance standards against which the 1670G-series logic analyz ers oscilloscope is tested. Bandwidth*: dc to 500 MHz (realtime, dc coupled) T ime Interval Measurement +/-[(0.
442 Speci ficat ions General Information Characteri stics (log ic analy zer) These characteristics are n ot specifications, but are incl uded as additional information.
443 Specifica tions General Info rmation Character istics (oscilloscope) The characteristics are not specif ications, but are included as additional information. Maximum sample rat e 2 Gig asample per second Number of channels 2 Rise T ime * 700 p s ADC 8-bit real ti me V ertical resolution 8 bits over 4 ve rtical division s (±0.
444 Speci ficat ions General Information Logic leve ls TTL, 3- state, TTL/ 3.3v , 3-state TTL/C MOS, EC L term inated , ECL Unterminated, and differential ECL (without POD) Data inputs 3-bit patter n .
445 Specifica tions General Info rmation Supplemental character istics (logic analyzer) Probes Input resistance 100 k Ω , ±2 % Input capacitance ~ 8 pF Minimum voltage swing 500 mV , peak-to-peak Threshold r ange ±6.
446 Speci ficat ions General Information T iming analysis Sample period accuracy 0.01 % of sample period Channel-to-channel skew 2 ns, typical T i me interval accuracy ± [sample period + channel -to-channel skew +(0.
447 Specifica tions General Info rmation Measurement and display function s Displayed wavefor ms. 24 lines maxi mum, with scrol ling across 96 waveforms. Measureme nt functions Run/Stop functions. Run starts acquisition of data in specified trace mode .
448 Speci ficat ions General Information Data entr y/display Labe ls. Channels may be grouped together and gi ven a 6-character name. Up to 126 labels i n each analyzer ma y be assigned with up to 32 channels per label .
449 Specifica tions General Info rmation Marker functi ons T ime interval . The X and O ma rker s measure th e time int erval between a point on a timing waveform and the trigger , two points on the same timing waveform, two points on different waveform s, or two states (time tagging on).
450 Speci ficat ions General Information Supplemental character istics (osc illoscope) V ertical (at BNC) V ertical sensitivity range 4 mV/di v to 10 V/d iv in 1-2-4 increments (1:1 Probe) DC offset range V ertical sensitivity A vailable offset 4mV - 10 0mV/d iv ±2V 100m V - 400mV/ div ±10V 400m V - 2.
451 Specifica tions General Info rmation T rigger ing: T ri gger Level R ange: W ithin display window (verti cal offset +/- 2 divisions) T rigger Mo des: Immediate: T riggers immediately after arming con dition is met. Edge: T riggers on rising or falling e dge from channe l 1 or channe l 2.
452 Speci ficat ions General Information Oper atin g envi ronm ent T emperature Instrument, 0 ° C to 55 ° C (+32 ° F to 131 ° F). Probe lead sets and cables, 0 ° C to 65 ° C (+32 ° F to 149 ° F). Flexible disk media, 10 ° C t o 40 ° C (+50 ° F t o 104 ° F) Indoor use only .
453 14 Operator ’ s Service.
454 Oper ator ’ s Service Oper ator ’ s Servi ce Operator ’ s Servi ce This chapter provides information on how to prepare the logic analyzer for use, and contains self-tests and flow charts used for troubleshooting the logic analyzer . The 1670G- Series Logic Analy zers Service Gu ide contain de tailed service proce dures.
455 Oper ator ’ s Service Preparin g For Use Preparing For Use This section gives you i nstructions for preparing the logic analyzer for use. Power requirem ents The logic analyzer requires a po wer.
456 Oper ator ’ s Service Prepar ing For U se T o inspec t the l ogic anal yzer 1 Inspe ct the sh ipping contai ner fo r dama ge. If the shipping container or cushioning material is damage d, keep them until you have checked the contents of the shi pment and checked the instrument mechanically and electrically .
457 Oper ator ’ s Service Preparin g For Use T o clean t he l ogic an aly zer W ith the instrument t urned off and unpl ugged, use mild soap and water to clean the front and cabinet of the logic analyz er . Harsh soap might dama ge the water -base paint.
458 Oper ator ’ s Service T roubleshooti ng T roubleshooting This section he lps you troubleshoot the logic analyze r to find th e problem. T he troubleshooting co nsists of flowcharts, self- test instructions, and tests. If you suspect a problem, start at the top of the first flowchart.
459 Oper ator ’ s Service T rou bles hoot ing T o use the flowcharts Flowcharts ar e the primary tool used to isolate probl ems in the l ogic analyzer . The flowcharts refer to other tests to help isolate the trouble. The circled letters on the charts indicate connections with the other flowcharts.
460 Oper ator ’ s Service T roubleshooti ng T roubl eshoo ting F lowchar t 2.
461 Oper ator ’ s Service T rou bles hoot ing T o c heck the power -up tests The logic analyzer automaticall y performs power -up t ests when you apply power to the inst rument. Th e revision number o f the oper ating system shows in the upper -right corner o f the screen duri ng these power -up tests.
462 Oper ator ’ s Service T roubleshooti ng T o ru n the self -te sts Self-tests ident ify the correct operati on of major functional areas of the analyzer . Y ou can run all self -tests without accessing the interior of the instrument. If a self-test fail s, the troubleshoo ting flowcharts instruct you to change a part of the analyzer .
463 Oper ator ’ s Service T rou bles hoot ing 4 Press the System key , then select the field next to Sys PV . Select System T est to access the system tests. 5 Select ROM T est . The ROM T est screen is disp layed. Y ou can run all tests at on e time by running All System T ests.
464 Oper ator ’ s Service T roubleshooti ng 6 Select Run , then select Single . T o run a test continuously , select Repetitive. Select Stop to hal t a repetitive test.
465 Oper ator ’ s Service T rou bles hoot ing 7 T o exit the ROM T est , select Done . Note that the status changes to P ASSED or F AILED. 8 Install a formatted d isk that is not write-protected in to the flexible disk d rive. Connect an RS-232-C loopback connector onto the RS-232-C po rt.
466 Oper ator ’ s Service T roubleshooti ng 10 Select the Disp lay T est . A white gr id pattern i s displayed. The se display screens can be used to adjust the display . a Select Continue an d the screen changes to full b right. b Select Continue an d the screen changes to hal f bright.
467 Oper ator ’ s Service T rou bles hoot ing 12 In the Chip 2 T ests menu, se lect Run , then select Sin gle . The test runs one time, then the screen shows the results . When the test is f inished, select Done . Then, perf orm the other Chip T ests.
468 Oper ator ’ s Service T roubleshooti ng 14 Select Data Input Inspecti on . All l ines should sh ow activity . Select Done to exit the Data Input Inspection . 15 If you do not h ave a 1670G-series logic analyzer with the oscilloscope op tion, exit the tests by press ing the Syste m key .
469 Oper ator ’ s Service T rou bles hoot ing 17 Select one of the Scope PV tests. Y ou can run all of the t ests at one time by selecting All T ests, or you can run each test individually . For this example , select Dat a Memor y T est . 18 In the Data Me mory T est menu, select R un , then select Single .
470 Oper ator ’ s Service T roubleshooti ng 19 T o exit the tests, press the Syst em key . Select the field to the right of the Sys P V field. 20 Select the Exit T est Sys tem . If you are performing the self-t ests as part o f the troublesh ooting flowchart, return to the flowchart.
471 Oper ator ’ s Service T rou bles hoot ing T o te st the auxi liary pow er The +5 V auxiliary power is protected by a current overload protection device. If the current on pins 1 and 39 exceed 0.33 amps, the circuit will open. When the short is removed, the circuit will reset in approximately 1 m inute.
472 Oper ator ’ s Service T roubleshooti ng.
473 Section 2 LAN.
474.
475 15 Introdu cing t he LAN Inte rface.
476 Introducing th e LAN Inter face Introducing the LAN Interface Intr oducing the LAN Interf ace The Agilent T echnologies Lo gic Analyzer L AN interf ace lets you connect your logic analyzer to an Ethernet network that uses TCP/IP .
477 Introducin g the LAN Interface Introd ucing th e LAN In terface Supported P rotocols. • T ransm ission Contro l Protocol/Inter net Protocol (TCP/IP) • Network File Syste m (NFS) • File T ran.
478 Introducing th e LAN Inter face Introducing the LAN Interface LAN section overview The c hap ters in the LAN s ecti on of this U ser ’ s Guide shows yo u how to connect, use, and troubleshoot your l ogic analyzer via a Local Area Network (LAN) connectio n.
479 16 Connecting and Configuring the LAN.
480 Conne ctin g and Con figuri ng th e LAN Conne cting and Conf igur ing th e LAN Connecting and Configuring the L AN In order to use your logic analyzer ’ s network capabilities, you need to connect it to your network and configure the logic analyzer .
481 Connec ting a nd Confi guring t he LAN Connecting and Confi guring the LAN T o connect to your network 1 T u rn off the logic analyzer . 2 Connect the analyzer to you r network using an RJ-45 or BNC connector . Ethertwist and thinlan are the two most common types of LA N network conne ction.
482 Conne ctin g and Con figuri ng th e LAN Conne cting and Conf igur ing th e LAN T o configure the network addresses Y ou can configure the logic analyzer to work with your network from the front panel. Info rmation entered in the configuratio n menus will be stored in nonvolati le memory .
483 Connec ting a nd Confi guring t he LAN Connecting and Confi guring the LAN 2 Set up the L AN Settings menu. LAN Settings menu Lan Port . The LAN Port toggl es between LAN TP and LAN BNC. Set it to whichever typ e you are usin g for the conne ction.
484 Conne ctin g and Con figuri ng th e LAN Conne cting and Conf igur ing th e LAN File T imeout. This is not the same as the networ k timeout, which is set on the com puter . The logic analy zer file timeout is how long the analyzer keeps a file in the active portion of memo ry .
485 Connec ting a nd Confi guring t he LAN Connecting and Confi guring the LAN T o verify connectivity with the ping utili ty Use the ping utility to ver ify that the logic analyzer is on your network. Refer to your network documentation for the exact syntax.
486 Conne ctin g and Con figuri ng th e LAN Conne cting and Conf igur ing th e LAN T o m ount the logic analyzer NOTE: Before Mo unting Y o u need to wait at lea st 15 seconds aft er the Analyze r Configur ation menu is display ed before atte mpting to m ount.
487 Connec ting a nd Confi guring t he LAN Connecting and Confi guring the LAN • UNIX For UNIX, use your network ’ s comman d for a n NFS mou nt. For example: mount [analyzer name:]/[control|data][mount point] Some UNIX workstations will not acce pt a straight IP address.
488 Conne ctin g and Con figuri ng th e LAN Conne cting and Conf igur ing th e LAN.
489 17 Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN.
490 Accessing the Logic An alyzer File Sy stem Using the LAN Accessing the Logic Analyze r File Sy stem Using the LAN Accessing the Log ic Analyzer File Syst em Using the LAN This chapter shows you how to: • Mount the fil e system via NFS. • Acce ss the file sy stem via ft p.
491 Accessing the Logic An alyzer File Sy stem Using th e LAN Accessing the Lo gic Analyzer File Sy stem Using the LAN T o m ount the file system via NFS NOTE: The logi c analyz er must be on and c omplet ely boot ed up be fore yo u can mount the file system .
492 Accessing the Logic An alyzer File Sy stem Using the LAN Accessing the Logic Analyze r File Sy stem Using the LAN Examp le Mounting the logic analyze r on a UNIX computer T o mount the analyzer na.
493 Accessing the Logic An alyzer File Sy stem Using th e LAN Accessing the Lo gic Analyzer File Sy stem Using the LAN From Computers Running the MS-DOS Operating System NOTE: T o us e the lo gic analy zer in terface in an MS -DOS env ironm ent, you need to inst all a prog ram on your PC that allows yo u to use NFS prot ocol.
494 Accessing the Logic An alyzer File Sy stem Using the LAN Accessing the Logic Analyze r File Sy stem Using the LAN From Computers Running MS W indows NT NOTE: T o us e the lo gic ana lyzer in an MS Windows NT e nvironm ent , you need to insta ll a progr am o n your PC th at allows you to use N FS pro tocol.
495 Accessing the Logic An alyzer File Sy stem Using th e LAN Accessing the Lo gic Analyzer File Sy stem Using the LAN 3 In the Path f ield, type the name of the server that th e logic analyzer system is mounted on, f ollowed by the analyze r ’ s na me or IP address .
496 Accessing the Logic An alyzer File Sy stem Using the LAN Accessing the Logic Analyze r File Sy stem Using the LAN T o a ccess the file syste m via ftp T o access the logic analyzer ’ s fil e sys.
497 18 Using the LAN ’ s X W indow Int erface.
498 Usin g the LA N ’ s X Window Interface Using the LAN ’ s X Window Int erface Using the LAN ’ s X W in dow Interface This chapter shows you how to: • Start the in terface.
499 Using the LAN ’ s X Window Interfac e Using the LAN ’ s X Window Interface T o start the interface from the front panel From the L ogic Analyzer Front Panel 1 Start the Xserver software on yo ur host computer . 2 On your Xserver , enable analyzer -initiated windows.
500 Usin g the LA N ’ s X Window Interface Using the LAN ’ s X Window Int erface 4 In the X-W indow Settings m enu that pops up, en ter the IP address of the XW indows server , the display number , and the screen number . These values are saved for the next time you initiate an X W indow .
501 Using the LAN ’ s X Window Interfac e Using the LAN ’ s X Window Interface T o star t the interface from the computer 1 On your Xserver , enable analyzer -initiated windows. Most Xserver packages have a secur ity feature which stops unwanted client-initiated wi ndows from bein g displayed.
502 Usin g the LA N ’ s X Window Interface Using the LAN ’ s X Window Int erface Examp le Pseudo telnet method u sing a UNI X computer T o enable windows to be ini tiated from the logic analyzer n.
503 Using the LAN ’ s X Window Interfac e Using the LAN ’ s X Window Interface Exam ple ftp method using a UNIX co mputer File transfer protocol (ftp) can be used to start the X Window interface from either a U NIX computer or a PC. The logic an alyzer is named lp1670 G in thi s example.
504 Usin g the LA N ’ s X Window Interface Using the LAN ’ s X Window Int erface T o c lose the interface From the XW indow Interface or Front Panel 1 Go to the System External I/O menu. 2 Select the Disconnect field. The interface on your Xserver cl oses, and the Disconnect f ield changes to Connect.
505 Using the LAN ’ s X Window Interfac e Using the LAN ’ s X Window Interface T o lo ad the custom fonts 1 From the computer running your Xserver software, access the logic analyzer ’ s file system. Refer to the "Accessing the Logic Analyze r File System" chapter .
506 Usin g the LA N ’ s X Window Interface Using the LAN ’ s X Window Int erface Examp le Loading the fonts using ftp and UNIX Suppose yo u have a UN IX computer running your Xser ver software. Go to the dir ectory where you want to install t he custom fonts.
507 Using the LAN ’ s X Window Interfac e Using the LAN ’ s X Window Interface Close the analyzer ’ s XW indow interface and re-s tart it. Y o u should now see the same fonts that are used on the logic analyzer ’ s front panel display .
508 Usin g the LA N ’ s X Window Interface Using the LAN ’ s X Window Int erface Addit ional Informat ion Color The X W indow that appears on your X Server is in colo r . If another application such as a W eb browser is using many co lors, the X W indow may be unreadable when i t appears.
509 19 Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN.
510 Retrievi ng and Resto ring Data Using the LAN Retrieving an d Restoring Da ta Using the LAN Retrieving and Restoring Dat a Using the LAN This chapter shows you how to: • Copy ASCII measureme nt data. • Copy raw measurem ent data. • Restore ra w measurement d ata.
511 Retrie ving and Restor ing D ata Usin g the LAN Retrie ving and R estoring Da ta Using t he LAN T o co py ASCII measurement data 1 Set up the measurement you wan t to make, and run the analyzer to acquire data. For more in formation on setting up measureme nts, see the Logic Analyzer section of this book.
512 Retrievi ng and Resto ring Data Using the LAN Retrieving an d Restoring Da ta Using the LAN T o c opy raw measurem ent data 1 Set up the measurement you wan t to make, and run the analyzer to acquire data. For more in formation on setting up measureme nts, see the Logic Analyzer section of this book.
513 Retrie ving and Restor ing D ata Usin g the LAN Retrie ving and R estoring Da ta Using t he LAN T o restore r aw measurement data 1 Access the analyzer ’ s file system as the control user . Refer to the chapter "Accessing the Logic Anal yzer File Syste m".
514 Retrievi ng and Resto ring Data Using the LAN Retrieving an d Restoring Da ta Using the LAN T o stri p LIF structure from raw measurement data • W rite a program that str ips LIF s truct ure from raw data files. Y ou may wa nt to co nvert the d ata.
515 Retrie ving and Restor ing D ata Usin g the LAN Retrie ving and R estoring Da ta Using t he LAN Exam ple This C program strips the LIF structure f rom the data.
516 Retrievi ng and Resto ring Data Using the LAN Retrieving an d Restoring Da ta Using the LAN T o c opy scre en images from system graphics 1 Access the logic analyzer ’ s file system. Refer to the chapter "Accessing the Logic Anal yzer File Syste m".
517 Retrie ving and Restor ing D ata Usin g the LAN Retrie ving and R estoring Da ta Using t he LAN T o c opy status i nformation from sta tus 1 Access the logic analyzer ’ s file system. Refer to the chapter "Accessing the Logic Anal yzer File Syste m".
518 Retrievi ng and Resto ring Data Using the LAN Retrieving an d Restoring Da ta Using the LAN Examp le An example frame.txt file: Analyzer name: LP LAN Analyzer Slot Module Name Code Version Card ID Code ====== =========== ============ ============ CPU System V01.
519 Retrie ving and Restor ing D ata Usin g the LAN Retrie ving and R estoring Da ta Using t he LAN T o copy configurations from setup.raw 1 Set up th e configuration. Y ou can do this from the XW indow interface or from the fr ont panel. 2 Access the logic analyzer ’ s file system.
520 Retrievi ng and Resto ring Data Using the LAN Retrieving an d Restoring Da ta Using the LAN T o restore configurations 1 Access the logic analyzer ’ s file system as the control user . Refer to the chapter "Accessing the Logic Anal yzer File Syste m".
521 20 Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN.
522 Progr ammin g the Logic A naly zer Us ing the L AN Progr ammi ng the L ogic An alyz er Using the LAN Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN Y ou can program the lo gic analyzer over the Local Area Ne twork (LAN) by sending com mands to the systemprogr am file or by sending commands to the command parser sock et.
523 Progr amming th e Logic Analyzer Using th e LAN Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN T o set up for Ethernet LAN programming Before you can send programming commands to the logic analyzer via the LAN, you must set the controller to Ethernet .
524 Progr ammin g the Logic A naly zer Us ing the L AN Progr ammi ng the L ogic An alyz er Using the LAN T o e nter commands di rectly using telnet The syntax of the telnet command is: telnet [symbolic name|IP address] 5025 The symboli c name is the host nam e of the logic analy zer as set up by your system administrator .
525 Progr amming th e Logic Analyzer Using th e LAN Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN Exam ple Programming the logic analyzer over a telnet connection T o connect to the logic analyzer named 1670sys, enter: $ telnet 1670sys 5025 The computer responds with: Trying.
526 Progr ammin g the Logic A naly zer Us ing the L AN Progr ammi ng the L ogic An alyz er Using the LAN T o write programs that open the command parser sock et The command parser socket of the logic analy zer is 5025. Connection to the command parser socket is, by definition, a control user connection.
527 Progr amming th e Logic Analyzer Using th e LAN Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN /* Create an endpoint for communication */ sockfd = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ); /* Initiate a co.
528 Progr ammin g the Logic A naly zer Us ing the L AN Progr ammi ng the L ogic An alyz er Using the LAN.
529 21 LAN C oncepts.
530 LAN Concepts LAN Concepts LAN Concepts This chapter describes: • Direc tory s truc ture o f the logi c an alyze r's fi le sy stem • Dynami c file s • New fields in the l ogic analyzer&a.
531 LAN Concepts LAN Concepts Directory structure of the l ogic analyzer ’ s file system Logic A nalyze r Direct ory St ructure setup.raw . Binary configurati on files. Y ou can save and re store configurations by copying these files. slot _x. Analyzer and osci lloscope subdire ctories.
532 LAN Concepts LAN Concepts systemgraphics. Image files for the cur rent screen in TIFF , PCX, and Encapsulated PostScript formats. status. Status information. The directory structure of the logic analyzer is fi xed. Y ou cannot create or delete d irectories or fil es except under the lo cal hard and flexibl e disk directo ries.
533 LAN Concepts LAN Concepts Label Data Files: slot_adata.asc{analyzer name}{label}.txt. Both analyzer subdirectories contain files correspo nding to the labels you have set up in that analyzer ’ s Fo rmat Menu. These fi les contain the current measurement data for the channe ls assigned to each label.
534 LAN Concepts LAN Concepts Dynamic files The logic analyzer ’ s file sy stem uses dynamic files fo r configuration information and data. This means that applications such as File Manager or a spre adsheet cannot determine the siz e of the file s until they are retrieved.
535 LAN Concepts LAN Concepts LAN-relate d fields in the logic analy zer ’ s menus When your logic analyzer has LAN, several additional menu choices are available. These fields allow you to set up your LAN port and configure the logic analyzer . Controller Co nnection Y ou can set your lo gic analyzer t o be controlled over the netwo rk.
536 LAN Concepts LAN Concepts T ime Zone Field W ith LAN, a fi eld labeled "T ime Zone" appears in the Real T ime Clock setup menu. The Real T ime Clock setup menu is accessed by selecting the Real T ime Clock Adjustments field i n the System Utilitie s menu.
537 22 T roubleshoot ing the LAN Connectio n.
538 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction T r oubl esho otin g the LA N Conne ction T roubleshooting the LAN Connection This chapter pro vides troubleshoo ting informatio n for the LAN connection.
539 T roubleshoo ting t he LAN Connect ion T roublesho oting the In itial Co nnection T roubleshooting the In itial Connection Getting the logic analyzer to work with your network often requires detailed k nowledge of your local netwo rk software.
540 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction T ro ubleshootin g the Initial Connectio n Packets routi nely lost If packets are routinely lost, pro ceed to the tr oubleshooti ng section in this chapter relating to your network.
541 T roubleshoo ting t he LAN Connect ion T roublesho oting the In itial Co nnection • Have any config uratio n files bee n modif ied? • Have any of the f ollow ing file s been de leted or overw ritte n? UNIX: /etc/hosts /etc/inetd.
542 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction T ro ubleshootin g the Initial Connectio n T roubl eshooting in a w orkstation environm ent 1 V erify t he communications link. V erify the communicatio ns link between the co mputer and the lo gic analyzer re mote file ser ver using the ping utility .
543 T roubleshoo ting t he LAN Connect ion T roublesho oting the In itial Co nnection • Erro r Messages If error messag es appear , then che ck the command syntax before conti nuing with the troubl eshooti ng. If th e synta x is correc t, the n resolve the err or messa ges usin g your ne twork d ocumenta tion.
544 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction T ro ubleshootin g the Initial Connectio n T roubleshooting in an MS-DOS envi ronment 1 V erify t he communications link. V erify the comm unications link be tween the PC and the logic analyz er using the ping utility or other similar echo request utility .
545 T roubleshoo ting t he LAN Connect ion T roublesho oting the In itial Co nnection • Erro r Messages If error messag es appear , then che ck the command syntax before conti nuing with the troubl eshooti ng. If th e synta x is correc t, the n resolve the err or message s using you r NFS documen tation .
546 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction T ro ubleshootin g the Initial Connectio n T roubleshooting in an MS W indows environment 1 V erify t he communications link. V erify the comm unications link be tween the PC and the logic analyz er using the ping utility or other similar echo request utility .
547 T roubleshoo ting t he LAN Connect ion T roublesho oting the In itial Co nnection • Erro r Messages If error messag es appear , then che ck the command syntax before conti nuing with the troubl eshooti ng. If th e synta x is correc t, the n resolve the err or message s using you r NFS documen tation .
548 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction T ro ubleshootin g the Initial Connectio n V eri fy the logic analy zer perfor mance The logic analyz er performance verification (self- test) is divided into two sections. The fir st section tests the physical connections such as the cable and termi nation.
549 T roubleshoo ting t he LAN Connect ion T roublesho oting the In itial Co nnection Procedure This procedure veri fies the performance of th e LAN interface. T o check logic analyz er performance, r efer to the lo gic analyzer ’ s Ser vice Guide. 1 Go to the System External I/O menu.
550 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction T ro ubleshootin g the Initial Connectio n 9 Exit the T est System. a Select System T est, then select Exit T est from the pop up. b Select Exit T est System. Stat us Nu mber When you run the LAN T est, the test menu repor ts a status number .
551 T roubleshoo ting t he LAN Connect ion T roublesho oting the In itial Co nnection The following table describes each bit in the status number . Status Bits Bit 0 The int ernal regis ters of the LA N IC are loaded with known test values and then are read.
552 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction T ro ubleshootin g the Initial Connectio n Status Bits ( conti nued) Status Bits Bit 6 The TRANS (T ransceiver , such as Ethernet transcei ver) bit indic ates wheth er th e cir cuitry betwe en th e LAN I C and th e LAN cable is functioni ng.
553 T roubleshoo ting t he LAN Connect ion T roublesho oting the In itial Co nnection Network Status Infor mation The Ethernet Statistics me nu supports network tro ubleshooting through the fr ont-panel. T o access the Ethernet Statistics menu: 1 Go to the System External I/O menu .
554 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction T ro ubleshootin g the Initial Connectio n Info rmat ion on the Ether net S tati stic s men u Status Bits Ethe r Ad dres s The logic an alyzer ’ s Ethe rnet address. Th is value is set by the factory and canno t be changed .
555 T roubleshoo ting t he LAN Connect ion Solution s to Common Prob lems Solutions to Common Problems This section describes common problems you may encounter when using the logic analyze r LAN. It assumes you have been able to connect to the logic analyzer in the past.
556 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction Solutions to Commo n Problems If you cannot mount the logic analyzer file system If you get a "device busy" message: ❏ Make su re that anot her user is not alread y acce ssin g the fi le syst em as the contr ol us er or c onnect ed to t he comma nd pa rser so cket.
557 T roubleshoo ting t he LAN Connect ion Solution s to Common Prob lems If you get an "already mo unted" or "no more mo unts available" message: ❏ If you ar e trying to acce ss the fil e syste m as the c ontro l user , try ac cessing the f ile sy stem a s the data u ser ins tead.
558 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction Solutions to Commo n Problems If you cannot copy files from the logic analyzer If you can only copy a few bytes of a fil e: ❏ Copy t he fi le of in teres t to your P C or wor kstat ion, an d use t he new , l ocal copy as you r work ing c opy .
559 T roubleshoo ting t he LAN Connect ion Solution s to Common Prob lems If you get an "operation ti med-out" message ❏ Check the LAN connectio n between the computer and logic analyze r . Refe r to "If yo u cannot conne ct to the lo gic ana lyzer" in this sec tion.
560 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction Solutions to Commo n Problems If all else fails ❏ Contact yo ur system adm inistr ator . ❏ If y ou still cannot solve the pro blem, c ontact an Agil ent T echnol ogies Serv ice Cent er for repai r inf ormatio n.
561 T roubleshoo ting t he LAN Connect ion Getting Service Suppor t Getting Service Support This section provid es information about suppo rt services. Return to Agilent service The benchtop logic analyzer s default to r eturn to Agile nt T echnologies service.
562 T r oubl esho oting t he LAN Co nne ction Gettin g Servi ce Support.
563 Section 3 Symbol Utility.
564.
565 23 Symbol Ut ility Int roduction.
566 Symbol Uti lity Introdu ction Symbol Util ity Introductio n Symbol Utility Introduction The Symbol Utility provides you with a new way to view your logic analysis data.
567 Symbol Utility In troduction Symbol Utility Introduction Supported Symbo l File Formats The Symbol Utility will suppo rt OMF files i n the following fo rmats: ELF/DW AR F .
568 Symbol Uti lity Introdu ction Symbol Util ity Introductio n OMF86. This OMF is produce d by language tools for Inte l 80x86 serie s and Pentium mi croprocessors running in real mode only . OMF96. This OMF is produced by language tools for the Intel 80196 family of processors.
569 Symbol Utility In troduction Symbol Utility Introduction Symbol Utilit y section overview The chapters in t he Symbol Utilit y section of this Use r ’ s Guide provides a detailed descri ption of the features. The follo wing is a brief description of each chapter .
570 Symbol Uti lity Introdu ction Symbol Util ity Introductio n.
571 24 Getting St arted with the Symbol Utility.
572 Getting Starte d with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utilit y Getting Started with t he Symbol Utility Y ou can use the OMF Symb ol Load menu to load Object Module Format (OMF) symbol f iles into the analyzer . Once you have loaded the file s, you can view the symbols in the Listing and W aveform menus.
573 Getting Starte d with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with th e Symbol Utility T o Access the Symbol File Load Menu T o begin working wit h symbols in the logic an alyzer , you need to load symbol file s into the system. The OMF Symbol Lo ad menu is used to do this.
574 Getting Starte d with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utilit y 3 Select the Specify Database field in the S ymbol menu..
575 Getting Starte d with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with th e Symbol Utility Method 2: Using the Symbol Field in the Format Menu 1 Go to the Analyzer Format menu. 2 In the Format menu , select the Symbols fiel d. 3 In the Symbols pop -up, select the large field at the top of the display .
576 Getting Starte d with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utilit y The OMF Symbol Load menu appears. Use this menu to load an O bject Module Format (OMF) fil e into the logic analyzer .
577 Getting Starte d with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with th e Symbol Utility T o Access the Symbol Browser 1 Go to the Analyzer T rigger menu. 2 Set the ba se fo r th e label tha t you w ant to wo rk wi th to " symbo l." 3 Select a trigger term corr esponding to the label and pattern term that you want to use.
578 Getting Starte d with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utilit y The OMF Symbol Browser me nu appears. Use this menu to select an OMF symbol as a trigger term .
579 25 Using the S ymbol Utilit y.
580 Using th e Symb ol Util ity T o g enerate a symbol file In order to view symbols from yo ur software in the Listing o r W aveform menus of the logic analyzer , you need to create a symbol file in o ne of the formats that are supported by the Symb ol Utility .
581 Using th e Symbo l Utilit y T o Load a Symbol File 1 Access the OMF Symbol Load menu. There are two methods available to access this menu. See "T o Access the Symbol Fi le Load Menu," on page 573 for more information. 2 Select the disk d rive that contains the symbol file.
582 Using th e Symb ol Util ity 4 Select the OMF File field. In the pop-up, turn the k nob to highlight the d esired file name. Select th e Select field to choos e the file. If necessary , use the knob and the Select fie ld to choose a diffe rent directory .
583 Using th e Symbo l Utilit y The symbol file i s loaded into the analy zer . Y ou can load several sy mbol files int o the analyzer . When you load a symbol file, a database file is created by the logic analyzer . Database files have an extension " .
584 Using th e Symb ol Util ity T o D isplay Symbols in the T race List 1 Load the appropriate sy mbol file. 2 Display the trace listing i n the Listing menu of the logic an alyzer .
585 Using th e Symbo l Utilit y 3 Select the base of the ADDR label. If you have l oaded the OMF symbols into a label other than ADDR, select the base for that label.
586 Using th e Symb ol Util ity T o T rigger on a Symbol Y ou must load a symbol file into the analyzer before you can trigger on OMF symbols. 1 Go to the T rigger Menu. 2 Set the base of the label that you want to specify a trigger term with to Symbol.
587 Using th e Symbo l Utilit y 3 Select a trigger term that you want to use . The tri gger term is the field that corresponds to the term column on the left side o f the display , and the label r ow in the center of the display . 4 In the pop-up m enu, select the Us er Symbol T able field.
588 Using th e Symb ol Util ity 5 Use the knob to scrol l through the list of sym bols and pi ck the one that you want. Sele ct Done. The tri gger term is now defined as on e of your OMF sy mbols. 6 Use the symbol term in the trigger specification to trigg er the logic analyzer .
589 Using th e Symbo l Utilit y T o View a List of Symbol Files Curr ently Loaded into the System 1 Access the OMF Symbol Load menu. There are two methods available to access this menu. See "T o Access the Symbol File Load Menu" on page 573 for more infor mation.
590 Using th e Symb ol Util ity T o R emove a Symbol File From the Sy stem 1 Access the OMF Symbol Load menu. There are two methods available to access this menu. See "T o Access the Symbol File Load Menu" page 573 for more informatio n. 2 Select the Current Lo aded Files field, in the bottom left corner of the disp lay .
591 26 Symbol Util ity Features and Funct ions.
592 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions Symbol Utility Fe atures an d Functions Symbol Utility Features and Functions The Symbol Utility adds two main menus to y our logic analyze r . They are the Symbol File Load menu and the Symbol Browser menu. This chapter describes the features and functions o f both of these menus.
593 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The O MF Sym bol File Load Me nu The OMF Symbol File Load Menu The OMF Symbol Load menu is used to load the OMF f iles containing the symbol s that you want int o the logi c analyzer .
594 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The OMF Symbol File Load Menu OMF File Field The OMF File fi eld is used to se lect the OMF file that you would li ke to load into the system. When you initially access the OMF Symbol T able menu, the OMF File field will be blank.
595 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The O MF Sym bol File Load Me nu Label Field Use this field to specify the data label that the symbol s will correspond to. In mo st cases you will use the ADDR label, since you will be loading symbols into the system that correspond to the address bits of the processor that y ou are working wi th.
596 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The OMF Symbol File Load Menu Load Fi eld Select this field to load the symbo l file into the logic analyze r . During the load pro cess, a symbol database fi le with a ".ns" extension will be created by the Sym bol Utility .
597 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The O MF Sym bol File Load Me nu Current Loaded Fil es Field Select this field to view a list of the symbol file s that are currently loaded. The Loaded Database Fil es pop-up menu provides a Delete field that y ou can use to remove a symbol database.
598 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The OMF Symbol File Load Menu Section Relocation Optio n The Section Relocation option allows you to add offset values to the symbols in an OMF file. Use this o ption if some o f the sections or segments of your code is relocated in memory at run-tim e.
599 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The O MF Sym bol File Load Me nu Set Absolute Section Location Use this option to set an absolute address for the start of the selected section, when yo u know the run- time address of the section.
600 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The OMF Symbol Brow ser Menu The OMF Symbol Browser Menu The OMF Symbol Browser menu all ows you to browse thro ugh the symbols th at have been loaded in to the analyze r . Y ou can use the symbols as trigger terms in the T rigger menu.
601 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The OMF Symbol Br owser Menu Symbol T ype Selection Field ( User vs. OMF) This field allows you to choose between the two types of symbols available i n the logic analyzer .
602 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The OMF Symbol Brow ser Menu Find Field Use this fiel d to locate particular symbols in the symbol databases that you would like to use in a trigger specif ication. When you first access the OMF Sy mbol T able menu, the Fi nd field wil l display an asterisk (*).
603 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The OMF Symbol Br owser Menu Question mark wild card (?) If you are using a keyboar d to control yo ur logic anal yzer , you can use the question mark wildcard character . A question mark represents "any single character .
604 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The OMF Symbol Brow ser Menu Browse R esults Display This area of the di splay shows you a list o f the symbols that satisfy the search crit eria that you have specified.
605 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The OMF Symbol Br owser Menu Align to xx Byte Option Most processor s do not fetch in structions from memo ry on byte boundaries. In order to t rigger a logic analyzer on a symbol at an odd- numbered address, the address must be masked off.
606 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The OMF Symbol Brow ser Menu Offset Option The Offset option allows you to add an offset value to the starting point of the symbol that you want to use as a trigger term.
607 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The OMF Symbol Br owser Menu Context Display The Context display , just below the Find field, indicates the original OMF source file for the symbol that is currentl y highlighted in the Browse Results display .
608 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The OMF Symbol Brow ser Menu Symbol Mode Field The OMF sym bols ca n be viewed i n one of two form ats: • as global and local symbols, or • as sour ce file nam es wit h line num bers Select the l arge fiel d at the botto m of the displ ay to toggl e between the two modes.
609 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The General-Purpo se ASCII File Format The General-Purpose ASCII File Format The Symbol Utility supports a G eneral-Purpose ASCII (GP A) file format. If your language to ol chain does not pr oduce one of the supported file types, you can create a GP A file to define symbols fo r the Symbol Utili ty .
610 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The G ene ral-P urp ose AS CII File For mat Creating a GP A Sy mbol File Y ou can create a GP A symbol file using any text editor that supports ASCII format text. Each e ntry in the file you create must con sist of a symbol name followed by an a ddress or address range.
611 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The General-Purpo se ASCII File Format GP A File For mat A GP A file can be divide d into records using record headers. The different records allow you to specify different kinds of symbols, with differing char acteristics.
612 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The G ene ral-P urp ose AS CII File For mat Examp le Here is a GP A file that contains several differ ent kinds of records. [SECTIONS] prog 00001000..0000101F data 40002000..40009FFF common FFFF0000..FFFF1000 [FUNCTIONS] main 00001000.
613 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The General-Purpo se ASCII File Format Sections Format [SECTIONS] section_name start..end attribute Use SECTIONS to def ine symbols for r egions of memory , such as sections, segments, or classes. section_ name A symbol representing the name of the section.
614 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The G ene ral-P urp ose AS CII File For mat Examp le [SECTIONS] prog 00001000..00001FFF data 00002000..00003FFF display_io 00008000.
615 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The General-Purpo se ASCII File Format Functions Format [FUNCTIONS] func_name start..end Use FUNCTION S to define symbols for program functi ons, procedu res, or subroutines. func_n ame A symbol representing the function name.
616 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The G ene ral-P urp ose AS CII File For mat Va r i a b l e s Format [VARIABLES] var_name start [size] var_name start..end Y ou can specify symbols for var iables, using the address of t he variable, the address and the si ze of the variabl e, or a range of addresses occupied by the var iable.
617 Symbol U tility Fe atures a nd Functio ns The General-Purpo se ASCII File Format Source Line Numbers Format [SOURCE LINES] File: file_name line# address Use SOURCE LINES to associate addresses with lines in your so urce files. file_n ame The name o f a file.
618 Symbol Utility Fe atures and Functions The G ene ral-P urp ose AS CII File For mat Start Addr ess Format [START ADDRESS]address address T he address of t he program entry poin t, in hexadecimal.
619 Symbols * character , 602 .ns fil es , 583 , 596 loa ding , 596 ? character , 603 A AC/D C Cal , 41 5 accessing menus , 47 System m enus , 48 accessing symbol utility menus browser menu , 577 load.
620 Index Label vs. State , 340 clean logic analyzer , 457 clock circuit pattern ge nerator board th eory , 418 Clock I nputs di splay , 301 color setting , 294 color display changing , 292 colors def.
Index 621 Done ke y , 26 drive na me , 49 3 , 494 dyn amic f ile s , 519 , 534 problems with SU N operating systems , 534 E edge t erms , 395 Encapsulat ed PostScript files , 51 6 ENDEC (Encoder/Decod.
622 Index in MS- DOS , 54 4 in wo rk statio ns , 542 hue setting , 294 I illega l configurat ion , 29 6 interleave trace lists , 129 intermit tent res ponse f rom pin g in MS Windows , 547 in MS- DOS .
Index 623 new , 53 5 Min an d Max sc ali ng fiel ds , 341 mixed displ ay state and timing , 131 Mixed D isplay menu , 338 Modi fy T rigger fiel d , 313 Modu le fiel d , 595 module statu s , 517 mount .
624 Index Normal mode , 160 Occur field , 181 Offset fi eld , 157 pattern trigg er mode , 16 5 Prese t field , 159 probe attenuation factor , 158 Probe field , 15 8 Run Unt il T ime X-O fi eld , 182 s.
Index 625 power requ irements , 455 powe r - up t ests , 461 pref etch , 60 5 offse tting trigger term , 60 6 preprocessor problems , 426 erratic tr ace measurements , 428 slow clock , 427 target sy s.
626 Index restoring , 520 Setup/ Hold fiel d , 307 Shift Ke y description , 27 Shift k ey , 27 single-client /single-server , 53 9 , 545 , 547 size of files , 534 slow operation , 559 socket , 522 com.
Index 627 timi ng acqu isit ion mod es , 299 timing sampli ng rates , 94 timing t rigger f unction library , 314 tra ce list ing symbols in , 584 trace lists interleave , 129 trace modes (SP A) , 357 .
628 Index workstations error messages , 543 error messages from ping , 543 hostname , 542 intermitte nt response from ping , 543 no response from ping , 543 normal respon se from ping , 54 2 tr oubl e.
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Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Agilent Technologies 1670G è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Agilent Technologies 1670G - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Agilent Technologies 1670G imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Agilent Technologies 1670G ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Agilent Technologies 1670G, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Agilent Technologies 1670G.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Agilent Technologies 1670G. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Agilent Technologies 1670G insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
